Ohio—Lake Erie, the smallest of North America's five Great Lakes, supplies fresh drinking water to an estimated 11 million people in Ohio, Michigan and southern Ontario province, Canada.
Yet sometimes pollution, bath from industrial waste and farm-chemical run-off, leaves large areas of the lake covered in half-meter-thick layers of green slime. Scientists blame a lot of chemicals entering the water, which has caused pollution.
To find out where these extra nutrients come from, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has been studying data from its network of 14 water-quality monitoring stations installed along the rivers that flow into the Lake Erie basin.
At one point, water from the small stream is diverted into a pipe where it is pumped into the testing station.
We'll have 'a sample a day, year-round every day so that really pins down what the chemistry is like," says Dave Baker of Ohio's Heidelberg University, who takes charge of the monitoring stations for the Department of Natural Resources.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the federal government's pollution watchdog, requires point sources, such as factories, to monitor and report their discharges. So Baker is looking for where the other sources of pollution come from.
"If there are problems in Lake Erie, we want to know where it's coming from and make sure we're putting resources to solve the problem properly," Baker says.
In this case, a primary source of the pollution turns out to be chemical fertilizer that turn off farmland during rainstorms.
Because farmers believe fertilizers are essential to high crop yields, they would like to use them. However, the USDA's Natural Resource Conservation Service isn't asking them to abandon farm chemicals, but rather to use them more sparingly so they don't run off the land when it rains.
Another technique for reducing farm chemical pollution of Lake Erie is cover-crop farming. After the harvest, farmers plant a second quick-growing crop to reduce erosion. The deep-rooted plants, such as rye or turnips, help to cover the soil, allowing worms and fungi to work their magic and helping the soil to absorb more water and nutrients.
1. What is the problem with Lake Erie?| A．There are no fish in it. | B．There is little water in it. |
| C．The water is unfit to drink. | D．It contains a lot of chemicals. |
| A．The water-quality monitoring stations. | B．Natural Resource Conservation Service. |
| C．The Ohio Department of Natural Resources. | D．The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. |
| A．looks through | B．explains exactly | C．keeps a record of | D．shows clearly |
| A．Animal waste from nearby farms. | B．Waste water from a nearby factory. |
| C．Chemical fertilizers from the fields. | D．Pesticide farmers used to kill locusts. |
| A．prevent worms from eating crops | B．increase the harvest of the farmers |
| C．make full use of chemical fertilizers in the soil | D．keep the soil from being washed away |
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【推荐1】Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.
The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
1. Which of the following is true?| A．Diwali, one of the festivals in India, is not important to Idians. |
| B．The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history. |
| C．Dehli, once a constant reminder of the area’s history, has shrunk. |
| D．The government did nothing to protect its citizens against the pollution. |
| A．The parents whose children have to stay at home. |
| B．The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. |
| C．The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. |
| D．The officials who have to work out of their offices. |
| A．released | B．polluted | C．purified | D．restricted |
| A．Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi |
| B．Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble |
| C．Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi |
| D．Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi |
A new study found that light pollution is making the night sky brighter and the stars dimmer. Man-made lighting is the main cause, making the night sky about 10 percent brighter each year.
The result was a much faster rate of change than scientists had estimated. The research team gave an example to explain the result. If a child is born where 250 stars can be seen on a clear night, by the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars will be seen.
The researchers said they had hoped to see improvements in light pollution in recent years, because many urban centers have changed their lighting to be more energy-efficient. Towns and cities are replacing older streetlights with modern LEDS that are more carefully directed downwards, where the light is useful.
The hope was that if the light was better directed, the situation would get better. But there are many types of lighting — streetlights, decorative, advertising. So, with all these things combined — and possibly more lighting overall, we are making sky brightness worse. The relatively low cost of LED lighting is also contributing to the problem, that is, the cheaper and better the lighting, the higher society’s addiction to light.
Consequently, light pollution leads to a loss of universal human experience, a source of inspiration for art, science, literature. It also affects the routine of human as well as other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to position where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to position toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.
1. What causes light pollution?2. What are the negative effects of light pollution?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The sky brightness becomes worse because of more modern types of lighting being used and the lack of LED lighting.
4. Besides light pollution, what do you think is the most serious pollution in life? And explain its effects. (In about 40 words)
【推荐3】During the pandemic, masks and other forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) have become familiar fixtures of our daily lives. They have helped ensure the safety of ourselves and our loved ones. Yet, the improper disposal of PPE has contributed to a hazardous trend — the accumulation of medical waste and the littering of our planet.
Every month, we use nearly 129 billion masks. In a recent report, the United Nations found that from March 2020 to November 2021, around 87,000 tons of used masks and gloves have become non-disposable waste.
This is very worrying, as the waste traps animals and affects the health of our communities. When not properly discarded (丢弃), PPE waste may be blown into local rivers and streams or mistaken by birds as materials for building nests. It is harmful to the environment because most PPE is made from plastic fibers. These fibers can never fully degrade, and instead, break down into microplastics and nanoplastics that linger in our oceans.
At present, many healthcare facilities do not have systems that can deal with the increasing amount of medical waste. As a result, facilities have resorted to burning medical waste. This can put healthcare workers at a higher risk of catching the disease, and communities near landfills (废弃物品填埋场) can be influenced by the poisonous air from the burn pits.
Instead of traditional masks, the United Nations recommends using safe, biodegradable masks or washable cloth masks as an alternative. Sealing used masks and gloves in a separate bag and cutting mask straps before throwing them away can also prevent PPE from ending up in unintended locations, such as sewage systems on streets.
However, it is important to note that masks should not be placed in household recycling bins because most garbage collection systems in cities are unable to dispose of the materials. Ultimately, knowing how to responsibly discard our PPE can help us not only protect the environment but also ourselves and other individuals in our community.
1. What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Welcome. | B．Clear. | C．Dangerous. | D．Gradual. |
| A．Its amount is decreasing on an annual basis. |
| B．Its fibers can permanently stay in the ecosystem. |
| C．It can be burned by healthcare workers without pollution. |
| D．It can be degraded by the majority of healthcare facilities. |
| A．The components of the used masks should be recycled. |
| B．The used masks should be mixed with household trash. |
| C．The raw material of traditional masks should be reconsidered. |
| D．The community should build sewage systems to collect used masks. |
| A．To appeal to people to recycle. | B．To explain a social phenomenon. |
| C．To stress the importance of PPE. | D．To introduce an environmental problem. |
【推荐1】A new study has found that number-based board games (棋盘游戏) may improve the math abilities of young children, with the researchers encouraging further studies to see how these types of games can improve other developmental skills.
Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits for children of playing games in terms of improving social, reading and literacy (读写能力) skills. Now, researchers from Pontificia Universidad Católica, Chile, have examined how board games affect a child’s math abilities.
The researchers chose board games, specifically, because they are rules-based, and the moves and changes in the position of the pieces on the board affect the overall gameplay. As such, they fall into their own type of games, different from other games.
The researchers reviewed 19 studies published from 2000 onwards involving children aged three to nine. All but one of the studies focused on the effects of board games on numerical ability and mathematical knowledge.
The children were grouped according to whether they played a board game focused on numeracy skills (the intervention group) or one that did not (the control group). Math performance was assessed before and after the intervention. The researchers grouped the children according to their mathematical abilities, from basic number capability (identifying and naming numbers) to more advanced calculation (计算) skills in mathematics.
The researchers found that 32% of children in the intervention group showed obvious augment in basic and advanced math performance compared to those in the control group.
The researchers say that their study’s findings demonstrate that board games can be used to improve a child’s basic and complex math skills, with the potential to positively affect other developmental skills. “Future studies should be designed to explore the effects that these games could have on other developmental skills,” said Jaime Balladares, lead author of the study.
1. What did the researchers find in the previous study?| A．Playing games can boost kid’s social skills. |
| B．All games are helpful to children’s growth. |
| C．Children like the number-based games best. |
| D．Board games promote a child’s math ability. |
| A．Reading and literacy skills. |
| B．Directing and acting skills. |
| C．Numerical calculation ability. |
| D．Evaluation and review ability. |
| A．Argument. |
| B．Improvement. |
| C．Reduction. |
| D．Distraction. |
| A．He is not satisfied with the new study. |
| B．He encourages further studies of the games. |
| C．He is an expert in kids’ developmental skills. |
| D．He worries about the effect of playing games. |
【推荐2】Does this situation seem familiar to you? Your English is progressing well, the grammar is now familiar, the reading comprehension is no problem, you are communicating quite fluently, but listening is STILL a problem! First of all, remember that you are not alone. Listening comprehension is probably the most difficult job for almost all learners of English as a foreign language. The most important thing is to listen as often as possible. The first step is to find listening resources. The Internet is really a useful tool for English students. You can download The RealPlayer from RealMedia.com. The RealPlayer allows you to use the Internet like a radio station.
Once you have begun to listen on a regular basis, you might still be frustrated (受阻) by limited understanding. What should you do?
Here is some of the advice I give my students:
●Accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything.
●Stay relaxed when you do not understand, and try listening to the material for more times.
●Do not translate everything into your native language.
●Listen for the general idea of the conversation. Don’t concentrate on detail before you have understood the main ideas.
I remember the problems I had in understanding spoken German when I first went to Germany. In the beginning, when I didn’t understand a word, I insisted on translating it in my mind. This method usually resulted in confusion. Then, after the first six months, I discovered two extremely important facts. Firstly, translating creates a barrier between the listener and the speaker. Secondly, most people repeat themselves constantly. By remaining calm, I noticed that — even if I didn’t pay much attention, I could usually understand what the speaker had said.
1. The best way to improve our listening is to ______________.| A．practise as much as possible | B．find as many listening resources as possible |
| C．use the Internet like a radio station | D．speak naturally and read as much as possible |
| A．Try to understand everything. | B．Try to get the main ideas. |
| C．Pay much attention to details. | D．Translate each word in your mind. |
| A．To prove the importance of translating. |
| B．To show the problems of speaking a foreign language. |
| C．To tell us the importance of staying calm. |
| D．To point out an ineffective method of listening. |
【推荐3】A full-time nanny is employed by the parents to provide high quality childcare for their children and to undertake all tasks related to the providing of that care. Nannies provide childcare in the family's private home.
Full-time nannies with parents meet the physical, social, emotional and intellectual needs of the children. They typically do the children's laundry, keep the children's areas neat and clean, and prepare meals and snacks for the children. Depending on the age of the child and the family's needs, the nanny may be responsible for bathing the child, transporting the child to activities and assisting the child with homework.
Since nannies work in the private home and serve as caretakers, and educators, nannies must be trustworthy. Nannies are often hired so that parents can fulfill their personal and professional tasks. For this reason, nannies must be dependable and reliable.
Full-time nannies work on average 40 to 60 hours per week and may live with the family as live-in nannies. For parents who hire a live-in nanny, at minimum they should provide a separate bedroom and bathroom and all meals and snacks. One of the benefits of nanny care is that the parents set the nannies weekly schedule. Nannies are typically required to have some scheduling flexibility.
Nanny employers must pay what is commonly referred to as the nanny tax, which includes social security taxes and medicare taxes, total about 7.65% of the nanny's wages. The other federal tax is referred to as FUTA. It is the Federal Unemployment Tax. State unemployment taxes may also apply and vary from state to state.
In addition to nanny employer taxes the nanny is responsible for her share of the FICA taxes. Nannies are responsible for paying their own income tax payments, however many employers agree to manage the payments for them.
1. What does a full-time nanny usually do?| A．She must avoid dealing with her private secrets. |
| B．She should provide excellent care for the family. |
| C．She must be able to communicate well with parents. |
| D．She should do all the tasks connected with childcare. |
| A．The nanny should stop the kid from eating snacks. |
| B．The parents must prepare every meal for the nanny. |
| C．The nanny should be a person with education. |
| D．The parents must take responsibility for the nanny. |
| A．Work at most 8 hours a day. | B．Get your private space. |
| C．Work seven days a week. | D．Have no time of your own. |
| A．The nanny must pay such a tax according to her wages. |
| B．The tax almost covers one-fifth of the nanny's wages. |
| C．The employers should pay the nanny tax for nannies. |
| D．The tax is said to be the highest of all walks of life. |
【推荐1】Emoji (表情符号) might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign(运动) is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set — the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be added to Unicode.
“Approximately up to one third of the world’s population are exposed to earthquakes,” explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”
Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert (警告) on digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself,” explains Dr. Hicks. “That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don’t want too much wording in the warning message.”
Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”
The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emoji — an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.
1. The campaign wants to add earthquakes emoji to Unicode because .| A．earthquake threaten many people in different regions |
| B．earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji |
| C．earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring |
| D．earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world |
| A．paying for |
| B．entering for |
| C．arguing for |
| D．caring for |
| A．Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot. |
| B．Emoji is being used to send valuable information. |
| C．Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages. |
| D．Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication. |
| A．Could an Emoji save our life? |
| B．What can Emoji do in our daily life? |
| C．How is Emoji changing our life? |
| D．Do we really know about Emoji? |
【推荐2】The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth.
Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises go slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, and each kind is slightly different from the other.
Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises were around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, crews would seize as many tortoises as they could. They would roll the tortoises onto their backs when they were brought onto the ships. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100,000 tortoises were carried off in this way.
The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived, bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkeys and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs, dogs and cats ate thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs or even any baby tortoises.
Finally, in the 1950s, scientists decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to remove as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could from the islands. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born; This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.
1. What makes the Galapagos Islands unusual?| A．The biggest islands in the Pacific Ocean. |
| B．Rocky, lonely spot. |
| C．The giant tortoises. |
| D．Many homes for tourists. |
| A．Tortoises weigh a hundred pounds. |
| B．Tortoises move around very fast. |
| C．There are different kinds of tortoises. |
| D．Tortoises are larger than the ones in other places. |
| A．People cooked them as food. |
| B．Scientists took measures to protect them. |
| C．Pigs, dogs and cats ate many baby tortoises. |
| D．Settlers brought other tortoises to the islands. |
| A．Tortoise eggs were kept in safe containers. |
| B．The animals ate the tortoises’ food and eggs. |
| C．The tortoises continued to wander freely. |
| D．The tortoises fought against the other animals. |
| A．The tortoises began to disappear gradually. |
| B．The number of tortoises began to decrease. |
| C．Scientists took away other animals off the islands. |
| D．There are more and more giant tortoises on the islands. |
【推荐3】Walter Peak High Country Farm, on the western shores of Lake Wakatipu is famous in history. Its sheltered bays were used as camping sites by Maori travelling to the Mararoa and Oreti Rivers on Moa hunting and gathering expeditions.
Things to do
Situated on picturesque Lake Wakatipu’s wester shores, the farm is the perfect place to spend a few relaxing hours. The Farm Tour itself is a wonderful experience for the whole family, with something to keep everyone entertained and happy. Our rural host will meet you after you leave the steamboat and take you for a walking tour of the farmyard. The first stop is the holding to help feed the sheep and deer, and even get up close to the Scottish highland cattle. Then walk slowly through the lakeside gardens to the charming Colonel’s Homestead for morning or afternoon tea. Afterwards the farmer will lead you over to the shearing shed (剪羊毛棚) where you can watch the farm dogs rounding up sheep on the hills, and see the farmer cut the wool off a sheep. You will then board the steamboat for your cruise back to Queenstown.
Ticket Information
Child Ticket $ 22. 00
Adult Ticket $ 77.00
Visitor Information
Opening Time: 10 a.m.
Closing Time: 4 p.m.
Additional Information
All tickets purchased at MyFun must make a booking at +64-3441—8166. Please mention your My Fun barcode (条形码) number when making your booking. Please print out your voucher (收据) and take along with you to the attraction. Tickets are valid for 12 months from the date of purchase.
1. What can you do during the Farm Tour?| A．Ride on the farm. | B．Feed the chicken. |
| C．Have morning tea. | D．Cut the wool off a sheep. |
| A．$99. | B．$ 121. |
| C．$ 176. | D．$198. |
| A．Call +64-3441-8166 to print out your voucher. |
| B．Take the voucher to the Farm. |
| C．Tell the Farm your MyFun barcode number. |
| D．Use the tickets after a year. |
【推荐1】At Mrs. Jennings’ handsome house, in London.
While waiting for dinner, Marianne Dashwood wrote a letter very quickly. Elinor Dashwood noticed a large “W” in the address. Marianne rang the bell to have someone post it immediately.
After dinner, there was a loud knock at the door. Marianne cried, “Oh, it’s Willoughby!” and seemed to throw herself into his arms when Colonel Brandon came in. She was so surprised that she immediately left the room.
Elinor made the tea for Colonel Brandon. He did not stay long.
The next morning, upon arriving at home after shopping, Marianne flew upstairs.
“No letter has been left here for me since we went out. How strange!” she said, in a low and disappointed voice.
About a week later, they saw Mr. Willoughby’s card on the table when they came in from morning’s drive. He had been there while the ladies were out.
“He will call again tomorrow,” said Elinor.
Marianne decided to stay behind the next morning, when the others went out. One look at her sister when they returned was enough to tell Elinor that Willoughby had not called.
Colonel Brandon came again to tea and had short private conversation with Elinor.
“Your sister’s engagement to Mr. Willoughby is very well known.”
“It cannot be well known,” returned Elinor, “for her own family does not know it.”
“I am sorry but I did not realize it was a secret. I came to ask, is everything decided? Is it possible to? Excuse me, Miss Dasnwood. I believe I have been wrong in saying so much.”
From these words Elinor was sure of something, yet she knew he could never be successful with her.
Over the next three or four days, Willoughby neither came nor wrote.
One evening at a party, Marianne suddenly saw Willoughby standing in deep conversation with a young woman, whose name was Grey, a rich lady.
“He is there! Oh! Why does he not look at me? Why can’t I speak to him?”
“Marianne,” said Elinor, “perhaps he hasn’t seen you yet.”
At last he came to them.
“Willoughby, what’s wrong? Did you not get my letters? Won’t you look at me?”
After a moment’s pause, he spoke. “I came by last Tuesday but unfortunately did not see you. My card was not lost, I hope.”
“Have you not received my notes?” cried Marianne. “Tell me, Willoughby; tell me, what’s the matter?”
Quiet and embarrassed, he said nothing more and turned quickly away to Miss Grey. Marianne, turning white and unable to stand, fell into her chair.
1. Before the party, Marianne badly desired .| A．to write a letter to Willoughby | B．to receive Willoughby's card |
| C．to be visited by Willoughby | D．to be invited by Willoughby |
| A．Marianne’s love for Brandon | B．Brandon’s love for Marrianne |
| C．Willoughby’s love for Marianne | D．the Dashwoods’ love for money |
| A．He didn’t call Marianne until the party to give her a surprise. |
| B．He was too shy to declare in public his deep love for Marianne. |
| C．He was already on the side of another woman with more money. |
| D．He felt disappointed that Brandon was between him and Marianne. |
| A．More selfish than kind. | B．More strong than weak. |
| C．More calm than impatient. | D．More sensitive than sensible. |
【推荐2】When we talk about positive thinking, we often use terms having to do with our hearts — open heart, pure heart or joyful heart. But new research from Duke University is making a closer connection, finding that a positive attitude may be helpful to people who have angina (心绞痛)，a common heart condition.
Symptoms of this condition include chest pain or pressure because the heart is not receiving sufficient oxygen. Patients who displayed optimistic thought patterns, including having positive expectations about recovery, were 40 percent less likely to be hospitalized or require surgery than those who were not optimistic, according to the study. The researchers collected data from 2,400 patients who had diagnoses of angina.
An interesting additional finding from the patients' questionnaires was that the most optimistic patients were also the least likely to have histories of heart attack, heart failure or heart disease.
The researchers did not declare a causal relationship between positive thinking and better heart disease outcomes, however. There are multiple possible reasons for the results of the study, including the idea that patients who are healthier to begin with are more likely to expect to recover and regain good health.
But the study does represent a new way of looking at the situation. Now, in addition to a body of research that examines the relationship between depression and heart health, there is a new way of inquiry that asks whether positive thinking could be used as a strategy to improve outcomes.
Lead researcher Alexander Fanaroff, a fellow in the department of cardiology (心脏病学) at the Duke University Medical Center, told the Duke Chronicle that his next research question will find ways to improve attitudes among heart patients.
Perhaps his subjects could reflect on the word of the writer Anthony J. D'Angelo: "Smile, it is the key that fits the lock of everybody's heart."
1. How can people with angina get better according to the study?| A．By expecting more. | B．By thinking positively. |
| C．By getting timely surgery. | D．By taking more exercise. |
| A．To explore how to improve patients’ attitudes. |
| B．To find out the ways to treat heart patients. |
| C．To learn the causes of heart diseases. |
| D．To test if positive attitudes help with health. |
| A．Optimistic people hardly get heart attack. |
| B．People's attitudes decide their overall health. |
| C．How positive thinking benefits heart health is unclear. |
| D．The reason why patients recover well is that they have no depression. |
| A．Keep positive to get rid of illness |
| B．Angina, a kind of serious condition |
| C．Depression, a key cause of heart attack |
| D．Positive thinking makes hearts healthier |
Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffany’s, starring Audrey Hepburn. She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany’s with a pastry and coffee in your hand, as Audrey Hepburn does in the film. She looks so elegant, wearing simple but beautiful dresses, big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck. Audrey Hepburn still influences women’s fashion with her “Tiffany’s look”.
In more modern times, the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction, made in 1994. Her style was very simple. Her black trousers, crisp white shirt and hair style was copied by women in the world.
Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing. The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion. It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi, who wore beautiful silk kimonos (和服), and it won an Oscar for Costume Design. Many travel companies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips” to Japan. The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos. It is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions, but at various social events. The fashion is also beginning to spread to Western countries.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
| A．Films and fashion. | B．Stars’ fashion. |
| C．Influential films. | D．Film cultures. |
| A．Zhang Ziyi. | B．Audrey Hepburn. |
| C．Uma Thurman. | D．Marlon Brando. |
| A．One can be active by wearing black. |
| B．One can be elegant by dressing simply. |
| C．One can be famous by looking perfect. |
| D．One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany’s. |
| A．The popularity of the Chinese actress. |
| B．The worldwide reading of Geisha stories. |
| C．The recovery of interest in kimonos. |
| D．The “geisha trips” to social events. |
