For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practise how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.
In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable (易受影响的) kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-l9-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job,” said Michael, a researcher in the US.
1. In the author’s opinion, American high school leavers _______.A.have enough career-related courses |
B.need more career advice from their schools |
C.perform better in exams than German students |
D.can get higher earnings in later years |
A.there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US |
B.students should get contact with the working world at high school |
C.education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams |
D.teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience |
A.Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment. |
B.Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job. |
C.US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment. |
D.High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely. |
A.Arguments about recent US education reform. |
B.Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers. |
C.The lack of career-based courses in US high schools. |
D.Advice for American high school leavers. |
A.discouraging | B.interesting |
C.creative | D.unbearable |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Nowadays, we can read almost all “truths” on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro messaging service Twitter, the social networking site Facebook and the photo-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real world,” according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University.
The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise. There are still large parts of the population who do not take part in social media activities. Also, there's a risk that many social media users are under- represented. Instagram, for example, appeals to younger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 to 34. And only 5 percent of Twitter users are over 65 years old, according Io the study.
However, this is not the only issue, according to the scientific team. The design of a website can influence how people behave online, creating what the researchers call “Internet bias.” For example, micro-blogging sites such as Weibo promote “popular” stories. It saves time for some, but it also limits readers' choice of what they see. In the end, many people open those stories and make them more “popular.” But it's not because they choose those stories. Rather, it is because the content is right in front of them.
Besides, it's possible that not everyone on your social networks is real. There might actually be a few fake accounts among them. Fake “bots” pretend to be human and are often included when measuring or predicting human behaviors online.
The findings might be more important than you would think, since many social media studies “are used to inform and justify decisions and investments among the public and in industry and government,” said Derek Ruths, assistant Professor at McGill's School of Computer Science.
If the team is right, you might have to think carefully the next time you say, “It's true, you know; I read it on Weibo.”
1. Why does the author mention Twitter, Facebook and Instagram?A.Because they are the best social media sites today. |
B.Because they are not in favor of the current study. |
C.Because the public are sharing truths on these sites. |
D.Because information on these sites may not be reliable. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By dividing into groups. | D.By analyzing cause and effect. |
A.Ambiguous. | B.Favorable. |
C.Disagreeable. | D.Cautious |
A.To analyze why information gathered from social media sites may not be trustworthy. |
B.To remind readers of things they should watch out for when using social media. |
C.To point out the advantages and disadvantages of social media. |
D.To recommend popular social networking sites for readers. |
【推荐2】With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.
A.So where should we look for answers instead? |
B.The modern world’s simple solution is technology. |
C.Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce. |
D.Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years? |
E.Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold. |
F.Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably. |
G.Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles. |
【推荐3】Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love for “low technology”, a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual — so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting.” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebook’s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking path.
Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connections to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’ve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”
This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore our mental abilities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe”, taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplvin, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.
1. Why did the writer mention the two nineteenth-century cottages?A.To show that Twitter is having a hard time. |
B.To show that old cottages are in need of protection. |
C.To show that early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana. |
D.To show that Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology. |
A.is related to nature | B.is out of date today |
C.consumes too much energy | D.exists in the virtual world |
A.Human beings have destroyed many pre-industrial arts. |
B.Human beings have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts. |
C.Human beings can become intelligent by learning history. |
D.Human beings can regain their individual identity by using machines. |
A.Past Glories, Future Dreams |
B.The Virtual World, the Real Challenge |
C.High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices |
D.The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity |
【推荐1】Nash equilibrium (纳什均衡) is named after John Nash, an American mathematician. It is a kind of concept, which attempts to determine mathematically and logically the actions that participants of a game should take to secure the best outcomes for themselves.
To find it in a game, one would have to model out each of the possible scenarios to determine the results and then choose what the most satisfactory strategy would be. In a two-person game, this would take into consideration the possible strategies that both players could choose. If neither player changes their strategy knowing all of the information, a Nash equilibrium has occurred.
Imagine a game between Tom and Sam. In this simple game, both players can choose strategy A to receive $1, or strategy B to lose $1. Logically, both players choose strategy A and receive a payoff of $l. If you revealed Sam’s strategy to Tom and vice versa (反之亦然), you see that no player’s choice is different from the original one. Knowing the other player’s move means little and doesn’t change either player’s behavior. Outcome A represents the Nash equilibrium.
Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payoff in a situation based on not only their decisions but also the decisions of other parties involved. It can also be used in many aspects of life, from economics to social behavioral sciences, from business strategies to a house sale and so on.
Unlike dominant strategy, Nash equilibrium doesn’t always lead to the most satisfactory outcome. In most cases, such as in war, whether that is a military war or a bidding war, an individual rarely knows the opponent’s strategy or what they want the outcome to be. It just means that an individual chooses the best strategy based on the information they have. Nash equilibrium can only occur if a player chooses to remain with their current strategy if they know their opponent’s strategy. Furthermore, in multiple games played with the same opponents, it does not take into consideration past behavior, which often predicts future behavior.
1. Which kind of concept does Nash equilibrium belong to?A.Game theory. |
B.Secrecy strategies. |
C.Player information. |
D.Participation qualifications. |
A.By quoting sayings. | B.By drawing a parallel. |
C.By making comparisons. | D.By giving an illustration. |
A.Its elements. | B.Its drawbacks. |
C.Its applications. | D.Its backgrounds |
A.Resistant. | B.Objective. |
C.Confused. | D.Curious. |
【推荐2】The effect on happiness of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a gas mostly produced in diesel fumes(柴油机), is comparable to the effect from losing a job, ending a relationship or the death of a partner, research suggests.
The study found a “significant and negative association” between life satisfaction and levels of the pollutant, which causes lung problems. Sarah J Knight and Peter Howley of York University took life satisfaction data from the British Household Panel Survey and UK Household Longitudinal Survey and compared it with detailed air quality records from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
Given that far more people are exposed to NO2 than suffer unemployment or end a relationship, Knight and Howley suggest that the benefits to society from reducing such emissions(排放) would be substantive.
The highest levels of NO2 occur in London, with the lowest levels in parts of south-west England. The capital has the honour of being home to the worst NO2 hotspot in Europe: Marylebone Road, which recorded the highest annual mean levels of the pollutant, more than double the legal EU limit.
Pollution from nitrogen oxides (NO) is responsible for tens of the thousands of premature deaths(过早死)across Europe, with the UK suffering a particularly high toll. Much of the pollution is produced by diesel cars, which emit about six times more than allowed in the official lab-based tests.
The European Environment Agency said the UK had 11, 940 premature deaths in 2013 from NO2. The number was down from 14, 100 in the previous year, but was still the second worst in Europe after Italy.
1. Which can replace the underlined word “substantive” in paragraph 3?A.Terrible. | B.Real. | C.Normal. | D.Special. |
A.Southwest England | B.Southeast England. |
C.Marylebone Road | D.The rural area near London |
A.11, 940 | B.15, 100 | C.14, 100 | D.19, 140 |
A.How to deal with air pollution efficiently. |
B.The biggest killer of man nowadays-air pollution |
C.Diesel fumes should be responsible for air pollution. |
D.Air pollution from NO2/ NO is as bad for happiness as partners’ death |
Singapore is a small, flat, marshy island that has been developed to become the most important port and business center in Southeast Asia and one of the ten wealthiest countries in the world in terms of gross national product per capita.
Singapore has a population of 3.5 million people and a high density of more than 500 people per square kilometer. The superior infrastructure—especially the excellent port and international airport—has made Singapore the import and transshipment center for the region.
Singapore has diversified its service sector to include a wider range of financial, communications, and management activities and has attracted the regional headquarters of many multinational corporations.
Singapore has a population of diverse ethnicity and religion, but it is dominated (77 percent) by overseas Chinese, descendants of immigrants who moved to Singapore in the colonial period and followed the religions of Buddhism and Taoism. Other groups include Malays (about 15 percent) and Indians (about 7 percent, mainly Hindu).
The government has made serious attempts to foster harmony between ethnic groups and to create a sense of national identity by designating four official languages (Mandarin Chinese, English, Malay, and Indian Tamil).
A.And tourism has also become a significant industry. |
B.Singapore is more a city of tourism than one characterized by heavy industry. |
C.It is one of the world’s largest oil refining centers, where crude oil is unloaded and refined before shipment to the rest of Asia. |
D.They promote an Asian identity through schools and national military service that emphasize hard work, community consensus, and respect for authority. |
E.The city is now characterized by dozens of tall office buildings, housing complexes, new towns and new industrial parks. |
F.Fertility rates are low in Singapore, and the government has tried to promote more births. |
【推荐1】Accepting a job offer can be exciting.
I have felt the sting (刺痛) of settling many times in my life. Years ago, I took a freelance (自由职业的) role that at first, second, and third glance led to feelings of depression. What was once an expanding universe of potential in my career suddenly contracted.
We will all take roles at various times in our careers that do not tick all our goal boxes. We have a good reason for accepting the job offer, such as the need for a job in a certain location to keep family members together.
We alone get to decide how to perceive an opportunity. A job is not a destiny. It is simply a step toward a destination. We must be aware of how individual roles, even the most boring, are still useful, relevant, and beneficial.
A.I need the money, so I settle. |
B.Oh, how I hungered for more! |
C.But what if the job doesn’t tick all our boxes? |
D.And when we make this mental move, we feel stronger. |
E.Yet we may feel that it presents too many new challenges. |
F.The freelance role that I settled on years ago won’t be my last. |
G.But we may also have a sense of unease that we are giving up the ability to dream. |
【推荐2】Career planning is important. Get started today. Connect your personal interests and academic aspirations to plan a wonderful career at University of New Brunswick (UNB).
Career Connections will help you figure out who you are — your strengths and interests — as you find which field of study and careers arc right for you. Career Connections also helps connect you to the experts, workshops and information you need.
To guide you through your academic and career exploration, Career Connections includes information for future, current, and graduating students. In this site, you will find:
Program Blueprints for each of our programs, career resources including workshops and expert advice, information about experiential learning opportunities, career myths, news trends and career-related research.
On-campus Career Support
We have the experts to help you in your academic and career development.
Career Development & Employment Centre
Consult with your career and employment advisors, depending on your needs; complete workshops for the Career Development Certificate; learn about the Work-study Program; go to career fairs and much more.
Career Counselling
Students are supported by two career counsellors who will help you explore academic and career options through the Carcer Planning Process. They will help you develop a plan for gaining the skills and knowledge needed to pursue your passions.
Academic Advising
Academic advising is an important aspect of career exploration. It is through your academic advisor(s) that you will explore program options, discussing how these fit your career goals, and how to map your academic future in developing the knowledge and skills needed to be an employment-ready, life-long learner.
Experiential Education
There are many experiential (体验的) learning opportunities at UNB. Several programs include work placements as part of your degree requirements. Additional experiential opportunities include the Work-study Program and The Summer Institute. as well as finding and securing employment during your studies or the summer.
1. If you want to get a Career Development Certificate, you’d better go to ________.A.Career Counselling | B.Academic Advising |
C.On-campus Career Support | D.Career Development & Employment Centre |
A.get chances for experiential learning |
B.study on articles during summer vacation |
C.obtain high professional grades and degrees |
D.work out the value of programs and institutes |
A.In a brochure. | B.On a website. | C.In a magazine. | D.In a news report. |
【推荐3】Read the following tips given by the different consultants.
Alice A university degree is no guarantee of a job, and job hunting in itself requires a whole set of skills. If you find you are not getting past the first interview, ask yourself what is happening. Is it a failure to communicate or are there some skills you lack? Once you see patterns emerging it will help you decide whether the gaps you have identified can be filled relatively easily. If you cannot work out what the mismatch is, get back to the selection board with more examining questions, and find out what you need to do to bring yourself up to the level of qualification that would make you more attractive to them: but be careful to make this sound like a genuine request rather than a challenge or complaint. |
Paul Do not be too dispirited if you are turned down for a job, but think about the reasons the employers give. They often say it is because others are ‘better qualified' but they use the term loosely. Those who made the second interview might have been studying the same subject as you and be of similar ability level, but they had something which made them a closer match to the selector’s ideal. That could be experience gained through projects or vacation work, or it might be that they were better at communicating what they could offer. Do not take the comments at face value: think back to the interviews that generated them and make a list of where you think the shortfall in your performance lies. With this sort of analytical approach you will eventually get your foot in the door. |
Rebecca Deciding how long you should stay in your first job is a tough call. Stay too long and future employers may question your drive and ambition. Of course, it depends where you are aiming. There can be advantages in moving sideways rather than up, if you want to gain real depth of knowledge. If you are a graduate, spending five or six years in the same job is not too long provided that you take full advantage of the experience. However, do not use this as an excuse for indifference. Graduates sometimes fail to take ownership of their careers and take the initiative. It is up to your will to make the most of what’s available within a company, and to monitor your progress in case you need to move on. This applies particularly if you are still not sure where your career path lies. |
Smith It is helpful to think through what kind of experience you need to get your dream job and it is not a problem to move around to a certain extent. But in the early stages of your career, you need a definite strategy for reaching your goal, so think about that carefully before deciding to move on from your first job. You must cultivate patience to master any role. There is no guarantee that you will get adequate training, and research has shown that if you do not receive proper help in a new role, it can take 18 months to master it. |
1. It can be concluded from the passage that the consultants intend to help graduates ________.
A.figure out a qualified consultant | B.work out the mismatch |
C.start out on their career path | D.make out future employers |
A.make sure your approach for information is positive in tone |
B.some information you are given may not give a complete picture |
C.you should demonstrate determination to improve your job prospects |
D.keep your initial objective in mind when you are planning to change jobs |
A.Alice. | B.Paul. | C.Rebecca. | D.Smith. |