【推荐1】If you’re a fan of football, you might have wondered how it began. I went to Atherstone, a town in the heart of England, to see the _______ of the game. It takes place _______ on Shrove Tuesday, and if you had lived there eight hundred years ago, you would have _______ exactly the same game being played.

_______ the game, all the shopkeepers in the town’s main street, Long Street, _______ their shops to make way for the event. At half past two, sweets and coins were thrown out of the windows of Barclays Bank to local _______ waiting below. Like every year, they were given the day off school _______. After children moved back from the centre of the street, men and boys _______ instead. The crowd began a countdown. At three o'clock, a ball too heavy to kick very far was _______ from Barclays Bank too. For the next two hours, the ________ would be a moving mass of bodies, all fighting to ________ the ball.

The men who ________ are usually from Atherstone, or from nearby. Players often work ________, in family groups or pub connections, but there aren’t any official ________. The game itself has only two ________: play is limited to Long Street and participants are not allowed to ________ anyone. To begin with, the players were a little ________, but as the time progressed, things got serious. When the final whistle sounded at 5:00 pm, the winner, who had ________ to hold the ball until the end, was found from the bottom of a pile of men. After the fierce contest, his T-shirt had been completely ________. One player suffered a head injury and others had black eyes and slight injuries. ________, everyone was happy.

【推荐2】The other day I shared knowledge on several aspects of Hindi (印地) culture with you. Today I'm hoping to paint a better picture of _______ it means to give in Hindi and how their generosity (慷慨) differs from _________ of Western culture.

I was _________ when we learned the word “thank you” doesn't really exist in Hindi. In the mountains, it is _________ used, and people often seemed _______ when we tried to thank them. They _________ either turn their heads, or shake their hands at us.

When we asked our Indian friends why this is so, they ___________ that giving and generosity are vital parts of their culture. Giving is more of a _________ of “changing hands “than an act of generosity. In their eyes, the foods they would give us were _________ really “theirs”. They see them as something passed along to them and now they are __________ passing them along to us.

The villagers were eager to __________ their best cucumbers to a passing stranger. __________, people in the U. S. tend to ____________ old, used, or unwanted things __________ their treasured ones.

__________, during a coffee break, a friend told me about how he donated his __________ clothes and shoes -just for the __________ of giving up the possessions he likes most. Giving is ____________ Westerners can certainly do. We can practice __________ giving away the things we value most-not only actual physical possessions, but also perhaps even more __________,our time and attention.

【推荐3】My father, a soldier, was ordered to move again. It came as a _____________   because we had     just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before.

It was the fourth time we’d got to move to a ___________   place in just two years, which was truly our “home” in Hawaii that we’d only _________________   through my father’s music with ukulele     (尤克里里)._________ was the thing that connected my father with Hawaii, a reminder of his home and_______.

Everything was   _________________   this time. We   were just arriving,   but he was already   ___________ to   leave again   without   us. Our father,   the person who could make   us _________   the “new”   family, was gone.   Suddenly, we   were surrounded   by cousins who ___________   knowing each   other, joining in   a cultural   __________________   of which we   only knew the surface. We   were   __________   in the family.

One day, I ________________   my father’s ukulele that I had watched him play was   ________________   in the corner. When I tried to play it, though unskillfully, I felt closer to him and our Hawaiian roots. Then   I picked up an old   song   book, and ____________   myself   to play. I would play   and sing, __________   my   father had been here. Finally   my   father______________with   a newly-bought ukulele, and we had a mini concert. He was________ that I had learned so much.

What I really ______________   was that   music   has the ________________   to do truly extraordinary things________ us with our culture and each other, our past and our present.

【推荐1】When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she_________ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is ___________ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to _________ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain._________, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to _________ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to _________ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.

Memory can be _________ affected by a number of things._________ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent _________ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __________ to register information in the brain.

When people talk about memory, they often__________short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.__________, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which ____________information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.

Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __________. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __________ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.

【推荐2】Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike?   What about your first heartbreak? _________ moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades, powerfully shaping who we are as individuals. But for those who experience severe trauma (创伤), such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions. So, what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much _________ ? For now, the work is happening in mice.

Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram--a physical change in brain tissue _________ a particular recollection. While at MIT in 2013, Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that _________ one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice _________ in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.

In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether _________ memories can be “overwritten" by positive ones. In their experiments, positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. After a surgical operation on the mice, the researchers find that _________ positive memories while mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful. They think that this memory "retraining" may be helping to _________ some of the mouse's trauma. _________ , it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed (抑制).

__________ Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary (初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories __________ , for instance, so that they don't have a strong __________ response to painful recollections.

If it's one day possible to alter human memory, who should be allowed to receive that treatment? And would the __________ system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime? These are questions New York University bioethicist (生物伦理学家) Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.

As neuroscientists progress with their research, they say these __________ issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of __________ memories as neither good nor bad. Like water, it just depends on how you use it.