Is your promotion really necessary? Many workers focus their hopes on climbing the scale of their organizations. The prospect of higher pay helps explain their ambition,but so does the greater status that comes with each successive(连续的) title.
This climb can often end in disappointment. The Peter Principle, developed by Laurence Peter for a book published in 1969, states that workers get promoted until they reach their level of incompetence. It makes perfect sense. If you are good at your job, you rise up the career ladder. Eventually, there will be a job you are not good at and at that point your career will stop.
There is another problem with chasing the promotion fantasy. Many companies have a strong tendency to promote the best sales people. Convincing others to buy goods and services is a useful skill, requiring charm and persistence. But, as the authors point out, these are not the same capabilities as the strategic planning and administrative competence needed to lead a sales team.
The research then looked at what happened after these super-salespeople were promoted Their previous sales performance was actually a negative indicator of managerial success.The sales growth of workers assigned to the star sellers was 7.5 percentage points lower than for those whose managers were previously weaker performers.
The trick to avoiding this curse is to stick to what you like doing. If you enjoy teaching, don't be a headmaster or college principal. If you like writing articles and columns, editing other people’s work may not give the same degree of satisfaction.
Another problem with pursuing frequent promotions is that it turns you into a supplicant, endlessly in search of favourable feedback from the higher-ups. This can lead you to lose control of your work-life balance. In Charles Handy's new book, 21 Letters On Life And Its Challenges, the experienced management theorist recalls an insight when working for Royal Dutch Shell,an oil giant. "In exchange for the promise of financial security and guaranteed work, I had sold my time to complete strangers with my permission for them to use that time for their own purpose,” he writes.
The higher up the ladder you go, the greater the demands are likely to be on your time.The chief executive will expect you to be available at weekends: after all, that is why you get paid the big bucks.
So that shiny promotion may not be for everyone. Beware the curse of overwork an/dissatisfaction. Some people like to devote their whole lives to their job and be at the centre of events. It is best to let them get on with it.
1. What can we learn about"The Peter Principle"?| A．People’s careers are easily spoiled by unrealistic expectations. |
| B．There are to some degree certain ceilings in people's career paths |
| C．Incompetent employees tend to have more chances to gain promotions |
| D．People don't necessarily get promoted by virtue of their competence |
| A．To put forward useful suggestions on how to get promoted |
| B．To show how many challenges we face without getting promoted |
| C．To illustrate the serious consequences of the pursuit of promotion |
| D．To prove the economic security brought along by the promotion. |
| A．The Promotion Satisfaction | B．The Promotion Curse |
| C．The Promotion Strategies | D．The Promotion Prospect |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】It is often said that a person’s high school years are some of the most important they will experience, and are often seen as a critical and life-shaping time. During this period in their life people often begin to discover what is meaningful to them and how they plan to continue living their life. My volunteer experience at St. Clare’s Hospital has helped me form this positive experience during my high school years; through valuable lessons I have learned life skills and have begun to shape my values and mind-set. In the course of my volunteering at the hospital I have discovered how to interact with others, learned to respect diversity, realized the importance of service, and gained perspective. When I first began volunteering, I was very nervous about meeting new people and being pushed outside of my comfort zone. I am learning to introduce myself to new volunteers, go out of my way to make patients feel welcome, and overall how to extend a hand of friendship to others. Not only does this skill apply to my personal life, but will also be extremely helpful in my academic life and the “real world.”
I think one of the most significant values I have gained through my experience at St. Clare’s Hospital is the importance of service. Service, involves making a difference in the lives of others and contributing to the community. Each time I end my volunteer shift, I feel better and as if I have done something worthwhile. This feeling has fueled me to continue volunteering, and has now become something I see as irreplaceable. In the past I have been frustrated by my situation, and was discouraged because I felt I might not make a significant difference due to my young age. However, I am relieved of this because I feel that through the hospital volunteer program I can try to do my part and help others.
I genuinely think that without my volunteer experience at St. Clare’s Hospital, I may have been a different person, lacking these skills and ideals. I have matured and gained valuable skills, as well as learned important lessons about life. Many people my age do not have an experience similar to this, where they are in an environment based only upon healing and helping others, and I think they have truly missed out. I will continue on this path of service throughout my life, and I know that because of my volunteer experience I have benefited, and that these benefits will carry on as I develop and become an adult.
1. According to the passage, why is a person’s high school years important?| A．Because people do volunteer work during this time. |
| B．Because it is a time to interact with others. |
| C．Because during this period, people begin to shape their lives. |
| D．Because it is a time to discover the meaning of volunteering. |
| A．I realized the importance of service. |
| B．Each time I end my volunteer job, I feel better. |
| C．Service is something irreplaceable. |
| D．I am relieved of frustration. |
| A．During the author’s high school years he formed the positive experience. |
| B．When the author first began volunteering, he was excited to meet new people. |
| C．The author became lacking skills and ideals after volunteering at St. Clare’s Hospital. |
| D．Many high school students are in an environment based only upon healing and helping others. |
| A．Hesitating. |
| B．Lonely. |
| C．Generous. |
| D．Unconfident. |
| A．High school years are the most important period. |
| B．He missed the experience during his high school years. |
| C．He has benefited from his volunteer experience at St. Clare’s Hospital. |
| D．He was pushed outside of his comfort zone when working at St. Clare’s Hospital. |
【推荐2】When I was a young girl in 8th grade, my classmates told me how they met new friends and even chatted with celebrities on the Internet. I was intrigued and wanted to experience these exciting things. I opened an online account; this was the beginning of my journey through the virtual world. As time went by, I became accustomed to checking social media more frequently. I buried myself in social media, chatting with friends and sharing my life with them. Social media was a source of happiness and more so, it brought a sense of satisfaction, pain, and frustration.
My newfound interest started interfering (干扰) with my schoolwork. Instead of checking my school notes in time as usual, I checked social media more often to see what was happening with my friends’ lives. But I later discovered that by becoming more aware of other people’s lives, I became less in tune with myself. I was more focused on the illusions social media presented than the realities of my life. Thus, I started to sense depression, jealousy and hatred as a result of comparing my life with others. And I became much like what the people in the virtual world expected of me.
Luckily, my phone went missing and my mother refused to get me a new one. I felt sad and lonely. However, her refusal led to something more meaningful to my life. Within a month, I became less concerned about other people’s lives and more concerned about my courses. And I had more time to study and sleep.
Lack of social media also made me realize that social media had been interfering with my study habits and my private life. For example, I had no privacy. Anyone who had access to my social media profiles could easily find out where I lived. Moreover, I sometimes spent 15 hours browsing through social media without doing anything productive.
After examining my use of social media, I decided not to entirely quit social media, but to change the way I use them. I unfollowed sites that didn’t contribute to positive or educative aspects of my life. I only use social media to spread positive messages and connect with others. Social media is not inherently bad, but it becomes terrible when we are addicted to it.
1. After creating an online account, the author .| A．became less in harmony with herself |
| B．showed no concern for her school work |
| C．lived a more exciting and satisfying life |
| D．cared more about others and felt happier |
| A．develop new hobbies |
| B．focus more on her studies |
| C．forget how to access her account |
| D．unfollow sites connected with her life |
| A．ruins people’s life and should be quit |
| B．broadens people’s views of the world |
| C．challenges people’s self-control ability |
| D．plays a primary role in people’s life |
| A．A struggle in the days without phones. |
| B．Ways to get rid of social media addiction. |
| C．A personal experience with the virtual world. |
| D．Drawbacks of social media outweigh benefits. |
【推荐3】It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.
I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that，for a girl in her teens，entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least that's how Margy found it at first. However，as the school year drew to a close，one student after another came to her.I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so，you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.
Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.
I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young nonconformist stand out like a Martian. These days there's a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well，go to it. Be yourself .Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.
1. Why was the author worried about his daughter's popularity in her new school?| A．She might find no true friends. |
| B．She would ignore her academic performance. |
| C．She had no idea of her own. |
| D．She might betray her true self. |
| A．They're afraid of getting lost in life. |
| B．They lack the courage to be truly different. |
| C．They have difficulty understanding each other. |
| D．They find it hard to gain popularity as expected. |
| A．Someone who behaves in his own way. |
| B．Someone who desires popularity greatly. |
| C．Someone who cares about others' opinion. |
| D．Someone who wants to please others. |
【推荐1】You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be?” Some of you may have already decided on a career path.
First, does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive.
Second, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type.
Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress.
| A．But many of you still don’t have a clue! |
| B．We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects. |
| C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job. |
| D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you. |
| E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges. |
| F．People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change. |
| G．Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging. |
【推荐2】The alarm rang in my ear. After silencing it, I remained in bed. My motivation to push ahead with my PhD was disappearing, which made it hard to face each new day. Continuing would risk a total breakdown. With anxiety, I decided to cease my PhD temporarily and take a 9-month position at a health care charity. Back when I looked for PhD positions, I was unclear what I wanted to study. For me, the degree mostly served as a means to an end, securing more interesting and higher-paid positions in the private sector than my master’s degree would unlock. So I wasn’t picky and reasoned a variety of projects that would provide the training and degree I wanted.
In hindsight (事后想来), I should have been more selective. I ended up working on a project I was technically capable of completing but over time felt full of disappointment. The purely academic research was intellectually interesting, yet I struggled to see how it would make an impact on the wider real world.
Some unexpected things amplified my trouble. I started my program in 2020, when meetings were virtual and in-person contact was actively discouraged, so I had few opportunities to form personal connections with co-workers. Research became my only focus, and when my interest in that faded, my project felt depressing.
After only 1 month at the charity, it became clear that I’d made the right decision. My mental health improved and I found it easier to come into work. Things I did could matter and energize me after all —if I chose wisely. That was exactly what I needed and desired. After that realization, I decided I wanted to return to my PhD program and make changes. I told my teacher I wasn’t interested in the current research. To my relief, he was supportive, and we redesigned the project to better fit me. I will return to my program next month, optimistic that this time will be different. But if it doesn’t go as I hope, my charity experience has given me direction and confidence that I’ll live a satisfying life, with or without a PhD.
1. What did the author view the PhD degree as at first?| A．A struggle for new days. |
| B．A breakthrough in his study. |
| C．A way of getting a better job. |
| D．A chance to build connections. |
| A．It was of slight practical use. |
| B．It failed to meet his social need. |
| C．It showed an unpromising future. |
| D．It had a high degree of difficulty. |
| A．Reflected. | B．Caused. |
| C．Solved. | D．Increased. |
| A．It inspired him to face challenges. |
| B．It helped him find a purpose in life. |
| C．It fueled his enthusiasm for his program. |
| D．It enabled him to make the right decision. |
【推荐3】Knowing that you are paid less than your peers (同龄人) has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative (消极的): a thinner pay packet harms self-respect. The less-known one is called the “tunnel” (隧道) effect: high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches.
A study by professor Mr. Fitzroy separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive effect on people's satisfaction. But Mr. Fitzroy’s team theorized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect.
The data confirm this view. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not obvious for people aged under 45. Seeing peers' incomes rising actually makes young people happier (even more than a rise in their own incomes). It is only those people over 45, when careers have “reached a stable position”, whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already line up with social expectations. Indeed, retiring early from work can have side effects. Men retiring a year early lower their possibility of surviving to age 67 by 13%. Almost a third of this higher death rate, which seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into retirement by job loss, was caused by drug and alcohol addiction.
So a person's value does not only depend on how much they buy material goods and recreations but is also influenced by how well a person obeys the generally accepted standards of social behaviour of the category he belongs to. Applying identity theory to the relationship between unemployment and life satisfaction implies that unemployed people are not only dissatisfied with their life because they have lower incomes, but also because they don’t follow the standards of their social category under which they are expected to work.
1. How will people usually react to a less income than peers？| A．Their pride will be injured. |
| B．Their status will be acquired. |
| C．Their reputation will be harmed. |
| D．Their happiness will be achieved. |
| A．Working people. | B．Retired people. |
| C．People aged over 45. | D．People aged under 45. |
| A．income | B．health | C．privileges | D．expectations |
| A．Peers, Pay and Pride. |
| B．Age, Admiration and Attitude |
| C．Envy, Employment and Expectation |
| D．Income, Inspiration and Independence |
【推荐1】Is homeschooling good or bad? That is a question that many parents ask themselves. In my opinion, homeschooled kids can give reliable answers.
Kayla Murray, who lives in Greensboro North Carolina, started homeschooling almost eight years ago, after attending two local schools. “Homeschooling is school at home,” like the name says, but it’s not just that/ she says. “You're able to learn more and do more.”
Having experienced learning at both school and home, Kayla says that she prefers the latter. “With homeschooling, I can do schoolwork in my pajamas, and no one cares,” she says, “you also have more chances. Earlier this year, my family and I were able to take a short vacation and go to an air show. My siblings and I get to take the day off for our birthdays. This year, I spent that time reading and playing the piano and guitar.”
There are, however, drawbacks of being homeschooled, Kayla says, especially “the lack of people”. While she doesn't miss homework, al school, she did enjoy getting to see my friends every day.”
Matthew Dimmette, also from Greensboro, used to be a homeschooler. He now attends public high school. He says being homeschooled is quite different from going to public school. The differences depend on how you are homeschooled and the things you do. “For me, it wasn't really different in terms of the classes but the school environment was a big change atter hearting at home. says Matthew.
Talking about his homeschooling experience, Matthew says the best part of it was being able to learn what he wanted to. Yet the main disadvantage was that he couldn't do many experiments in homeschooling unless taking classes at different places. “My interest in science has been growing quickly in recent years, so I chose to go to public school,” he says.
1. What does Kayla like about learning at home?| A．She can spend her time more freely. | B．She can always stay with her siblings. |
| C．She can play the instruments she likes. | D．She can celebrate her birthday at home. |
| A．Concerns. | B．Reasons. | C．Changes. | D．Problem. |
| A．He wanted to make more friends. | B．He wanted to do experiments in labs. |
| C．He wanted to take all kinds of classes | D．He wanted to experience the school environment |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Uninterested. | D．Unclear. |
【推荐2】One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.
When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something rooted in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it.”
In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is.
This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”
Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing.
Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.
1. The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________.| A．it is our natural emotion in the life | B．culture asks us to be different from others |
| C．everyone has their own opinions on things | D．we dislike something in the beginning |
| A．depressing | B．frightening | C．encouraging | D．unreal |
| A．acting well at work and in politics |
| B．feeling depressed for the news media |
| C．accepting and understanding what has happened |
| D．saying something negative when bad things come |
| A．Expecting things to be different gives us hope. |
| B．Accepting can make our life happier and better. |
| C．Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness. |
| D．Judging good or bad is important for our world. |
【推荐3】What would you do if someone did something you didn’t agree with? Would you completely stop talking to them? Or would you tell them how their actions were wrong?
The “cancel culture” trend has been picking up some steam recently. According to Dictionary.com, “cancel culture” is defined as “publicly rejecting, boycotting or ending support for particular people or groups because of their socially or morally unacceptable views or actions”.
Neelam, a 17-year-old high school senior in the US, told The New York Times that she wasn’t being sensitive when she saw someone doing something wrong and “called them out” for it.
However, others think that “canceling” people is counterproductive and can actually be harmful to the person.
To Ben, a high school junior in Providence, Rhode Island, US, canceling someone “takes away the option for them to learn from their mistakes and kind of alienates them”. Ben, 17, thinks that people should be held accountable for their actions, regardless if they are your friend or someone famous.
In fact, quite a few celebrities have already faced the wrath of cancel culture. Some celebrities who have been “canceled” this year include British author of the Harry Potter series J.K. Rowling, US comedian Ellen DeGeneres and English guitarist Eric Clapton.
And, over the summer, about 150 public figures like authors J.K. Rowling and Margaret Atwood signed an open letter against the cancel culture trend. The letter expressed that cancel culture was hurting people’s freedom of expression in areas like the arts, universities and journals.
Professor Loretta Ross, who teaches a university course on cancel culture, is trying to fight back against this new trend. “It really does alienate people, and makes them fearful of speaking up,” she told The New York Times. Ross also noted that cancel culture isn’t new: “What’s new is the virality and the speed and the anonymity.”
Our world is beautiful because of the wonderful mix of different cultures, ideas and opinions. So, the next time you think someone should be “called out” or “canceled”, maybe try calling them in instead.
1. What does the underlined sentence most probably mean in paragraph 3?| A．She realized canceling a person was harmful. | B．She thought it was reasonable to cancel a person. |
| C．She didn’t think it was fair to cancel a person. | D．She thought we shouldn’t cancel a person. |
| A．Cancel culture doesn’t help with a person’s growth. |
| B．Cancel culture encourages people to reflect on their mistakes. |
| C．Canceling people applies to all, whether they are friends or celebrities. |
| D．Cancel culture makes people unfriendly toward each other. |
| A．People should be careful in expressing their opinions. |
| B．Cancel culture enables people to speak up freely. |
| C．The meaning of cancel culture changes with the times. |
| D．The Internet has made cancel culture more powerful. |
| A．The origin of cancel culture. | B．Why cancel culture is harmful. |
| C．The issue of cancel culture. | D．Why cancel culture is trendy. |
【推荐1】Many students in China are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teenagers(十几岁的青少年). Many are adults. Some learn at school, others study by themselves. A few learn English language over the radio, on television, or in films. One must work hard to learn another language. Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer that question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. They study their own language and maths and English. Some people learn English because it is useful for their work. Many people often learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university(大学) some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspaper and magazines in English.
1. If one wants to learn another language well, he must ____.| A．learn at school | B．study by himself |
| C．read newspaper | D．work hard |
| A．that question is not difficult to answer |
| B．that question is difficult to answer it |
| C．it is difficultly to answer that question |
| D．it is hard to answer that question |
| A．Chinese | B．English | C．French | D．Japanese |
【推荐2】Cheap Travel
You can pay a fortune to travel around the world. Or you can pay nothing at all. Here are some places you’ll never regret visiting. They won’t cost you a dime.
The British Museum, London (U.K.)
You need to go here to see. the Egyptian mummies, the ancient Greek marbles and so many other treasures. It’s open every day, and unlike most other attractions in England that cost an arm and a leg, it’s completely free.
National Mall, Washington D.C. (U.S.A.)
You can walk a pathway from the Lincoln Memorial to the severe Vietnam Veterans Memorial and to the Washington Monument with other sights in between. Do you know you can go up in the elevator to the top of the Washington Monument? Tickets are free, but pay a small fee to reserve them in advance to avoid being disappointed.
Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris (France)
This great treasure of the world simply can’t be missed. The great stained-glass rose window alone is worth the visit. The Sunday Mass with the Gregorian chant was like stepping back in time. Admission is free every day, but you are welcome to leave a donation- There are also free tours a few times each week. You’ll be additionally charged for tours of the bell tower or the crypt.
Tips: The Notre-Dame Cathedral was greatly damaged by a massive fire in April 2019. Please visit notredamedepairs. ƒr/en/for more information regarding future visits to the cathedral.
National Museum of Ireland, Dublin and Mayo (Ireland)
Want to see bog bodies, gold ornaments, Viking artifacts and learn about rural Irish life? All four branches of this museum are free to visit, including museums devoted to archaeology, natural history, decorative arts and history and country life. The museum of country life in Turlough Park, Mayo, is devoted to Irish rural traditions, while the natural history museum is especially famous for its collection of insects.
1. Which place do you need to pay for an appointment?| A．Lincoln Memorial. | B．Notre-Cathedral. |
| C．The top of the Washington Monument. | D．Vietnam Veterans Memorials. |
| A．Leave a donation. | B．Pay an extra fee for the tour. |
| C．Set off at a certain time. | D．Make reservations in advance. |
| A．the British Museum, London |
| B．National Mall, Washington D.C. |
| C．Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris |
| D．National Museum of Ireland, Dublin and Mayo |
【推荐3】Chokwe Selassie, an eighth-grader at Blackburn Middle School, was inspired to create an app on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole (坑洞) in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. “I wanted to do something about the pothole problem in my city,” Chokwe, 13, told TFK.
Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. “When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted in red,” Chokwe says. “And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you with a beep sound.” Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes they come across, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them.
The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson, according to Chokwe. “It works by using the city’s 311 call system, so it uses information already stored in a database,” he says. Through the call system, citizens dial 311 to report non-emergency problems — which include potholes.
To get some help in developing the app, the boys took part in a Minority Male Makers Program sponsored by Verizon (an American broadband and telecommunications company) and held at Jackson State University. The program provides nearly 1,000 American middle school boys across the country with training in advanced technology.
“The students were really excited to participate and learn new things,” says Valerie Bradley, Chokwe’s principal at Blackburn Middle School. Through the program, Chokwe says, he and his friends received encouragement and guidance.
Although the app isn’t yet available for sale, Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve it. The prototype (雏形) remains limited to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther. “I want to keep working on the app until it’s nationwide,” Chokwe says.
1. What is the app designed by Chokwe aimed at?| A．Perfecting the city’s 311 call system. |
| B．Planning the best routes for drivers. |
| C．Measuring the streets in Jackson. |
| D．Helping drivers avoid potholes. |
| A．How Chokwe’s app works. |
| B．What Chokwe’s app relies on. |
| C．Where Chokwe’s app can be used. |
| D．Whom Chokwe’s app is designed for. |
| A．Students at Jackson State University. |
| B．Teachers at Blackburn Middle School. |
| C．Boys who are interested in technology. |
| D．Males like driving and repairing vehicles. |
| A．Proud. | B．Honest. |
| C．Ambitious. | D．Independent. |
