Home to virgin reefs, rare sharks and vast numbers of exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a unique haven of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will also become the world’s largest marine protected area, with restrictions or bans on fishing, mining and marine farming.
The Coral Sea reserve would cover almost 990000 square kilometers and stretch as far as 1100 kilometers from the coast. Unveiled recently by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal would be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia’s coast.
But the scheme is attracting criticism from scientists and conservation groups, who argue that the government hasn’t gone far enough in protecting the Coral Sea, or in other marine reserves in the coastal network.
Hugh Possingham, director of the Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions at the University of Queensland points out that little more than half of the Coral Sea reserve is proposed as “no take” area in which all fishing would be banned. The world’s largest existing marine reserve established last year by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554000 km and is a no-take zone throughout. An alliance of campaigning conversation groups argues that more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection.
“I would like to have seen more protection for coral reefs,” says Terry Hughes, director of the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Queensland. More than 20 of them would be outside the no-take area and vulnerable to catch-and-release fishing.
As Nature went to press, the Australian government had not responded to specific criticisms of the plan. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist at James Cook Univest says that the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats” in the sea. “I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have put into trying to understand the ecological values of this vast area.” he says.
Reserves proposed earlier this year for Australia’s southwestern and northwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for failing to give habitats adequate protection. In August,173 marine scientists signed an open letter to the government saying they were “greatly concerned” that the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the core science principles of reserves — the protected regions were not, for instance, representative of all the habitats in the region, they said.
Critics say that the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a contention (争论) also levelled at the Coral Sea plan.
1. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke?A.Make a new proposal to protect the Coral sea. |
B.Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms. |
C.Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life. |
D.Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast. |
A.It can compare with the British government’s effort in the Indian Ocean. |
B.It will result in the establishment of the world’s largest marine reserve. |
C.It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast. |
D.It is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats. |
A.It will do more harm than good to the environment. |
B.It will adversely affect Australia s fishing industry. |
C.It will protect regions that actually require little protection. |
D.It will win little support from environmental organizations. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Food Allergy and Special Dietary Needs
Our District will have a School Nutrition Program which shall provide individualized menus or food preparations for students who are unable to have the meals normally served at our school as required by their individual education plan (IEP) or health plan. Read the following information carefully so that we are on the same page.
PARENTAL ASSISTANCE
You will be asked to:
•Inform the school principal of any food allergy or special dietary needs related to a disabling condition or medical necessity.
• Provide medical information from a District-approved recognized medical authority(RMA).
• Offer updated medical information as requested by the District.
• Participate in any meeting or discussion regarding the students’ meal plan.
• Notify the school of any change related to the food allergy or special dietary needs.
SCHOOL SITE RESPONSIBILITIES
• Find out children requiring special dietary change.
•The principal shall refer students with special dietary needs (o special services as required by law.
• The nurses shall make teachers and students aware of allergy alert identification. Prevention needed related to field trips and classroom parties, strategies and other issues necessary to promote student safety.
• Monitor and update the IEP or health plan as needed.
DISTRICT NUTRITION SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES
•We will provide food item services and individualized menus for students according to medical need. Menus will not be changed because of personal preference.
• We will train school medical staff on how to react to food allergies and food-related emergencies and how to change menus.
• We will maintain special dietary information on each student identified as having special dietary needs and update this information as needed.
1. Who will probably be served with an individualized menu?A.All disabled students. |
B.Each unhealthy student. |
C.Students with a food allergy. |
D.Students with a taste preference. |
A.RMA is involved in planning students' meals. |
B.Students are required to update the health plan. |
C.The teachers train students to identify allergies. |
D.The District provides services and specific instructions. |
A.A clinic notice. | B.A guideline for parents. |
C.A medical journal. | D.A school yearbook. |
【推荐2】Hello, 2024. It’s that time of the year again. The start of the new year is a natural time to consider what you may want to do differently, and your goals for the upcoming year. It is a common practice to create New Year’s resolutions, yet are they helpful?
Reflecting on your behaviors and creating goals that align (使一致) with your values can motivate helpful change.
However, people don’t always approach New Year’s resolutions in a helpful way.
So, if you plan to set a New Year’s resolution, first be honest with yourself about whether the resolution is important and meaningful to you.
Targeting small changes may be more useful than creating one or two large resolutions at the start of the year.
A.It depends. |
B.Do you have a clear why? |
C.Have you got the details yet? |
D.If your goals are not specific enough, |
E.When you clarify what is important and take steps in that direction, |
F.Then, be realistic with yourself and create small, specific and doable goals. |
G.Resolutions are usually not based on a genuine desire but on a sense of should. |
【推荐3】While it might be OK to go into your weekend without a plan, the same can’t be said for college admissions.
College planning is a process that involves researching potential colleges, creating a list of best-fit schools, and selecting classes that match your academic goals. Before writing down a list of best-fit schools, you should think about what interests you most and where your future career aspirations might lie. Reflect on the classes you enjoyed most during high school, the extracurricular activities you look forward to, and any job or internship (实习) experience that you participated in.
Since most schools offer a range of different college majors, choosing a course of study can be challenging for many students.
Making a college planning checklist is an easy way to stay on top of the admissions process and hold yourself accountable.
A.While selecting a major is an important decision |
B.Once you have completed your college planning journey |
C.If you’re looking to getting accepted into your first-choice school |
D.Detail some of the most important parts of the admissions process |
E.Rather than letting friends or family impact which school you choose |
F.Thinking about your interests and goals will help inform future decisions |
G.While many students begin their college search process by researching schools nearby |
【推荐1】Saving the environment might seem like a tall order, but living an environmentally friendly life is actually quite easy.
Recycle
Recycling is a simplest lifestyle to lower the amount of environmental waste. Every resident can get involved by taking advantage of nearby recycling services.
Buy locally-sourced foods
Eating fresh, local food consumes less fuel and packaging materials. Shipping products by truck, rail, flight, or boat creates pollution and goes against an environmentally friendly lifestyle. Instead, shop at local farmers’ markets and grocery stores stocking locally-sourced products.
Cut back on driving
Applying alternate forms of transportation consumes less gasoline.
Advocacy allows more people to create a positive impact. Spread the word about environmental conservation by sharing some of the lifestyle changes you’ve made on social media and in conversations with people around, calling on everybody to play a role.
A.Cut back your carbon footprint |
B.Walk or ride a bike whenever possible |
C.Encourage others to help save the environment |
D.Check the regulations to ensure you use them properly |
E.The topic of preserving natural resources entertains everyone |
F.With just a few small lifestyle changes, you can make a difference |
G.Alternatively, use community-supported services to get fresh produce regularly |
【推荐2】If you wear contact lenses (隐形眼镜), you might not know the best way to deal with old ones. Washing them down the sink or flushing them down the toilet is not the way to go. Yet one in five people who wear contact lenses do just that. However, the plastic in their lenses can linger (存留), polluting both water and land.
Rolf Halden, an engineer at Arizona State University in Tempe, and his team created an online survey. More than 400 contact lens wearers took part. The questions asked how many got rid of their lenses inappropriately. About 20 percent — one in five — sent their used contact lenses down sink drain or toilet. Assuming all contact lens wearers in the U. S. do that at the same rate, the researchers then calculated how much plastic would be flushed away each year. Their estimate: 6 to 10 metric tons! That's about the weight of two to three adult African forest elephants. Contact lenses are a tiny part of the world's plastic pollution. But the unique plastic used in contact lenses could make them a big concern.
To figure it out, researchers exposed contact lenses to the microbes (微生物) used to clean wastewater in water-treatment plants. These microbes made the plastics begin to fall apart, but they weren't fully broken down. Instead, they created a lot of tiny pieces called microplastics.
Halden worries that these small plastic bits will cause trouble in the food chain. In water, the plastics from contact lenses sink. Animals could view these tiny bits as food. But because the plastic won't provide them with nutrition, this could threaten the health of animals who dined on it.
And that's already happening. Many studies have shown that corals, larval fish and shellfish are mistaking microplastics for food. Over time, they risk accumulating even higher levels of plastic in their bodies. Also the pollution has already shown up in bottled water, sea salt and fish sold for human consumption.
1. Rolf Halden's survey shows that ________.A.contact lenses have won popularity with Americans |
B.contact lenses have caused a huge part of plastic pollution |
C.some contact lens wearers throw away their old lenses improperly |
D.many contact lens wearers don't wear their lenses in the proper way |
A.They could be broken down completely. |
B.They could be processed properly there. |
C.They couldn't be affected by microbes. |
D.Some of them became microplastics. |
A.Tiny pieces are entering oceans. |
B.Sea creatures are eating microplastics. |
C.Animals are causing plastic pollution. |
D.Contact lenses are damaging the environment |
A.People's eyesight is getting worse and worse. |
B.Contact lenses must be banned immediately. |
C.Animals in the sea are lacking in nutrition. |
D.The impacts microplastic pollution has on human health. |
Some of the first evidence of the problem came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab have been observing marmot (旱獭) hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots wake up about a month earlier.
At least the marmots are still hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. Chipmunks (花鼠) in the US and some snakes in Australia also skipped the hibernation period. The bears seem to have survived without losing many individuals. The chipmunks and snakes, however, were not so lucky. Many of the animals died of starvation during the winter.
The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures' metabolism (新陈代谢). When the animals hibernate, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals' heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake in the spring, their metabolism returns to normal.
But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren't as available as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it's spring, but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to grow. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.
Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse. For many biologists, that's a scary prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said, “I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species.”
1. What is the viewpoint of the writer?
A.Global warming will continue to get worse as time goes on. |
B.Waking up early in spring may lead to the extinction of some animals. |
C.Shortened hibernation will definitely decrease the population of animals. |
D.Animals which do not hibernate die of starvation. |
A.indicate that global warming influences animals' hibernation |
B.explain that the weather gets warmer and warmer now |
C.show that the weather in the United States is quite different |
D.say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather |
A.Brown bears. |
B.Marmots. |
C.Some snakes in Australia. |
D.Chipmunks in the US. |
A.Because there are too many marmots in the wild now. |
B.Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now. |
C.Because winter days end much earlier than before. |
D.Because plants haven't received enough sunlight for spring growth. |
【推荐1】Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV car has a battery-powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas-powered cars. When an HEV car is at a stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. In fact hybrid cars are the most fuel-efficient cars that exist today. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways too. For example, when
the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollute the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They handle the same way and speed up and stop in the same way too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasoline-powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside the vehicle.
1. Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV?A.Safe and reliable. | B.Expensive but long-lasting. |
C.Smaller engine, greater power. | D.High price, low carbon. |
A.the engine | B.the battery |
C.the computer | D.the driver |
A.To save energy. | B.To provide better service. |
C.To lower the expense of purchase. | D.To give the drivers a different feeling. |
A.A health report. | B.A science magazine. |
C.A vehicle advertisement. | D.A travel journal. |
There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems—the telephones, post office, or transportation—may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their own community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without any identity. They have to build a new self-image.
Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation (迷失方向). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience — these are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
1. When people move to a new country, they _______.
A.will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty |
B.have well prepared for the new surroundings |
C.will get used to the culture of the country quickly |
D.will never be familiar with the culture of the country |
A.language communication | B.weather conditions and customs |
C.public service systems | D.homesickness |
A.the fewer difficulties you may have abroad |
B.the more difficulties you may have abroad |
C.the more money you will earn abroad |
D.the less homesick you may feel abroad |
A.find some people to talk to | B.go outside to have a walk |
C.visit their friends far away | D.stay indoors all the time |
A.protect ourselves from unfamiliar environment |
B.develop a strange sense of self-protection |
C.get familiar with new culture |
D.return to our own country |
【推荐3】The rapid increase of the oil price has brought the world to its senses. Scientists are seeking suitable alternative (替换) but so far in vain. They are considering how they can make better use of the two other major fuels, coal and natural gas, but they have found that neither can replace oil in their economics. In recent years, there has been a growing concern for the environment and coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists. Natural gas, the purest of the three fuels, is also the most limited in supply.
The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations. They need very little fuel to produce enormous amounts of power and they do not pollute the atmosphere. Their dangers, however, are so great and the costs of building them are also high. Not only could one accident in a nuclear power station spread as much radioactivity (放射物) as a thousand Hiroshima atom bombs, but the radioactive waste from these stations is extremely dangerous.
Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy: the sun, the sea, the wind and hot spring, of which the sun seems the most promising source for the future. Houses have already been built which are heated entirely by solar energy. However, solar energy can only be collected during daylight hours, and in countries where the weather is unreliable, an alternative heating system has to be included.
However, many scientists are optimistic that new ways of generating large amounts of energy will be successfully developed, but at the same time they fear the consequences. If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere. By raising the temperature of the atmosphere,we could melt the Arctic and Antarctic ice-caps and change the pattern of vegetable and animal life throughout the world——a frightening possibility.
1. What does the underlined phrase “in vain” in Paragraph1 mean?A.without doubt | B.without results | C.in progress | D.under attack |
A.it is too pure | B.the source of it is limited |
C.its price is increasing | D.it may cause more pollution |
A.coal | B.natural gas | C.wind energy | D.solar energy |
A.it may pollute the atmosphere |
B.it cannot generate large amounts of power |
C.it may use up enormous amounts of fuel |
D.it may cause great danger to us if not properly handled |
【推荐1】When is a media company not a media company? When it’s on the Internet. YouTube and Facebook convey what their users read and watch, and sell advertising next to it. Edited content, financed by advertising? It sounds a lot like the model that dominated media for much of the 20th century. And yet these firms have long claimed to be mere "platforms”,passively hosting content they say they are neither able nor willing to assess. It's true that they are not like traditional media companies. Much of their content is donated by their users; and algorithms (算) not editors, decide what is most worthy of attention. But they are getting more like them every day.
The anger over “fake news” has led Facebook to employ fact checkers, hire editorial staff to control the algorithms, crack down on the spread of junk and invest in tools to help out journalists.
So what kind of media companies are Facebook, YouTube and the rest? Not good ones. Their enormous power to inform, and the huge potential value of forming connections between people around the world, have in fair measure been wasted by prioritising attention-grabbing content 一 regardless of its quality, truthfulness or seriousness, which has made the online content cheap and its tone rude.
The tech giants are now coming under increasing pressure to clean up their acts. Perhaps more exactly, the advertisers have begun to revolt (反抗):Google and Facebook now take nine out of every 10 new dollars spent on online advertising, although they have been accused of marking their own homework'", making unconvincing and unverifiable (无可考证的)claims about its effectiveness.
Meanwhile, the companies are avoiding responsibility for setting rules over their services. Excuses that the problem is too technically complex are not convincing: their engineers have proven skillful at cracking down on, say, copyright violation when it suits the firms. Nor does a firm position on free speech hold up: history is filled with examples of how a fair balance can be struck. Those have involved dialogue and democratic considerations that social media companies have thus iar mostly disdained (轻视).They should do so no longer. The firms have enjoyed the privileges and profits of media for long enough: it's time they picked up the responsibilities too.
1. What does the author think of YouTube and Facebook's claim in Paragraph 1?A.It is unexpected. | B.It is absurd. |
C.It is practical. | D.It is influential. |
A.their low quality content | B.their prejudice against morality |
C.their being a time-waster | D.their lack of control of speech |
A.may not actually satisfy advertisers' needs |
B.has invited users^ questioning of privacy issues |
C.will be cut down to respond to public discontent |
D.may not gain profit as ad spending keeps rising |
A.improve their overall technology |
B.abandon the democratic ideal of free speech |
C.take responsibility for regulating copyright issues |
D.act as a medium despite their Internet background |
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend tees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to 'learn from the masters' or get more creative with paint ---- free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.
The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.
The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called 'Hissing Sid' is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.
Byron's Pool
Many stories surround Lord Byron's time as a student of Cambridge University, Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I'm not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roans. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron's Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don't trust me, then perhaps you’ll take it from Virginia Woolf- ----over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.
1. As mentioned in the passage, there is a small charge for_____.
A.attending the masters' class | B.working with local artists |
C.learning life drawing | D.seeing an exhibition |
A.common insects | B.impressive plants |
C.rarely-seen snakes | D.wildlife-enthusiasts |
A.to fear pet bears | B.to like walking |
C.to be a heavy drinker | D.to finish university in 1805 |
A.surrounded by fields |
B.owned by Lord Byron |
C.located in Grantchester |
D.discovered by Virginia Woolf |
A.Some places for weekend break |
B.A way to become creative in art. |
C.The colourful life in the countryside. |
D.Unknown stories of Cambridge University. |
Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks to try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money.
Of course, investing (投资) money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and the investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock to go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.
Going to the stock market is often like gambling (赌博). All want to make money by “gambling’ in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are ready to “gamble”. Indeed, the stock market is an attractive(吸引人的) but complex part of the business world.
1. If you are a good investor, ________ in the stock market.
A.you can always make money |
B.you can tell exactly when the stock goes up or down |
C.you may sometimes lose money |
D.your gambling is always safe |
A.how to buy or sell shares |
B.the stock market is like gambling |
C.a general idea of stock market |
D.investing money in the stock market is not the safest way |
A.they can make them rich |
B.they need their money to do business |
C.they need more people to work for them |
D.some people win and some lose |
A.difficult | B.happy |
C.complete | D.modern |