For years and years people have been saying that railways are dead. “We can do without railways,” people say--as if motorcars and planes have made those railways unnecessary. We all keep hearing that trains are slow, lose money and are dying. But this is far from the truth. In these days of expensive oil, railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they’re cheaper than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway. What’s more, a railway takes you from the city centre into another centre. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does in endless traffic jams. And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do.
Far from being dead, railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey. Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are travelling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, which are travelling at 250 miles an hour or more. So we will be wondering why we spend so much on motorcars we can't use and planes we can't fly in. After all, we have not enough money to buy the oil.
1. People say railways are unnecessary because they think ______.A.trains cause traffic jams |
B.trains carry goods only |
C.trains go in a straight line |
D.trains are slow and lose money |
A.motorcars and planes are better than trains |
B.trains go as fast as motorcars and planes |
C.we still need railways in modern times |
D.trains have nothing in common with motorcars |
A.can take you from place to place |
B.carry goods and people cheaply |
C.don't hold you up on the way |
D.can travel at 250 miles an hour |
A.It is more expensive to travel by train than by plane. |
B.No railway station is at the city centre. |
C.It is comfortable travelling on a train. |
D.Planes and motorcars have replaced trains. |
A.Railways, Still Alive. |
B.Planes Are Dead. |
C.Trains, Motorcars or Planes? |
D.Super-fast Trains. |
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【推荐1】Sky Drive Inc. conducted a successful test drive of its new flying car on August 25 at the Toyota Test Field, one of the largest in Japan and home to the car company’s development base. The car, named SD-03, manned with a pilot, took off and circled the field for about four minutes. It was the first public demonstration for a flying car in Japanese history.
“We are extremely excited to have achieved Japan’s first-ever manned flight of a flying car in the two years since we founded SkyDrive... with the goal of commercializing such aircraft,” CEO Tomohiro Fukuzawa said. “We want to realize a society where flying cars are an accessible and convenient means of transportation in the skies and people are able to experience a safe, secure, and comfortable new way of life.”
The SD-03 is the world’s smallest electric vertical take-off and landing vehicle and takes up the space of about two parked cars, according to the company. It has eight motors to ensure “safety in emergency situations”. “In designing an unexplored, new type of transportation known as the flying car, we chose the keyword ‘progressive’ for inspiration,” Design Director Takumi Yamamot said. “We wanted this vehicle to be futuristic, charismatic and desirable for all future customers, while fully including the high technology of SkyDrive.”
The company hopes to make the flying car part of normal life and not just a product. More test flights will occur in the future under different conditions to make sure the safety and technology of the vehicle meet industry standards.
The success of this flight means that it is likely that the car will be tested outside of the Toyota Test field by the end of the year. The company will continue to develop technologies to safely and securely launch the flying car in 2023. However, no price has been announced so far.
1. What’s the feature of SD-03?A.Green and energy-saving. | B.Secure and multi-function. |
C.High-tech and user-friendly. | D.Expensive and unmanned. |
A.They are the pioneer of flying cars. |
B.Flying cars will soon be commercialized. |
C.Flying cars will set a new trend in society. |
D.They target flying cars on high-end consumers. |
A.Flying cars fail to reach industry standards. |
B.Flying cars will be sold at affordable prices. |
C.The safety of flying cars needs strengthening. |
D.Tests are now limited to the Toyota Test Field. |
A.Flying cars will be on the market by 2023. |
B.Flying cars are no longer just a flight of fancy. |
C.SkyDrive’s SD-03 is the flying car of tomorrow. |
D.SkyDrive demonstrates its first piloted flying car. |
【推荐2】HONG KONG-Cross-border buses operated by Hong Kong companies on Friday started trial runs on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) in preparation for the bridge’s upcoming opening.
“The trial runs, arranged by the governments of the Chinese mainland, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and the Macao SAR, would last for three days and aimed at testing the readiness of boundary crossing facilities (设施) of the three places,” the Hong Kong SAR government’s Transport and Housing Bureau told Xinhua.
Two major cross-boundary coach trade associations in Hong Kong were invited to send buses and members to participate in the trial runs.
Freeman Cheung, secretary of Hong Kong Guangdong Boundary Crossing Bus Association, said his association would run one bus with about 10 passengers on Friday and Saturday respectively as part of the trial runs.
“Our bus started at noon from the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities and ran all the way to Zhuhai in about 40 minutes,” he said, adding that “the journey was smooth.”
Alan Chan, secretary of another trade association who participated in the trial runs as a passenger, said the clearance procedures at boundary crossing facilities of the three places all went on well and smoothly.
“The boundary crossing facilities of Zhuhai and Macao, in particular, are operated in a collaborative (合作的) way, which helps remarkably shorten the time needed for the clearance procedures,” he said.
The HZMB, situated at the waters of Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary, is a mega-size sea crossing linking the Hong Kong SAR, Zhuhai city of Guangdong Province and the Macao SAR.
The 55-km bridge is the longest bridge-and-tunnel (隧道) sea crossing in the world.
The bridge is meant to meet the demand of passenger and freight land transport among Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland and Macao, and to establish a new land transport link between the east and west banks of the Pearl River.
1. We learn from the passage that ________.A.Alan Chan participated in the trial runs as a driver |
B.two coach trade associations in Zhuhai took part in the trial runs |
C.the HZMB is located at the waters of Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary |
D.the 55-km bridge is the second longest bridge-and-tunnel sea crossing in the world |
A.The route of the trial runs. |
B.The effect of the trial runs. |
C.The purpose of the trial runs. |
D.The evaluation of the trial runs. |
A.Goods that are transported by trucks, trains, ships, or planes. |
B.Lines of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea. |
C.Parts of the sea where fish are caught in large numbers. |
D.The regular rising and falling of the level of the sea. |
A.HZMB Is to Establish New Land Transport Link |
B.Cross-border Buses Start Trial Runs on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge |
C.Mega-size Sea Crossing Linking Hong Kong SAR, Zhuhai and Macao SAR |
D.Boundary Crossing Facilities of Zhuhai and Macao Operated Collaboratively |
【推荐3】Tips for Preparing to Drive in Britain
When you’re planning on travelling a large distance in a short amount of time, the best way to transport yourself is by car.
Some may wonder why the British driving requirements are much stricter than America’s. This answer all comes down to the history of how this country was set up. Hundreds of years ago, there weren’t motor vehicles. The windy and narrow roads were created mainly for carriages.
Learning the Lingo (术语)
While preparing for the UK driver’s testing, one of the most important aspects to focus on is learning what certain words, phrases, and signs mean while on the road. Many times, there will merely be a sign without words that you will have to obey.
Passing the Tests
The first test is the theory test. Within two years of passing this test, you will need to take the practical test.
A.Remembering the History. |
B.Learning Road Conditions. |
C.As a result, cars in the UK are smaller. |
D.For this reason, safety on the road is vital. |
E.However, this may be easier said than done. |
F.It includes the off-road and on-road sections. |
G.If you don’t know what that sign means, you could be in trouble. |
【推荐1】The fact that over 1.24 million people lose their lives each year in road accidents is a horrifying statistic that could soon be prevented. It should be of no surprise to understand that the autonomous vehicle industry is predicted to be worth $2.6 trillion a year within 15 years.
What's the future of personal transportation? Well, you'll likely be spending a lot less time behind the wheel, for one. The rise of self-driving cars means that some scenes out of science-fiction flicks(电影)(think Total Recall or I, Robot)are now reality—and even more will be available soon.
Cars today already include many semi-autonomous features, like assisted parking and self-braking systems. And completely autonomous vehicles—able to operate without human control—are rapidly becoming more of a reality. You're probably familiar with Google's version, which has made headlines with its Google Chauffeur software, which the company hopes to bring to market by 2020.
The pros of autonomous cars are many. "The sensors in a self-driving car are always observing, are not affected by the state of the driver(sleepy, angry, etc.), and can scan in multiple directions simultaneously(同时地)," says Dr. Dominique Freckmann, an automotive engineering manager at TE Connectivity, "Autonomous driving is a key aspect of the industry's drive toward safer roadways."
"Recent NHTSA research shows that approximately 94 percent of accidents are caused by human error," adds Alan Amici, a vice president of automotive engineering at TE. "Cars with advanced safety features and eventually, self-driving cars, can significantly reduce the number of collisions. The impact of this innovation can be far-reaching, including reduced demand on emergency response systems and reduced auto insurance and health care costs."
1. What is the author's attitude towards the autonomous vehicle industry?A.Positive. | B.Disapproving. |
C.Uncaring. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Because people believe Google will sell it in 2020. |
B.Because it is the most famous software of the company. |
C.Because people are all familiar with the famous software. |
D.Because it shows completely autonomous vehicles will be true. |
A.Self-driving will cost less than now. |
B.People will easily save a lot of time. |
C.Self-driving will be safer than now. |
D.People will rely more on auto insurance. |
A.To show his adoration of self-driving cars. |
B.To predict the future of personal transportation. |
C.To prevent so many road accidents caused by driving. |
D.To introduce the benefits of autonomous vehicle industry. |
【推荐2】The government has proposed to spend money developing wireless charging roads in the UK as part of a £40 million plan. Wireless charging roads could be developed to recharge electric cars while they drive along to solve some problems about limited equipment to encourage ownership of these vehicles and ensure better air quality. The government has promised the money to developing both on-street and wireless charging to help transformation from internal combustion engine(内燃机)cars to electric cars.
These systems work similarly to a Scalextric toy car. Wireless charging uses a process called electromagnetic induction(电磁感应)to move energy. On the ground is a pad in which electricity is passed through a set of wire to create a magnetic field. It is then moved to a receiver on the underside of the car. Once the technology works, it could mean that drivers can fill up their cars as they drive along, meaning there could be longer periods between charging.
The proposal was made in Department for Transport (DFT) and could also see charging points positioned at service stations and car parks. New homes will also, where permitted, be built with some points. David Martell, of the electric car charging company BP Chargemaster, said, "Wireless charging will make driving an electric vehicle as similar as possible to driving a petrol car but without going to the petrol station frequently."
This is not the first time that wireless charging roads have been proposed as a number of firms have developed technologies. Renault partnered with Qualcomm and VEDECOM Tech to develop a road to test the technology's capability. The 100-meter test track was said to be capable of a charge up to 20 kilowatts at speeds up to, and over, 62 miles per hour (nearly 100 km/h).
1. What's the attitude of the UK government to electric vehicles?A.Supportive. | B.Unfavourable. |
C.Indifferent. | D.Objective. |
A.How a Scalextric toy car functions. | B.How the electric cars get charged. |
C.How the wireless road systems run. | D.How the electric cars benefit people. |
A.It gets petrol cars unfavourable. | B.It saves drivers' trips to petrol station. |
C.It gives rise to many new car parks. | D.It makes electric cars difficult to drive. |
A.To show the experiment of some firms. |
B.To announce the progress of the new technology. |
C.To show the efficiency of the wireless road systems. |
D.To encourage the cooperation among different firms. |
【推荐3】Your next car might drive itself. After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the live phase. Last month, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France. Most in the automobile industry think self-driving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before.
Driverless cars will at first be huddled with human-driven cars. But the first places where they will become dominant (统治的) are dense urban areas — precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age. Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of human-driven cargo. Driverless cars will quicken that process and will bring us enormous benefits.
Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 percent. That’s big—the annual death toll on the world’s roads is about 1.2 million a year. Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric. The old, otherwise they would stay at home most of the time and the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility.
On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe. The best thing about the automobile age was that it employed tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles. Over the next 20 years, the mostly low-skilled men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced. Carmakers are especially scared. The few cars of the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple, Baidu and Google. Imaging the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry.
Dramatic change is coming, and driverless cars could arrive by 2020. But governments have barely begun thinking about it. Only 6 percent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning.
A decade ago anyone hardly saw the Smartphone coming. It has bought an epidemic of mass addiction. Let’s hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car.
1. The underlined words “be huddled with” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “ ”.A.show up | B.exist together |
C.get rid of | D.take the place of |
A.Driverless cars reduce the number of cars. |
B.Driverless cars will be powered by electricity. |
C.Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves. |
D.Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Negative. |
C.Objective. | D.Worried. |
A.They will not hit the road until 2020. |
B.They will only be used in urban areas. |
C.They will not cause any road accident. |
D.They aren’t still seriously taken by leaders. |
【推荐1】A student had to get his long hair cut off in a middle school in GuangDong Province. It was talked a lot among teachers and students.
In fact, all schools have their own rules. In most schools, boy students are not allowed to have long hair while girls are not allowed to dye their hair. And most school rules say that students should wear their school uniforms at school. And students must obey these rules so that they can get healthy development at school.
But some students have disagreements. They think that boy students having long hair doesn’t mean that they are not good students. They want to show their own personality. They think that they would look cool too if they had long hair and the hairstyles like their favorite stars.
A girl student thought that she would look much more beautiful if she had brown hair. So she had her dark hair dyed brown one day. When she went back to school the next day, the teacher was very angry with her. She said that she worked hard at her lessons and did well in every subject. She just didn’t know why the teacher didn't allow her to dye her hair while women teachers can.
It is not wrong for teenagers to love stars’ hairstyles or wear their favorite clothes. However, a school has its own rules for all the students to obey so that the school can be in good order. Students should not break the rules at school.
1. What aren’t boy students allowed to do in most middle schools according to this passage?A.To have long hair. | B.To wear uniforms. |
C.To like famous stars. | D.To show their own personalities. |
A.Because she wanted to be cool. |
B.Because she thought that she would look much more beautiful. |
C.Because she wanted to make her teacher angry. |
D.Because women teachers dyed their hair. |
A.The students should be against them. |
B.They are bad for students. |
C.They can make schools in good order. |
D.They can’t make students grow healthily. |
A.Hair styles and clothes. | B.Schoolboys and schoolgirls. |
C.Students and famous stars. | D.School rules. |
【推荐2】These days, there’s barely a world leader who doesn’t talk up science. For example, the India’s Prime Minister was the main performer at the annual Indian Science Congress, held in Nagpur, where he encouraged the nation’s researchers to do the science needed to make India self-reliant.
The message to researchers is crystal clear: leaders see science as essential to national prosperity, well-being and, of course, competitiveness. So, is research fit for the challenge of advancing, refining or critiquing these goals? Not exactly. And it won’t be until there is fundamental reform to the gateway to a research career: PhD training.
As Nature and other publications have frequently reported, PhD training worldwide has been in trouble for some time. Students’ stipends (生活津贴) are not enough in most countries, creating a cost-of-living crisis. Early-career researchers constantly report concerns about a constant lack of support and poor-quality supervision, with senior researchers rarely trained in mentorship (指导).
Furthermore, PhD candidates are inadequately prepared for the cross-disciplinary working and large teams that characterize cutting-edge science today. This is especially true for careers outside academic research, where the overwhelming majority of PhD candidates will be heading.
It is not all bad. Universities in a small number of high-income countries have reformed, or are reforming, PhD assessment. But in most places, and especially in low- and middle-income countries, a candidate’s work is still evaluated using a single-authored paper. In many countries, candidates must publish in a journal before they get a PhD, something that critics say could fuel profitable publishing.
The system’s strains have become more obvious because the number of people doing PhD training has been rising sharply. According to the 2022 book Towards a Global Core Value System in Doctoral Education, the number of PhDs awarded in India increased from 17,850 in 2004 to 25,095 in 2016; US figures climbed from 48,500 to 69,525 over the same period. If researchers are to meet society’s expectations, their training and mentoring must escape the nineteenth century.
1. Why is the India’s Prime Minister mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To indicate India’s serious scientific landscape. |
B.To imply more researchers are in great demand in India. |
C.To show leaders’ emphasis on scientific research. |
D.To demonstrate more and more people take an interest in science. |
A.The reforms in science. | B.The significance of mentorship. |
C.The creation of academic culture. | D.The issues early-career researchers face. |
A.Disappointed. | B.Satisfied. | C.Indifferent. | D.Enthusiastic. |
A.PhD education is developing gradually. |
B.The reforms in PhD training admit of no delay. |
C.The number of PhDs awarded has increased in India and the US. |
D.The demand for researchers’ meeting society’s expectations is pressing. |
【推荐3】It’s true that colleges and universities remain an important source of talent, but when a college degree becomes a box-checking, it unnecessarily places a barrier between skilled workers seeking better jobs and employers in need of their talents.
A degree is an achievement, but with careers stretching to half a century, a one-time intensive period of study is not enough. The reality is that with the current pace of technological change, everyone needs to continuously expand their skills, especially as industries keep changing. The same jobs today will require new skills five years from now.
Hiring those who have already developed some of these skills through other experiences -like lower-wage gateway jobs such as customer service representatives and computer support specialists -can jump start the training process and help companies future-proof their workforce.
Placing higher value on other proven tools - like professional certifications, which are on the rise in popularity, and evaluating candidates via behavioral questions that allow them to showcase their skills during the interview process, are other ways employers can identify someone’s ability to do the job.
In this age of uncertainty, when companies prioritize skills (not degrees), they can build a stronger workforce that has gained experiences via many different routes, which can help to avoid “group-think” and lead to more energetic and creative teams. Those that play by the rules of an old playbook from an old era will fall behind.
The labor market has long been one of the opaquest (不透明的) markets in the world, burdened by the inefficient and unequal ways we match talent and opportunity. Recognizing the diverse ways skills are acquired and adopting a skills-first approach to talent will bring greater transparency, efficiency and equity to the labor market, making it easier for anyone from anywhere to achieve anything.
1. What employees may help companies future-proof their workforce?A.Those with a college degree. | B.Those who had done lower-wage jobs. |
C.Those keeping pace with changes. | D.Those without work experiences. |
A.Ability to use tools. | B.Popularity in previous jobs. |
C.Achievements in college. | D.Skills shown in the interview. |
A.Chances are for real talents. | B.It recognizes both degrees and skills. |
C.A skills-first approach is adopted. | D.It’s still unbalanced and needs improving. |
A.It’s Hard for People without a College Degree to Find a Good Job. |
B.College Degrees Remains Important in Building a Strong Workforce. |
C.It’s Time for Employers to Stop Caring So Much about College Degrees. |
D.Anyone from Anywhere Can Achieve Anything in This Age of Uncertainty. |