We live in a society that labels everything. We like the convenience of neatly packaged words so we can sum up the person, place or thing and know what to expect. However, especially with children, even harmless labels (标签) can play a lasting role in self-respect, behavior and long-term personality.
Children develop and define their sense of self by processing what others tell them about who they are, what they are good at, how they behave and so on. The communication principle of the “Looking-Glass Self” from Charles Cooley can be applied. Cooley believes that by reflecting back to us who we are, other people function as mirrors for us. Every time a teacher says he or she is a “good student” or a coach says “average player”, that helps define the way the child views himself or herself. Typically, that label will follow them for years to come.
However, parents often refer to children with less severe labels that are just as significant. If you notice one child follows musical interests, he becomes “the musician”. Another loves sports, and she becomes “the athlete”. Another excels in school and is the “brainiac”. None of those labels has negative ideas, but can classify children into pre-defined boxes. What if the “brainiac” really wants to try soccer? Unfortunately, there is already an “athlete” in the family, which creates a fight or flight response. The child can either fight to redefine his or her place as a smart child who also plays soccer, or go back to where he or she has already been.
Labels have much more of an impact that we realize, and we need to be mindful of how we talk about our children. If you must define certain things about them to yourself or others, try to choose positive versions of the same quality, i.e. “cautious” rather than “timid” (胆小的). Keeping the focus on the child’s positive qualities, while avoiding labels, can encourage children to become healthy and happy.
1. What can we learn from the principle of “Looking-Glass Self”?A.One tends to satisfy others’ curiosity. |
B.One gains the sense of identity by mirror. |
C.Children will live up to the expectations of their parents. |
D.People shape self-concepts by understanding how others view them. |
A.Her family will be in favor of her. |
B.She must struggle or she must quit. |
C.Her family will deny her athletic talent. |
D.She can’t but give in to parental authority. |
A.Active. | B.Influential. |
C.Intelligent. | D.Competitive. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Indifferent. |
C.Negative. | D.Positive. |
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【推荐1】Hours after I gave birth to my first child, my husband cradled all five pounds of our boy and said gently, “Hi, sweet pea.” Not “buddy” or “little man.” The words filled me with unexpected comfort. Like most parents, we knew what we’d name our son but never discussed what we’d speak to him. I was witnessing my husband’s commitment to raising a sweet boy.
Boys have always known they could do anything; all they had to do was look around at their president, religious leaders, professional athletes and the statues that stand in cities. Girls have always known they are allowed to feel anything. While girls are encouraged to be not just dancers but also astronauts, boys-who already know they can walk on the moon and dominate Silicon Valley — don’t receive clear encouragement to fully access their emotions. Actually, we don’t need to deny differences between boys and girls. We do need to recognize that children by nature, regardless of gender, harbor (庇护) sweetness that we, as a society, would do well to promote and preserve.
Sweet boys grow up to be men who recognize the strength in being vulnerable (柔弱) and empathetic. Men who are not threatened by criticism or competition from people whom they consider as “other” — be it skin color, sexual orientation, religion, education or whatever. Sweet boys are children who’ve been given, by their parents and wider society the permission to feel everything and to express those emotions without shame.
At a young age, this should be done clearly, in organized forums for discussions at school. Parents must invite their sons to be sad, afraid, hurt, silly and affectionate, and hug them as often as they do to their daughters. Sweet boys learn early on that they can defend themselves against loneliness by reaching out and asking for support.
Boys will not be merely boys. If we let them, boys will be human.
1. Why was the author filled with surprising comfort in the first paragraph?A.Sweet pea was a sweet name for a baby. |
B.Sweet pea was a proper name for a boy. |
C.She felt her husband’s intention to raise their son sweet. |
D.She felt her husband’s love and responsibility to her. |
A.Boys are different from girls. | B.Boys are not raised correctly. |
C.Children are born to be sweet. | D.Children should be protected. |
A.won’t feel shameful to be vulnerable and sympathetic |
B.will be more stressed to face competition from others |
C.will be threatened by others’ criticism |
D.will be treated as vulnerable by others |
A.How to Raise a Sweet Boy. | B.Boys Are Only Boys. |
C.Seeing the Man in Your Son. | D.The benefits of Raising a Boy. |
Mama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mama says all the dust is due to the drought(干旱). The dirt covers everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive the truck because Papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor.
When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school we wear scarfs over our mouths so we don’t breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay at home and help Mama put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in.
Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “I must warn Papa,” I thought to myself. To avoid her fear, I gently told Faye to go back inside where she would be safe, and then headed off to the field.
The storm hit so fast, and in an instant the day turned into night. By the time I entered the cow field the fine sand was whipping(抽打) across my face. I screamed for Papa, hoping my voice would lead him back. The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. Although I was terrified, I refused to turn back. My dad was trapped and needed my help.
1. Read for the main idea. (Limit your ideas to less than 20 words.)2. Write a possible ending. (Limit your ideas to around 80 words.)
Covering my face with one hand, I groped(摸索) my way toward the truck and opened the door.
【推荐3】My mother was never truly happy in Connecticut finding the winter bitter cold and the culture provincial (偏狭的). Though she grew up in New Jersey, she moved to San Francisco in her early twenties, met and married my dad out there. After I was born, they decided to return east, closer to their own parents. But she never let go of her love for the Bay Area.
California was always part of the conversation when I was a kid. I ate meals off a map-of-the-world placemat (餐垫), and Mom taught me to identify San Francisco before I learned where Hartford was. She told us stories of perfection on a single city, fantasizing about retiring out west. My dad would play along, but his heart wasn’t in the same place.
While my mother’s status in the nonprofit world advanced, her desire to move back to her favorite place grew strong. She applied for jobs in the Bay, underwent bicoastal Skype screenings, even traveled out for a couple of interviews on a whim (心血来潮). Sometimes her cover letters disappeared, other times she made it down to the final two candidates. With each rejection, she promised to make her next job application even stronger.
This past May, I relocated from San Francisco to New York for a job. A few weeks later, Mom called me. Her pursuit had finally paid off. She’s been offered a vice president position at a public health nonprofit in Oakland. A few weeks later, she packed up her baggage and left Connecticut for good.
Our lives are more semblable than ever these days. We’re both discovering our new homes, making friends. We’re looking for a good yoga studio to join, reading the same books and chatting about the plots by text message. I emailed her photos from my trip to Burning Man and she replied with stories about her new coworkers who go every year. There’s even time for the occasional dating disaster.
Perhaps that’s the paradox (悖论) of growing older. Things will always change, and they can change immediately—my mother is proof. But an individual’s own power to create change always stays the same. Everything can change, and therefore nothing ever really changes.
Now when I’m out west for a visit, Mom meets me at a station with her big bag. We stop by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking out the freshest seasonal ingredients, before hiking up the hill to her new apartment. One of these days, I’ll actually cook her dinner.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.The author spent all her childhood in California. |
B.The author’s father would like to play along streets. |
C.The author’s mother liked to use plates with map designs. |
D.In fact, the author’s father didn’t want to live in California. |
A.She always likes to struggle on her own. | B.Nothing can stop her from reaching her goal. |
C.She owns a public health nonprofit company. | D.She takes everything of her daughter on herself. |
A.Changeable. | B.Comfortable. | C.Similar. | D.Creative. |
A.The relationship between the author and her mother is very good. |
B.The author would not like to let her mother work on. |
C.The author and her mother live in the same city at present. |
D.The author would not like to change her life situation. |
A.her family’s life always change because of her mother |
B.the mother-daughter feelings will stay the same forever |
C.she has grown up during her family’s constant moves |
D.her mother always wants to change her current situations |
【推荐1】A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province,has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online. China Pharmaceutical University recently installed the systems in two pilot classrooms as well as school gates, dormitory entrances, the library and laboratory buildings.
Xu Jianzhen,director of the university's library and information center, told TbePaper.cn that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures. "In the past, some students just checked their attendance and ditched the class or asked other students to check the attendance for them. Now with facial recognition, that would no longer be a problem," be said. "The moment you enter the classroom, the camera will monitor you all the way through and can tell how long you lower your head, whether you're playing with a smart phone, whether you're dozing off or reading other books," he added.
The news has raised wide debate on Chinese social media, with many questioning if the cameras will violate students' privacy. A Sina Weibo user said: "I oppose such methods, and it is not clear whether the systems are developed by the school itself or by third parties. If it is the latter, is there any regulation of security? Where will the information be sent and stored?"
Gan Xiangsi, a senior student from the university, said she welcomed the systems being applied in dormitories and libraries as this can help prevent personal belongings being stolen,but it is not necessary to use such technology in the classroom. "If the teacher teaches well,the students will be interested," she said. "On the contrary, this kind of monitoring will make everyone feel resistant."
China Pharmaceutical University is not the first university to use facial recognition technology on campus. Many universities across the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety. But many are also hesitant when it comes to applying such technology in classrooms.
"This issue has been debated for quite a long time," Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, told China National Radio. According to Chu, teachers and students who are under observation might not behave as they normally would since they know they are being watched. "Cameras should not be installed in classrooms merely for effective teaching purposes," Chu said, as teachers are also being observed. He agreed that "students' privacy needs to be protected". He also said that not putting classrooms under control is an important principle. “If you don't follow this principle, students will falsify and disguise their state of listening,and teachers may also not perform as well. Then real teaching will not occur," he added.
1. Which of the following is NOT the function of facial recognition systems?A.To help check student attendance. |
B.To help monitor student behavior. |
C.To help ensure student safety. |
D.To help protect student privacy |
A.abandon | B.attend |
C.dislike | D.enjoy |
A.favorable | B.indifferent |
C.unfavorable | D.neutral |
A.To introduce the function of facial recognition systems. |
B.To express his preference for facial recognition systems. |
C.To express his strong dislike for facial recognition systems. |
D.To introduce people's different attitudes to facial recognition systems. |
【推荐2】For years, I was in the rat race, my sense of wonder lost. Gardening was my antidote (解毒药). It gave me time to stop, listen and absorb all the little details that nature has to offer—nurturing the earth, plants and myself to fight against the aggression and tiredness of everyday working life.
I quit my job and had a vision for my company. I wanted others to find the comfort that my garden gave me. Now, I watch my clients experience their own transformations. A corner that was once an unwelcoming place of weeds is a child's play area; a lonely person has an inspiring, evolving view.
Gardening requires us to be present in the moment, while also imagining the future. You may see a beautiful flower and surprise for a minute at the magic of nature. Some flowers last for a day, others for a season. Some come back year after year. Seasons pass and you become connected to the changes in life in a deeper, more spiritual way. This builds acceptance.
Where there once may have been beauty, there might now be an empty space and a deep sense of sadness... But gardening brings hope—we can create something beautiful again and that space will no longer be bare.
Hope is one of many emotions stirred by gardening. Whether you're growing vegetables to eat, planting tiny seeds or tending flowers, there is always a great sense of satisfaction at the end of a session. How you choose to garden is deeply personal to you—it's about creating something fruitful, alone or with others.
The key is to have a vision, ideas and bright hopes for the future.
1. What does the underlined phrase "the rat race" refer to?A.The fierce race among rats. | B.The tiredness of the family. |
C.The competitive working life. | D.The bad relationship with neighbors. |
A.It helps to develop a take-it-as-it-is attitude. |
B.It relieves anxiety about losing the job. |
C.It releases her loneliness and depression. |
D.It teaches her a lot of sowing knowledge. |
A.It's beautiful. | B.It's rewarding. |
C.It's depressing. | D.It's cooperative. |
A.Gardening for Fun | B.A Sense of Wonder |
C.Sowing Seeds of Hope | D.A Vision for the Future |
【推荐3】One man’s white bread is another man’s green vegetables.
That’s the key from The Personalised Diet, a new book from Israeli authors Eran Segal and Eran Elinav. The authors say it’s time to admit to ourselves that one-size-fits-all diets don’t work, and when it comes to nutrition,it’s about doing what works best for your body, not catching the latest diet fashion.
“For years,we’ve been trying to search for that silver-bullet diet and we’ve been miserably failing,” Segal said. “And that’s because the best diet for each person really has to be tailored to that individual.”
They conducted a personalised nutrition project at Weizmann, where hundreds of volunteers agreed to have their blood sugar tested after meals. One participant in the study, a woman named Ruti, said she was surprised that it was tomatoes -- not ice cream or candies -- that were raising her blood sugar level. Ruti recalled, “I have now significantly reduced my intake of tomato and I’m feeling much more energetic, which still surprises me. I have already lost a couple of pounds, and I have high hopes that I have finally found the answer to my weight struggle, too.”
The Israeli scientists found that some people can consume traditionally unhealthy foods with little or no rise in their blood sugar levels, while others have a stronger response, and therefore shouldn’t eat those foods. It’s those kinds of results that you can only find from a personalised diet.
“What we were surprised to find out was just like any other food, there is no such thing as good bread,” Elinav said. “The response to bread was completely individualised.”
1. What is suggested in the first sentence?A.Everyone has their own tastes. |
B.Nutrition serves your body best. |
C.People’s response to the same food is different. |
D.The latest diet doesn’t fit each person. |
A.A diet that is low in fat. |
B.A diet that begins a new diet trend. |
C.A diet that works best for everyone. |
D.A diet that provides all the nutrition. |
A.eat much fewer tomatoes |
B.control their blood sugar levels |
C.struggle for weight loss constantly |
D.eat according to his or her blood sugar level |
A.To advise people not to eat unhealthy food. |
B.To stress the need of the personalised diet. |
C.To explain the popularity of white bread. |
D.To show the importance of good bread. |
We’ve all seen the little kids—losing temper in the toy store, screaming in restaurants and generally making a scene in public. For their parents, giving in to a kid’s monstrous behavior helps to end the mess and gain some peace and quiet, and this is where overindulgence begins.
According to Kathy Webb, a psychotherapist in Brunswick, overindulgence is the result of parents’ beliefs. A lot of overindulging parents believe their children should be happy all the time, which is the reason why the parents try to avoid conflict at all costs. They also hold that overindulgence equals love, but experts insist that being overly permissive and indulgent is not a healthy kind of love.
Overindulgence can create a myriad of wrong attitudes and behaviors in children. When overindulged, children develop unrealistic expectations which do not serve them as they grow. Healthy parenting, Webb said, means giving children unconditional love, quality time, healthy discipline and respect for what is appropriate. “Healthy parents promote good values and use everyday life experiences to teach their children,” she said.
Many parents don’t intentionally overindulge, but fail to follow through on consequences. “Consequences help children develop their own self-guidance skills,” Webb said. “Without consequences, children never learn to discipline themselves.”
But parents who have overindulged shouldn’t just throw up their hands and walk away from the situation, feeling like failures. There are steps that can be taken to turn family life around. “All is not lost,” Webb said. “You just have to take it step by step.” Identifying problems and what can be done to correct them are the first steps. This is where parents might want to invest in some counseling or parent coaching and refer to some parenting books.
Such parents should also manage to regain proper parental power. In some families, overindulging parents are acting like peers, not parents. Consistency is also important—children often imitate the behavior they see from their parents. “Say what you mean and mean what you say,” Webb said. It seems that all it takes is one raised eyebrow and a very stern look to stop the misbehaviour. But Webb believes what really grounded her children is their inclusion in the family’s life, not just the fun stuff like vacations and outings. They should also be taught to clean house, cook, and do laundry.
1. What do overindulgent parents believe?2. What is healthy parenting according to Webb?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To relieve overindulgence, parents can take certain steps such as acting like kids’ peers and ensuring consistency.
4. Share one parenting method that benefits your growth and explain why.(In about 40 words)
【推荐2】Adolescence is a crucial period when the subject experiences a process of growth, the development of his own personality, and the discovery of himself.
They are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see they are annoyed.
Disillusionment(幻灭感) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory,
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian(专制的) attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt while
A.in contemporary societies we tend to go to the other extreme. |
B.They may even accuse them of disloyalty or make some spiteful remarks. |
C.which almost eliminated the disillusionment via sincere talks. |
D.But how do parents feel about their kids’ independence shown out? |
E.adolescents came to terms with their unreasoning demands. |
F.that it can hardly stand up to a realistic evaluation. |
G.the child was developing valuable powers of observation and judgment. |
【推荐3】School leavers are entering the workplace lacking basic skills such as punctuality, manners and the ability to hold conversations, according to employers.
A survey of business leaders found that many believed teenagers struggled to adapt to the most basic entry level jobs because of an inability to perform simple tasks.
According to the study by Barclays(one of the main banks in Britain), more than half of the companies (fifty-five percent) claimed school leavers struggled to manage conversations properly when asked to call customers or suppliers.
More than four-in-ten of those quizzed - forty -three percent - said young people failed to properly understand how long to take for breaks or how often to take them.
The same proportion also warned that teenagers struggled to appreciate when it was inappropriate to use their mobile phone in the workplace.
In total, one -in - five businesses said young people were “not ready” for entry level jobs-low-ranking roles that do not require any previous experience.
The conclusions in a study by Barclays follow a report from the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Social Mobility this month that said schools needed to place a greater emphasis on the “soft skills” that children require in the work place such as toughness, empathy and self-control.
The report recommended giving all pupils a school leaving certificate - in addition to straight exam grades - to mark out their achievements in extra-curricular activities and work experience placements where children are most likely to hone their non-academic skills.
As part of the Barclays study, researchers interviewed 500 personnel chiefs from small and medium-sized businesses about skill levels displayed by school leavers.
Some eleven percent said young people struggled to dress properly or present themselves in the workplace while nine percent said they had problems writing an email.
Kirstie Mackey, head of Barclays LifeSkills, a programme established to help prepare secondary school children for the workplace, said: “What’s missed in careers education has become ever more noticeable.
“Not only are young people struggling to gain the confidence to carry out tasks, but businesses don’t believe they have the skills for entry level roles. This problem needs to be addressed.
1. A school leaving certificate is suggested to ________.A.show students’ soft skills |
B.show students’ exam grades |
C.honor students’ good social skills |
D.encourage students’ personal achievement |
A.Small businesses demand lower skill level. |
B.It was unnecessary to learn how to write emails |
C.Young employees should be careful about their clothing. |
D.It was proper to exchange presents with other workers. |
A.career education | B.businesses’ demand |
C.young people’s attitude | D.the Barclays LifeSkills program |
A.Teenagers work hard to perform simple tasks |
B.School Leavers lack skills needed in workplace |
C.Employers help students improve basic skills |
D.Businesses offer more basic entry level job |