When we’re small children, our mistakes are applauded. Our falling-down attempts to walk for the first time are cheered by our parents, giving us the courage to get up and try again. When we accidentally put our shirt on backwards, people smile and praise our independence. At this age, the world teaches us that failure is merely part of the journey to success.
But when we get to school, we quickly learn that mistakes are bad. Answers are right or wrong, true or false. The risk-taking that used to be rewarded is now punished, and we either give up or learn to stick with safe answers. Unfortunately, this black-or-white thinking doesn’t encourage learning. Instead, it encourages a fear of failure and discourages inventiveness.
Teachers are starting to worry, and “resiliency(心理弹性)” is perhaps the latest buzzword(术语) in education. In June, the California Teacher’s Association published an article called “Teaching Students to Bounce Back.” It argued that children are under more stress than ever, but lacking in “basic coping skills”. The article infers that this loss of coping skills could be because “years of testing and test preparation have robbed them of critical thinking skills and the ability to self-reflect.” It’s no coincidence that anxiety among teenagers is on the rise. In her book, The Price of Privilege, Marilyn Levine tries to make sense of this phenomenon: “When parents place an extremely high value on outstanding performance, children come to see anything less than perfection as failure. While most kids hang in there and try to meet those high expectations, more and more kids are quitting.” Students are afraid to try anything new, prevented by fears of appearing imperfect.
Allowing our children to make mistakes is the best way to fight this culture of perfectionism. We must remind them of what they knew as toddlers(初学走路的孩子): mistakes are a valuable part of the learning process. Creation and discovery can only be developed if we give our children the freedom to fail. Schools can build resiliency by stressing exploration over correctness. School needs to be a place that doesn’t just teach the right answers: it should also be a place that teaches kids how to bounce back from failure.
1. What does the underlined word “it”(Paragraph 2) most probably refer to?A.The risk-taking. | B.The falling-down attempt. |
C.Putting one’s shirt on backwards. | D.The black-or-white thinking. |
A.lack parents’ understanding and teachers’ guiding |
B.lack critical thinking skills and self-reflection ability |
C.have too much anxiety and need comfort |
D.have too much independence and freedom |
A.most children quit because they are imperfect |
B.parents are trying to prevent their children from appearing imperfect |
C.children are so afraid of things that they try to avoid trying new things |
D.children place a high value on trying new things |
A.Making Mistakes in School Is a Must. |
B.Teaching Students to Bounce Back Is Popular. |
C.Students Should Learn Without Failure. |
D.Anxiety among Teenagers Is on the Rise. |
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【推荐1】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressure from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter, because I didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.
1. What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Competition helps to set up self-respect. |
B.Competition is harmful to personal quality development. |
C.Failures are necessary experiences in competition. |
D.Opinions about competition are different among people. |
A.Those who are against competition most strongly. |
B.Those who try their best to win. |
C.Those who value competition most highly. |
D.Those who rely on others most for success. |
A.One’s success in competition needs great efforts. |
B.One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others’. |
C.One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. |
D.One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. |
A.Every effort should be paid back. |
B.Winning should be a life-and-death matter. |
C.Fear of failure should be removed in competition. |
D.Competition should be encouraged. |
【推荐2】Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, toil (苦干) won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.
1. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.A.the reasons for success | B.the meaning of success |
C.the standards of success | D.the importance of success |
A.work makes one feel pain | B.one tends to enjoy his work |
C.one gives up his work easily | D.it takes a lot of time to succeed |
A.Successful people like to show their great skills. |
B.People need to achieve success at the cost of life. |
C.People sometimes succeed without luck or talent. |
D.It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success. |
A.Success ― the child of talent and luck |
B.Success ― altitude rather than attitude |
C.Time and tide wait for no man |
D.Time and toil make for success |
【推荐3】When drones (无人机) first became widely available around 15 years ago, it wasn’t uncommon to find tech people painting dramatic pictures of how they were soon going to change the world. However, if you look up into the largely empty sky, you can see that hasn’t happened yet.
Sure, drones are useful for taking aerial (空中的) photos, but we’re a long way away from aerial superhighways, packed with autonomous drones carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impossible on the ground.
In 2016, Amazon announced it had completed its first ever aerial delivery. In a video, we saw an Amazon “Prime Air” drone pick up a parcel and fly it across the countryside landing in the buyer’s garden, dropping the parcel, and then returning to its home base. But Amazon still hasn’t completed its second drone delivery. In fact, it has reportedly downsized the drone program.
So, will drone delivery ever be a thing? There are some indications of a possible drone delivery future not in Britain, but in Africa. Because also since 2016, rural hospitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments of medical supplies by drone thanks to a company called Zipline. It surely has saved lives, thanks to the speed at which blood can be delivered in a country with a poorly developed road network. So could we ever expect such a system here?
Unfortunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly populated Britain. British homes don’t have large gardens where to land and nobody wants loud large drones constantly landing around the neighbourhood. Another reality is that British cities may still have security and safety concerns about routinely having drones carrying stuff over our heads.
That’s why I wonder if the real drone future could be crawling (爬) along the ground. For a few years, “autonomous delivery robots” with wheels have been walking on the pavements. So perhaps we’re not so far away from a drone delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit more down to earth.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A.Drones are widely used in daily life. |
B.Drones have made delivery efficient. |
C.Drones are designed to take aerial photos. |
D.Drones haven’t changed the world as expected. |
A.To explain the process of drone delivery. |
B.To stress the profits brought by drone delivery. |
C.To discuss the possibility of a drone delivery future. |
D.To show its advantages over Amazon’s drone delivery. |
A.The security and safety concerns about drones. |
B.The ways that British people react to drone delivery. |
C.The differences between African countries and Britain. |
D.The reasons why drone delivery isn’t suitable for Britain. |
A.Drone Delivery Future: Pie in the Sky | B.A Bright Future for Drone Delivery |
C.Change the World with Drones | D.Drone Applications at Risk Worldwide |
【推荐1】The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.
In general, a university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Whether they are majoring in geography, geometry or any other subject, graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, the grand university having much glory, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students grew similarly lazy in a gradual way.
If students have to pay for their education, I guess they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers and have a better grasp of the subjects. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should be generous enough to pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital(资金) from the government to invest.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government who should pay for their university education.
1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to .A.taxpayers | B.pressing calls |
C.college graduates | D.government resources |
A.teachers are less satisfied |
B.students are more demanding |
C.students will become more competent |
D.teachers will spend less time on teaching |
A.argue against free university education |
B.call on them to finance students' studies |
C.encourage graduates to go into business |
D.show their contribution to higher education |
【推荐2】On June 17, 1774, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations. The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College. In a letter the next day they refused the offer as follows:
We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you. We are convinced that you mean to do us good by your proposal; and we thank you heartily. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. We have had some experience of it. Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the college of the northern provinces: they were taught all your sciences; but when they came back to us, they were bad manners, ignorant of every means of living in the woods — they were totally good for nothing.
We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them all we know, and make men of them.
1. The passage is about ____.A.the talk between the Indians and the officials |
B.the colleges of the northern provinces |
C.the educational values of the Indians |
D.the problems of the Americans in the mid-eighteen century |
A.express their opinions on equal treatment |
B.politely refuse a friendly offer |
C.show their pride |
D.describe Indian customs |
A.it would be better for their boys to receive some schooling |
B.they were being insulted by the offer |
C.they knew more about science than the officials |
D.they had better way of educating young men |
A.young women should also be educated |
B.they had different goals of education |
C.they taught different branches of science |
D.they should teach the sons of the officials first |
【推荐3】Constantine’s daughter, Sophia, is in 9th grade and just turned 14. For her birthday, she was given a cellphone. It seems that 14 is the perfect age for children to get their first cellphone. However, until Sophia received it, she was the only one of her friends who didn’t have a phone.
Constantine said, “As a father, I want to protect Sophia from the bad influences that cellphones have on her. But I don’t want her to feel socially isolated (孤立的).”
Like Constantine, the worry about social isolation forces many parents to give their kids a cellphone, even if they don’t feel the child is quite ready. That stress led one mom to create a movement, Wait Until 8th, in which parents sign a pledge (保证书) not to get their child a cellphone before 8th grade.
The founder of the movement said, “Today, children are given their own cellphone at a young age. As we started to ask around, many parents bought their children a cellphone because ‘everyone had them’. They didn’t want their children to feel left out. But still, there were parents who opted to wait. So, the idea came to these parents to come together to start a movement. ”
Refusing to give children cellphones early was difficult. Sophia’s father said he often wished Sophia had a phone to tell him she had missed the bus or was staying late at school. But the family felt the bad influences of cellphones were much greater. “She reads more, still plays with friends and is more active and imaginative than I think she would be if she were put in a virtual (虚拟的) world,” said Constantine.
1. Why did Constantine give her daughter a cellphone?A.To make her feel connected with her friends. |
B.To encourage her to create a movement. |
C.To protect her from bad influences. |
D.To show she is at her perfect age. |
A.To help kids to feel socially isolated. |
B.To encourage kids to use cellphones late. |
C.To make rules for children to use cellphones. |
D.To support parents in giving kids cellphones later. |
A.Remembered. | B.Chose. |
C.Dared. | D.Learned. |
A.Eighth graders are old enough to own a cellphone. |
B.Cellphones may influence kids’ imagination. |
C.Kids need to make good use of cellphones. |
D.Kids should not stay late at school. |