Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(别扭的)hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows(肘)next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.
Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:
●power tools rather than having to use muscle power
●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight (See figure 1). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side
Figure1. Bend the tool, not the wrist
●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection of sizes-remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be of no use for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.
●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.
1. What is the best title for the passage？| A．Good tool Design for Women | B．Importance of Good Tool Design |
| C．Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries | D．Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection |
| A．It‘s kept close to the body. | B．It fully uses muscle power. |
| C．It makes users feel relaxed. | D．It will make users use less force |
| A．The effective use of the tool. | B．The way of operating the tool. |
| C．The proper design of the handle. | D．The purpose of bending the wrist. |
| A．the size | B．the edge | C．the shape | D．the position |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In the age of the Internet, everyone writes. First of all, remember: the most important thing in any written messages is simplicity. It doesn’t matter how intellectually wise you are.
Use strong words
The film flows by itself, whether you are aware of what is happening on the screen or not. A book, on the other hand, requires the brain to be active from beginning to end. Read a variety of books—your writing and cognitive skills increase automatically when you read a lot.
Start a diary
A diary is not only a great tool for reflection but can also be your rough draft for polishing your writing. Not only can you write in a journal, but you can do sketches, draw visual diagrams and create tables. Before going to bed, you can describe in a diary all the things that happened to you during the day.
Choose a topic
Of course in the case of the diary, it can just be automatic writing, but if you don’t want to turn your whole life into a structure, you need boundaries. When you choose a topic, you direct your focus to one subject and try to find a lot of interesting things about it.
| A．Read a lot. |
| B．Write by hand. |
| C．It is only important that people understand you. |
| D．To improve your writing skills, you should speak a lot. |
| E．However, a strong word doesn’t always mean complex. |
| F．In doing so, try to figure out which words and phrases fit better. |
| G．Good writing advocates unpredictability and unexpectedness. |
【推荐2】As we age, we find our mind is easily distracted.
●Mindfulness
“Practising mindfulness has been shown to rewire the brain so that attention is stronger in everyday life,” says Kim Willment, a neuropsychologist of Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
●Cognitive training
Computerized cognitive training games aim to improve your response time and attention. “The goal of playing these games is not to get better at them, but to get better in the cognitive activities of everyday life,” Willment says, “
●A healthier lifestyle
Many aspects of a healthy lifestyle can help attention. Start with exercise and sleep. When you exercise, you increase the availability of brain chemicals that promote new brain connections, reduce stress, and improve sleep. When you sleep, you reduce stress hormones that are harmful to the brain.
| A．What happened to the laser-sharp focus we once enjoyed |
| B．And you clear out proteins that injure it |
| C．If you reach a certain level of sustained attention |
| D．Then what are the strategies to improve attention |
| E．Once you master the skills of playing these games |
| F．And you have a more comprehensive way of thinking |
| G．She recommends sitting still for a few minutes each day |
【推荐3】A long time ago, being happy was considered to be something that just happened, and there was nothing special about it. But now we know that getting along with other people is something that we can work at. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better. One way is being unselfish (无私的), not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people. It is surprising how successful this treasure hunt (珍宝) can be.
You don’t have to be spineless (软弱的) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Being friendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character.
You can not expect to be perfect, and so you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like—selfishness, laziness, and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.
At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why, and look at yourself, too. To be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislike you. Some day, things may turn out all right, then you will have to learn to get along the best with situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.
1. Which is one of the two ways the writer suggested for us to get along with others?| A．To look for treasure in order to be successful. |
| B．To draw attention of our friends. |
| C．To pay more attention to others’ good points. |
| D．To demand the best share of everything. |
| A．Avoid arguing with other people. | B．Be polite and friendly. |
| C．Give up some rights. | D．Try to change his or her character. |
| A．refuses to learn from their faults |
| B．is very happy about his unpleasant quality |
| C．is no better than others |
| D．is selfish and lazy |
| A．show you the way to be happy |
| B．teach you how to be popular among your friends |
| C．train you to be a perfect person |
| D．tell you how to act when you dislike a person |
【推荐1】Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to a California District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a person holding a valid state teaching credential for the grade being taught”.
What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family has gone into proceedings that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes a sound education. “For decades we’ve been happily homeschooling, and then this comes up suddenly,” says Mary Griffith, a homeschooling parent. Griffith says California had traditionally given homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for their child.
This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private school independent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, the children were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right to homeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith says if the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children in off-site homeschooling. “This won't be far-reaching for homeschooling parents."
That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like to keep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith says the legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for this particular family, it should not set a precedent for all.
What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to Darren A. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it is common for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists. “A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend across the nation.’’
1. In Griffith’s opinion, ________.| A．parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children |
| B．a child must be schooled by an expert with a credential |
| C．homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole country |
| D．it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children |
| A．parents happily homeschool their children |
| B．parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children |
| C．a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credential |
| D．a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family |
| A．To avoid the abuse charges against them. | B．To receive the better education in it. |
| C．To break away from their parents. | D．To cooperate with the expert’s jobs. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Sympatric. | C．Negative. | D．Objective. |
【推荐2】Elephants born without tusks(长牙) normally make up just 2 to 6 percent of the herd population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that might be just a coincidence(巧合), Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory.
The researcher thinks we may be witnessing an unnaturally evolution of the species due to the hunting of the elephants for their valuable tusks. Unlike our permanent teeth, tusks of elephants grow throughout the animal’s life, becoming longer and thicker with age. For decorative purposes, poachers usually first target older males due to their impressive tusks, and females are not spared either. As a result, in areas where hunting goes unchecked for long, the number of tuskless females increases. This allows them to gain a biological advantage, resulting in a larger than average population of female offspring (后代)with no tusks.
Poole believes this phenomenon explains the rise in the number of tuskless females at Gorongosa National Park. The researcher says before the war, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of the elephants had been slaughtered for tusks to help finance weapons and meat to feed the soldiers. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of the females had no tusks. Hence, it is not surprising that the park’s tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.
So far, the hunting has largely influenced female elephants. Poole explains, “Very few males are tuskless because males require tusks for fighting. Without tusks, males have a much harder time breeding and do not pass on their genes(基因) as often as tusked ones.” If the hunting of males for tusks continues at this pace, it could result in a generation of elephants with much smaller tusks.
1. How does the writer draw readers’ attention to the topic?| A．By comparing figures. | B．By offering explanation. | C．By giving an example. | D．By introducing an expert. |
| A．Illegal hunting. | B．Pure coincidence. |
| C．Natural evolution. | D．Effective protection. |
| A．Raised. | B．Protected. | C．Killed. | D．Trained. |
| A．The future of African elephants. |
| B．The protection of African elephants. |
| C．The increasing number of tuskless elephants. |
| D．The genetic consequence of hunting elephants. |
| A．Health. | B．Science. | C．Education. | D．Finance. |
【推荐3】Creators (创造者) say robot dolphins can swim happily in shopping mall display tanks and be watched closely, which would usually be harmful to real animals. And they could soon be coming to zoos in China.
A robot dolphin that can nod an answer to a child — thanks to the human operating from a distance — might not sound interesting. But as marine (海洋的) parks worldwide face increasing pressure to give up exhibitions with real whales and dolphins, the robot dolphins provide an interesting choice.
“The marine park industry has had a drop in income for over a decade due to the cost of live animals, but the public’s hunger to experience these animals is still as strong as ever,” said Roger Holzberg, former creative director at the Walt Disney Company. “We believe it’s time to reimagine this industry and that this can be kinder and earn more money.”
But with a price of about £20.8 million per dolphin, the biggest trouble to the creators is making sure that the robotic sea animals will be cheaper in the long run than the real thing. Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making out a case for the robots, said they did cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.
Mike Wang, vice president at Red Star Macalline Group, said it had started the first step of the dolphins’ development, and was considering founding a “lab” for their business in China.
The prototype (原型) for the dolphin is over 270 kg and can’t be discerned from the real thing — the condition Red Star Macalline required for starting the project. The test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin wasn’t real.
Animal rights advocates (倡导者) also welcomed the change. Elisa Allen, the UK director for People for the Good Treatment of Animals, said she hoped robot dolphins would replace real ones so that people could experience nature without harming them.
1. What do we know about the robot dolphins according to the text?| A．They can find danger. | B．They look better than real ones. |
| C．They work under human control. | D．They make automatic replies. |
| A．The challenges marine parks are facing. | B．The possibility of creating robot dolphins. |
| C．A way to the problems with sea animals. | D．The importance of developing robot dolphins. |
| A．Recognized. | B．Protected. | C．Separated. | D．Controlled. |
| A．It made more money for some organizations. | B．It served an environmentally valuable cause. |
| C．It helped make advances in robot technology. | D．It would replace real dolphins in the long run. |
【推荐1】The Spanish sun makes the beaches, the sea and nature glow in a special manner, which gave the place a name so meaningful: La Costa de la Luz ( The Coast of Light).
The charming “Costa de la Luz” is the guarantee(保证) for a dream-like holidays and one of the jewelleries of the Spanish beaches. Here you can sun-bathe till October. The friendly people make you want to come back. You’ll fall in love with beaches. Sand and wood surround the Coast. Behind them you discover the beauties of wild life in Donana National Park. If you stay in a hotel situated on the beach, and every morning you’ll be woken up by the breaking white waves and the sound of the birds.
In the year 711 the Muslims living in North Africa conquered (控制) almost the entire area of Spain. Traces of their culture and civilization are to be found in Sevilla, one of the oldest towns in Spain.
You’ll be delighted by the colorful view of the towns, which are filled with all kinds of flowers. For one of the best holidays in your life, don’t hesitate and choose Andalucia. You won’t regret it.
1. What makes Andalucia get the name of “The Coast of Light”?| A．Jewellery | B．Wood. | C．Sand. | D．Sun. |
| A．people bathing on the beaches | B．wildlife wandering on the beaches |
| C．friendly locals smiling to you | D．green trees surrounding the coast |
| A．recommend Andalucia as your holiday destination | B．introduce natural scenery of Andalucia |
| C．persuade people to remember Andalucia | D．promote traditions of Spain |
【推荐2】When you don’t have a car and need to get around, are you more likely to call for an Uber or Lyft, or a cab? Last Friday, Lyft — the ride-sharing company, went public as its stocks (股票) started trading on the market. Lyft has become the first big initial public offering of the “gig economy” age. While the company is not making profits yet, it is changing the meaning of work. What is gig economy and what makes it so appealing?
Gig works are independent contracts (合同) or part-time jobs such as Uber. In the gig economy, companies hire independent contractors instead of full-time employees. This is different from traditional companies where full-time workers hold a lifetime career. In the past, only small companies hired contractors, while today, employers like Amazon and Google rely on temporary workforce. These companies save costs as they are not legally required to provide healthcare benefits, retirement savings or paid time off to gig workers.
Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons. For some, it affords flexible timings and for otliers who are looking for full-time jobs, it provides a source of income to support themselves. Some people work a full-time job and supplement (补充) their salary with gig jobs such as driving for Uber or Lyft.
Joining the gig economy may be simple, but maintaining a steady career is easier said than done. Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads. You're your own boss. It sounds fun, but when you have no self-control and an unsteady job, you might splurge all your money the first week and live on bread pieces for the rest of the month! Besides a strong sense of responsibility, gig workers have to stay up to date to get companies to hire them.
Despite the challenges gig workers face, nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce. As this number grows, we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work!
1. What can be learnt about Lyft from the passage?| A．It has built up a large fortune. |
| B．It marks the arrival of gig economy age. |
| C．It employs a fixed number of full-time workers. |
| D．It appeals to people as a means of public transport. |
| A．People seeking for a steady income. |
| B．Those desperate to get paid vacations. |
| C．People in need of flexible working hours. |
| D．Those concerned about retirement accounts. |
| A．Spend money freely. | B．Deposit money automatically. |
| C．Earn money quickly. | D．Allocate money randomly. |
| A．Gig workers have to face some potential challenges. |
| B．Gig workers have to possess some much-needed qualities. |
| C．The appearance of gig companies will solve the job problems. |
| D．People should adjust to new work trends with the rise of gig companies. |
【推荐3】Personal safety is more than just avoiding dark streets at night. Having one of these gadgets at hand will help keep you out of harm’s way.
Heart Trinket Alarm
$9.99, from www. safe-girl. co. uk
It appears to be a shiny heart. However, inside the shell lies an alarm. If you feel threatened, pull the chain and instantly draw attention thanks to the warning sounds it sends out. Hang it from a bag, or use it as a key ring so it’s close to hand. Powered by two LR44 batteries, it has an “on-off” switch. Moreover, it’s not ugly, so fashion-conscious teens will be happy to use it.
Swam OM-DOORST Doorstop Intruder Alarm
$3.99, from www. maplin. co. uk
If you feel nervous about staying at home alone or arriving at a hotel and are concerned about safety, this device can help. Put the doorstop as close as possible to the closed internal door. Then if someone tries to force his way into the room, the door will push against the gadget and it will sound an alarm. It requires a DC 9V battery that isn’t included.
Walking Stick With Built-in Alarm & Light
$24.99, from www. betterlife. co. uk
This walking stick is height-adjustable and it’s foldable (可折叠的). In addition to aiding you in walking, it comes with several extras. For example, you’ll find a flashlight at the front of the stick — great if it’s dark and you want to see clearly. There’s also an alarm function — just press the button on the side if you want to draw attention.
WD My Passport Ultra
$49.99, from www. westerndigital. com
This device will help keep your documents safe. You can easily set passwords so others can’t access it. Even if it ends up in the wrong hands, they won’t be able to view what’s in the device. You can also back up your files. It transfers files quickly due to the USB3.0 port and is available with 1-3TB capacity (容量).
1. What should we do in order to sound the Heart Trinket Alarm?| A．Insert its key. |
| B．Pull its chain. |
| C．Push against it. |
| D．Press its button. |
| A．www. maplin. co. uk. |
| B．www. safe-girl. co. uk. |
| C．www. betterlife. co. uk. |
| D．www. westerndigital. com. |
| A．It appears to fashion-conscious teens. |
| B．It is powered by two batteries. |
| C．It is intended for the old. |
| D．It’s a space saver. |
| A．$3.99 | B．$9.99 |
| C．$24.99 | D．$49.99 |
【推荐1】Time flies, but the tracks of time remain in books and museums. This is what made a recent tragedy in Brazil even more terrible.
On Sept 2, a big fire broke out in the National Museum of Brazil, the oldest scientific institution in the country, in Rio de Janeiro. Two hundred years of work, research and knowledge were lost,‖ Brazilian President Michel Temer wrote on Twitter after the fire. It’s a sad day for all Brazilians.‖
Most of the 20 million pieces of history are believed to have been destroyed. Only as little as 10 percent of the collection may have survived, Time reported. Among all the items, there were Egyptian mummies, the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus, and an 11,500-year-old skull called Luzia, which was considered one of South America’s oldest human fossils.
Besides these, Brazil’s local knowledge also suffered. The museum housed world famous collections of local objects, as well as many audio recordings of local languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.
The tragedy this Sunday is a sort of national suicide(自杀). A crime against our past and future generations.‖ Bernard Mello Franco, one of Brazil’s best-known reporters wrote on the newspaper site.
The cause of the fire is still unknown, as BBC News reported on Sept 3. After the fire burned out, crowds protested(抗议) outside the museum to show their anger at the loss of the irreplaceable items of historical value.
According to Emilio Bruna, an ecologist at the University of Florida, museums are living, breathing places of who we are and where we’ve come from, and the world around us. Those insects pinned in a drawer, or those fish in a jar, or a feathered cape(斗篷) you might see in a display case – that represents a little piece of who we are as a people, as humans, as part of a greater world,‖ he told National Geographic.
Just as underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories.
1. What do we know from Brazilian President’s words on Twitter ?| A．He felt responsible for the fire of National Museum. |
| B．The museum is the oldest national scientific institution. |
| C．All Brazilians felt sorry for the fire that day. |
| D．The fire caused serious historical loss to Brazil. |
| A．Egyptian mummies. |
| B．The long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus. |
| C．Some audio recordings of local languages. |
| D．An 11,500-year-old skull called Luzia. |
| A．all the records of local knowledge were destroyed |
| B．the rate of suicide and crime was rising sharply |
| C．people protested against the abuse of power of the government |
| D．people of different walks of life showed their pity for the fire |
| A．Advertisement | B．News report | C．Campus life | D．Geography |
Norm was obviously very stricken by his wife’s passing but he was also very angry because he realized that other people were facing the same sorts of hardships．He wanted to do something but he didn’t want to give money to the charities(慈善机构)that support cancer research because he didn’t know how much of it would actually get to the researchers．What he did was start to hold parties．
About every three weeks on Saturday evenings there is a party in Norm’s garden．Neighbours，friends and relatives come and bring snacks and drinks；many bring instruments，there is music and lancing and at some point during the evening Norm tells about a family he has found who are having difficulties meeting the cost of supporting a cancer patient undergoing treatment far from home．Then a honey-pail is passed around and the money collected，every cent of it，goes directly to that family．
Norm’s passion to help the families of other cancer patients was born out of his grief but Norm’s personal loss has resulted in an act of kindness that honours the memory of the wife he has lost．He makes the world a better place．
1. What do we know about Norm’s wife?
| A．She died for lack of money． |
| B．She worked in a distant hospital． |
| C．She lost the battle against cancer． |
| D．She took good care of her family． |
| A．By giving money to charities． |
| B．By supporting cancer researchers． |
| C．By telling stories to his friends． |
| D．By raising money through parties． |
| A．snacks | B．drinks | C．honey | D．money |
| A．remember his wife | B．hide his anger |
| C．regain his personal loss | D．change the world |
【推荐3】Cecilia Chiang, the chef and restaurant owner, was greatly known for introducing regional Chinese dishes to the United States. She helped change the way Americans think about Chinese cooking.
Chiang was born into a wealthy Shanghai family with two full time chefs—one from the north and one from the south. In 1949 her family settled in Tokyo, opening a restaurant called the Forbidden City. But it was a 1960 trip in San Francisco that set Chiang on her dramatic journey to cooking fame. She was both shocked and amused by the food most Americans considered to be Chinese. "They think chop suey（杂烩）is the only thing we have in China," she said with a laugh, "What a shame."
So Chiang was determined to open a high-end Chinese restaurant that served authentic Chinese food. "Everybody said. ‘You cannot make it. You cannot speak English. You don't know anything,’" she recalled. In 1961 then. Chiang opened the Mandarin.
The restaurant wasn't immediately successful. About a year after opening, the Mandarin received a mention from the San Francisco Chronicle（旧金山纪事报）. The effect of the powerful writer's positive comment was immediate. Tourists, dignitaries and celebrities（达官显贵）—from Mae West to John Lennon—flooded into the Mandarin for then-unfamiliar food like tea-smoked duck and twice-cooked pork.
Though the Mandarin was closed years later, Cecilia Chiang's DNA can be found all over American Chinese food. Her son founded the chain P. F. Chang's and the son of one of her chefs founded Panda Express.
In early 2017, Chiang shared how she lived to be so old: "I always think about the better side, the good side of everything. I never think about, Oh, I'm going to fail. Oh. 1 cannot do this. Oh. I feel sorry for myself." Instead, Chiang wrote books, starred in a PBS documentary series and won the most famous award in American cooking when she was 93 years old.
1. Cecilia Chiang opened the Mandarin in order to________.| A．remember her 1960 trip in San Francisco |
| B．serve real Chinese food to the Americans |
| C．continue her family tradition of running restaurants |
| D．show her shock and amusement towards food |
| A．It is in the charge of Chiang's son now. |
| B．It wasn't successful until two years later. |
| C．It turned out pretty popular among Americans. |
| D．It changed the way Americans think about China. |
| A．Talented and active. |
| B．Ambitious and selfless. |
| C．Optimistic and creative. |
| D．Positive and determined. |
