A Beach in Bod-rum, Turkey, saw the horror of a human tragedy on Sept 2. A little boy, dressed in a red shirt and blue shorts, lay face down in the sand. Sadly, 3-year-old Alan Kurdi would never wake up again.
Alan drowned along with at least 12 Syrians, including his 5-year-old brother and mother. They were on a journey from Turkey to Greece. Trying to make their simple but dangerous dream of a safe home a reality, they paid with their lives. The tragic photographs of Alan’s lifeless body shocked the world. “What has drowned in the Mediterranean(地中海)is not only the refugees, but humanity,” said Turkish President.
Refugees, according to the UN, are people escaping war or persecution. Their situation is often so dangerous that they cross national borders to look for safety in nearby countries. The Kurdis wanted to head of Europe by crossing to the Greek island of Kos from Bodrum by boat.
The Kurdis’ tragedy was just one story from over 1,800 people who have died in the first six months of this year while trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe, according to statistics released by the United Nations. Migrants, however, are not necessarily refugees. A migrant may leave his or her country for many reasons apart from war, terrorism, and persecution. They may seek employment, life with their family, or study in another country.
European countries have taken different approaches to the crisis. Germany and France are opening their doors to more asylum(避难)seekers, those who say they are refugees but the status has not been decided by the UNHCR or a government. Other countries, such as Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, have been unwilling to take a large number of refugees for various reasons including economic problems and safety concerns.
1. What happened to the Syrian family in this article?A.A 3-year-old boy was killed in the war. |
B.Three of the family members died. |
C.12 people were drowned in the Mediterranean Sea. |
D.They reached the Greek beach successfully. |
A.treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a long period of time |
B.beating someone without any reason |
C.cheating someone purposefully |
D.saying or thinking bad things about someone or something frequently |
A.Migrants refer to people who leave their motherland for various reasons. |
B.The Kurdis left their motherland in order to get security in a new country. |
C.Throughout the world, over 1,800 refugees died in the first half of the year. |
D.Some countries are reluctant to accept refugees for their own reasons |
A.Delighted | B.Indifferent |
C.Intolerable . | D. Astonished |
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【推荐1】The set is simple: a little fabric, a chair, maybe some lowers. Its users are more complex (复杂的): an American mother who takes her children to visit their Mexican father every weekend, and a nine-year-old boy who wants to “have a memory of us together” before his father goes back to California. They pause what they’re doing, sit for a photo, and leave with a printed copy. Behind the camera is Alexia Webster, a South African photographer who sets up street studios around the world. At Studio Transfroriterizo, her project in Tijuana, Mexico, passing characters offer a look at life on the world’s busiest land border: Every day nearly 100,000 people legally crass from Tijuana to San Diego, California, at the San Ysidro border.
More than a decade, ago, Webster was photographing for the United Nations in a refugee (难民) camp in Kenya when a man told her he’d watched photographers visit for 15 years but didn’t have a single picture of himself or his family. Many of Webster’s subjects had escaped from war, leaving personal archives (档案) behind. One photo could help them rebuild. In 2011, with people to pose for a free session. She printed their pictures on the spot. “Primarily it’s for them, for their kids, their grandkids, their lovers, their friends,” she says. “It’s a record of who they are.” Webster has since put up studios in other places, from the streets of Mumbai, India to a refugee camp in South Sudan.
She gives few instructions from behind the camera. “The idea of the project is for people to rebuild their archives and reaffirm their identity,” Webster says. “I like them to determine how they want their photo to be.”
1. What’s Alexia Webster’s job?A.Taking photos for passers-by. |
B.Rescuing children from the war zone. |
C.Selling cameras to travelers from America. |
D.Offering legal help to people crossing the border. |
A.In the US. | B.In Mexico. | C.In Kenya. | D.In South Afriea. |
A.To give passers-by a chance to get back the identity. |
B.To train young people to be professional photographers. |
C.To provide free legal consultation for families in need. |
D.To help refugees around the world to escape from war. |
A.Humorous. | B.Caring. | C.Demanding. | D.Romantic. |
【推荐2】New independent booksellers are setting up shops across Britain. In the 20 years after 1995, the number of bookshops dropped (减少) sharply, followed in 2016 with their number increasing. Having lost more than 1,000 bookshops in the UK, this turnaround (好转) was interesting. Then, in 2018, a total of 12 bookshops opened their doors for the first time.
In the summer of 2018, Sam Taylor came across a note in the window of an empty shop, asking locals what they would like to see in the space. Taylor wrote that he would open a bookshop. After careful consideration, Taylor and his wife Jessica Paul drew up a business plan, gave up their jobs, and opened their bookshop in September. “The community really supported the bookshop that was here before, so we knew that it could work,” says Taylor.
But why, given that prices are often slightly cheaper online, are people turning back to independent bookshops? “Locals really know the importance of an independent bookshop and what it brings to the community. I think it makes people stop and think: ‘actually I’m going to endorse my local shop, and this will improve our community as a whole,’ ” says Emily Ross, another bookseller.
“The threat (威胁) of online retails and e-readers exists, of course, but some booksellers do not necessarily consider them direct competition. We want people to know that bookshops aren’t highbrow (高雅的) places to visit,” says Ross.
However, it is sales of e-readers and e-books that have slowed, with the latter dropping by 17 percent in 2016 alone. It is possible that people decide that they already spend long enough staring at screen and then have no interest in doing anything else. By contrast, there was a 31 percent increase in the sales of hardback books in 2017. “There’s just no comparison to holding and smelling a book. Books are collectable things to have and keep,” says Ross.
1. What most probably drove Taylor to open a bookshop?A.His wife’s dream to own a bookshop. |
B.His wish to continue the tradition of the UK. |
C.His recognition of the locals’ need for a bookshop. |
D.His desire to raise young people’s interest in reading. |
A.Support | B.Recall | C.Trust | D.Leave |
A.Worried | B.Uncertain | C.Pleasant | D.Objective |
A.Some of them would were of poor quality. |
B.Much screen time might cause people’s tiredness. |
C.They offered fewer services than bookshops. |
D.They would result in poor memory. |
【推荐3】When the pandemic first hit, Maureen Schletzbaum had to find a way to sell her produce while avoiding human contact. Usually, she’d set up a booth (摊位) near Pleasantville, Iowa, where she and her daughter run Straw Hat Farms. But as COVID-19 continued to spread, Schletzbaum chose to go online. And orders flooded in.
The pandemic pushed farmers and producers online out of necessity. It also provided a big chance for online platforms, including Market Wagon, which allows farmers to sell directly to customers.
Founder and CEO Nick Carter said Market Wagon has scaled up over the past two years. But he said the change of buying and selling food online was unavoidable. “Everybody was going to choose to go shopping online at some point; it just was going to take time,” he said. “Customers’ habits change slowly. COVID just forced that.”
But e-commerce is more of a farmer’s tool, rather than a replacement for the traditional farmers market, says. Margaret Milligan, program coordinator for Buy Fresh, Buy Local Nebraska. The organization works for a few different farmers markets across Nebraska, none of which have seen a drop since c-commerce became popular. She said, “Online sales might also require more time finding and marketing to customers. There are also packaging, shipping, and transporting to consider when selling online.”
Besides, pandemic-driven supplies are making people interested in local food again. “I think people just wanted to more connected with who’s growing their food,” she said.
Online sales may attract a new group of customers, according to Carter. He said their data show the platform is reaching people who do not often go to farmers markets. “Rather than farmers. dropping out of the famers market or burning out, what they’re actually doing is scaling up beyond it,” he said.
1. How did Schletzbaum deal with her problem?A.By enlarging her farm. |
B.By selling her produce online. |
C.By renting several more booths. |
D.By canceling some online orders. |
A.People worry about how to sell farm products directly to customers. |
B.It is a long way to go for people to accept online shopping. |
C.Online platforms have difficulty in attracting customers. |
D.The pandemic speeded up the change in customers’ habits. |
A.The traditional farmers market will disappear someday. |
B.Sales of farmers markets sharply dropped recently. |
C.Selling farm products online needs a lot of effort. |
D.People paid little attention to local food. |
A.Farmers’ customer base is increasing. |
B.Many famers have quit the farmers market. |
C.A few local farmers have benefited from the platform. |
D.People who hardly use the Internet have no interest in online shopping. |
【推荐1】Recently, the harrowing farewell message appeared on the Internet, just three short sentences. “We are sure the army is capturing us now. We will see each other another day dear world. Bye.” It was signed “Fatemah”, the mother of Bana, a 7-year-old Syrian girl who got more than 200,000 Twitter followers as she and her family have documented their struggle to survive in war-ravaged Aleppo. And then, Bana’s Twitter account was abruptly deleted.
More than seventy years after a Dutch teenager penned the diary recording her family’s life hiding from the Nazis, Bana has become the Anne Frank of the Syrian civil war.
So when Bana’s online presence disappeared, her followers tweeted anxiously under the hashtag WherelsBana. Was this the end of her story? There was a sense of urgency and helplessness. Then, next afternoon, the account suddenly reappeared. Fatemah tweeted a bad message, “Under attack. Nowhere to go, every minute feels like death. Pray for us.” They were alive; their story continued.
It wasn’t the first time that the family had tweeted from the edge of death.
Several days later, another message arrived from Aleppo, more hopeful this time. Bana tweeted, “I am getting better without medicine with too much bombing. I miss you.” Then hours passed, and Bana’s account was silent as her followers tweeted prayers. The world watched on screens, waiting for her name to reappear.
1. What happened to the 7-year-old girl ?A.She sought help on the Internet. | B.Her Twitter account was suddenly removed. |
C.She was being caught by Nazis. | D.Her life was threatened at any moment. |
A.To show how cruel the Syrian civil war was. |
B.To show sympathy for the unlucky family in Syria. |
C.To show the Syrian people were also being killed by Nazis. |
D.To accuse the Dutch government of ignoring its people’s life. |
A.Bana’s followers are always concerned about her fate. |
B.In Syria the Nazis have claimed as many lives as in Dutch. |
C.The Syrian civil war serves the interest of the Syrian people . |
D.American government is to blame for the fate of Bana’s family. |
A.Bana is of the same age asAnne. |
B.Bana’sfamily isthe same asAnne’s. |
C.Bana’s name issure to reappear on the Internet. |
D.Bana more than once narrowly escaped being killed. |
【推荐2】A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it’s not the story of Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a journal that spent decades stored away in a safe box. Now it’s coming off the press with the help of Renia’s niece and sister.
For a long time, Elizabeth Bellak didn’t even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. She was totally stunned that one day in her 50s, someone brought the diary to her. She began to read, but couldn’t get very far —the task proved too painful. Therefore, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think about it.
Alexandra Renia Bellak, Elizabeth’s daughter, who was named after her aunt, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As getting older, she became more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) some things from the past,” she thought.
Finally, Alexandra got the diary from its hiding place. She turned shocked after reading the first few pages. “It’s the description of a wonderful, intelligent girl who showed great courage in dire circumstances. My aunt’s world comes to life as the diary shifts between the daily concerns of a teenage girl and the war.”
Elizabeth and Alexandra are thrilled that Renia’s diary has been published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism (种族主义) and prejudice and hate that lead to active violence,” Alexandra says.
1. Why was Renia’s Diary unknown to the world for so many years?A.Alexandra was too afraid to read it. |
B.It was lost in the war and no one found it. |
C.The story is not as famous as Anne Frank’s. |
D.Elizabeth was emotionally stricken and hid the diary. |
A.Certain. | B.Serious. |
C.Mysterious. | D.Crucial. |
A.She was quite interested in World War II. |
B.She wanted to comfort her sorrowful mother. |
C.She wondered what had happened to her aunt. |
D.She planned to publish her aunt’s dairy in the future. |
A.Renia’s Diary coming off the press. | B.Renia’s miserable life and her diary. |
C.A girl fighting against the racism and hate. | D.The story of a Jewish family in World War II. |
【推荐3】Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time? Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice.
Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
1. From the passage we can learn that war now is ______.A.as bad as in the past | B.worse than in the past |
C.as necessary as in the past | D.not so dangerous as in the past |
A.Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. |
B.Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. |
C.At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. |
D.People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. |
A.Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness. |
B.It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war. |
C.Not every ideology is not worth fighting for. |
D.It is wrong to follow any ideology. |
A.War or No War, That Is A Question |
B.Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race |
C.Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration |
D.From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts |