President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige(威望) in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected.Competition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断)of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government,many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast often made between business,which is competitive,and government, which is a monopoly, Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then,that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy(民主)in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.
1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.A.America is a great power in world business |
B.Business is of primary concern to Americans |
C.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce |
D.Business problems are of great importance to the American government |
A.by protecting their individual freedom | B.when given equality of opportunity |
C.by way of competition | D.through doing business |
A.People with ideals of equality and freedom. | B.Both business institutions and government. |
C.Honest business | D.Both businessmen and their customers. |
A.in many countries success often depends on one’s social status |
B.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America |
C.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries |
D.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries |
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【推荐1】For several months, Cara has been working up the courage to ask her mother about what she saw on the Internet. Not long ago, the 11-year-old found out that her mother had been posting her photos in her blog, without her agreement, for much of her life. "There are pictures I don't like of myself. It would be an embarrassment(令人尴尬的事)if my friends see those photos online," she said. "Now I'm even worried anytime someone has a phone out around me. I'm afraid that my photos could be taken and posted somewhere."
Not all kids feel the same when finding out they've been living a life online. Some are happy. In the fourth grade, Nate searched his name and found that he was in a news report about his making a beautiful kite in his third-grade class. He was really happy with that and he decided to search online every few months, hoping to find other things about himself online.
"I was surprised, really surprised," he said. "It made me feel famous."
He even kept saying, "Oh, I'm in a news report online." Although his friends knew that, many of his friends refused to stay close to him.
Like most other kids, Cara and Nate grew up in a society rich with social media. While many kids may not yet have accounts(账户)themselves, their parents, schools, sports teams, and organizations have been building an online presence for them since their birth. According to a study from the Levin College of Law at the University of Florida, 92 percent of kids under the age of 2 already have their own life online.
"The blog posts are sure to follow the children into adulthood," says the study. "Therefore, we have to be careful about putting the children's personal information online."
1. Why does Cara want to stop her mother putting her pictures online?A.She is not a very pretty girl. | B.Her friends keep laughing at her. |
C.She does not like being photographed. | D.Some of the pictures are embarrassing. |
A.They felt really happy for him. | B.Many of them stayed away from him. |
C.Many of them did not believe him. | D.They also opened their own accounts. |
A.parents should keep their kids away from the Internet |
B.pictures should not be put online without kids' agreement |
C.kids should not tell their stories of success to their friends |
D.putting kids' information online might lead to some problems |
A.By giving examples. | B.By reasoning. |
C.By following time order. | D.By comparing. |
【推荐2】You come home on a hot summer day, hoping to have a cool bath, but find there is no water. Then you see how important water is in your daily life. While sometimes you have the idea in many parts of the world, water is not just about one’s everyday needs.
In countries like Tanzania, water is hard to get, and the job of collecting water falls on women’s shoulders. Girls often have to leave school to collect water, while their brothers stay at school studying. The girls spend more time collecting water. That means they have less time for learning.
For these girls, “Knowledge is Power” is not just words; it’s a sad fact in real life. As they spend less time at school, they have fewer chances of getting good jobs, and they often have no choices on important matters, like who to marry. These girls are often married into poor families. They have little money or knowledge to take care of their children. For the baby girls who are lucky enough to survive(生存), their life may be still around “water”, just like their mothers’.
1. What do the underlined words “the idea” mean?A.Water is important in one’s everyday life. |
B.Water is not just about one’s everyday needs. |
C.It's nice to have a cool bath on a hot summer day. |
A.men’s | B.women’s | C.boys’ |
A.not just words | B.a sad fact in real life | C.both A and B |
A.The girls have a hard life in countries like Tanzania. |
B.Why it’s important to save water. |
C.How water may give a country power. |
【推荐3】Young children are significantly more likely than adults to have their opinions influenced by robots according to a new research. The study, conducted-at the-University of Plymouth, compared how adults and children respond to an identical (相同的) task when in the presence of both their peers (同龄人) and robots.
It showed that while adults regularly have their opinions influenced by peers, something also demonstrated in previous studies, they are largely able to resist being persuaded by robots. However, children aged between seven and nine were more likely to give the same responses as the robots, even if they were obviously incorrect.
The study asks people to look at a screen showing four lines and say which two match in length. When alone, people almost never make a mistake but when doing the experiment with others, they tend to follow what others are saying.
When children were alone in the room in this research, they scored 87%on the test, but when the robots join in their score drops to 75%. And of the wrong answers, 74% matched those of the robot.
Professor Belpaeme said, ”People often follow the opinions of others and we’ve known for a long time that it is hard to resist taking over views and opinions of people around-us. But as robots will soon be found in the home and the workplace, we were wondering if people would follow robots. What our results show is that adults do not follow what the robots are saying. But when we did the experiment with children, they did. It shows children can perhaps have more of an affinity (亲和力)with robots than adults, which does pose the question: What if robots were to suggest, for example, what products to buy or what to think?“?
1. What did the adults do when staying with robots?A.They generally refused the robots’ effects. |
B.They totally accepted the robots’ suggestions. |
C.They tried to persuade robots to resist them. |
D.They usually compared robots with their children. |
A.Because children were not as clever as the adults. |
B.Because robots reflected better than human beings. |
C.Because robots in the presence made mistakes. |
D.Because children wanted to affect the robots on purpose. |
A.He is optimistic about the result. | B.He is worried about the future. |
C.He doesn’t care about the result. | D.He doubts the result of the research. |
A.What is the meaning of the research? |
B.What should adults do to avoid the problem? |
C.Why are children more likely to be influenced? |
D.What will be done to solve the problem? |
【推荐1】Clothing decorated with lucky animals such as Chinese dragons and phoenixes (凤凰), and designers devoted to making China's Olympians look good, all these reflect that the Chinese Olympic Team is not only focused on winning medals, but also showing the beauty of China to the world.
The first impressive moment for Chinese fashion started from the opening ceremony of the Olympics. The Chinese team's uniforms used red as a main color, which represents wishes for a good start for Team China. The Team's uniforms, combining red with white, were designed by a group of designers from the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology. The uniforms are decorated with a peony (牡丹), which is China's national flower, and the style of the flower was inspired by an ancient Ming Dynasty bowl at the Palace Museum.
Some Chinese gymnastics' uniforms also use the traditional Chinese symbols such as the Chinese phoenix. China's trampoline (蹦床) gold medalist Zhu Xueying said she was pleased with her uniform that looked like a traditional qipao decorated with a phoenix. The bright red uniforms have traditional elements (元素) on the neckline—a qipao knot (结) and a Chinese phoenix. The pattern on the front of the chest represented the hope that the gymnasts would dance in the sky.
The uniform for Chen Meng, another gold medalist in the women's table tennis event, was designed especially for her. The uniform is pink because that is Chen's favorite color and the designers embroidered (刺绣) a Chinese dragon on her right shoulder to represent the hope that she can take off like a powerful dragon.
“I have been watching the Olympics. The uniforms for the Chinese team have added many fashionable elements,” Zhang Yan, a young Chinese designer told the reporter. The most impressive uniforms for him have been those that the Chinese athletes wore on the podiums (领奖台). The elements formed in the clothing designs, including the curving shapes, the colors and the Chinese standing collar, make them both beautiful and practical. “When the athletes stand on the podium, I think the Chinese design is not only attractive, but also a kind of new fashion. The confidence shown in the clothing is really strong.” Zhang Yan said.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The colors the Chinese team's uniforms. |
B.The designers of the Chinese team's uniforms. |
C.The characteristics of the Chinese team's uniforms. |
D.The style of the Chinese team's uniforms. |
A.The same color. | B.The same style of Qipao. |
C.The same phoenix. | D.The similar wishes. |
A.Clothes Chinese athletes wore on the podiums were the most attractive. |
B.Strong confidence is shown in the clothing of Chinese athletes. |
C.Zhang Yan took part in designing the Chinese Olympic uniforms. |
D.The Chinese design will be No.1 in the fashion market. |
A.Chinese Athletes Realizing Dreams in the Olympics. |
B.Chinese Uniforms is Different at the Olympic Games. |
C.Chinese Olympic Uniforms Shining at the Olympic Games. |
D.Chinese Team Becoming better and better at the Olympics. |
【推荐2】As the coronavirus pandemic wears on, one thing is clear: Many of us are turning to pets to help us deal with this challenging time in history.
In fact, as people remain stuck at home, the demand for adopting or fostering pets, particularly dogs, has risen worldwide, from Canada to India. Between March and September 2020, the number of foster pets in U.S. homes increased by 8 percent, according to PetPoint, which collects industry data on pet adoption.
While the health benefits of having a pet are well known from lowering blood pressure to reducing stress the relationship is complex, and how pet owners and their pets are coping during lengthy lockdowns is an open question.
To find out, researchers in Spain, Israel, and the United Kingdom conducted online surveys of pet owners in their countries. Their studies, published in three separate scientific journals, found that overall our animal friends have provided additional comfort.
But the research also revealed some concerning developments: Pandemic restrictions are making pet owners concerned for their pets' well-being. Not only that, but some pets are exhibiting signs of stress, such as increased barking, fear of loud or sudden noises, and anxiety when at home alone.
In April 2020, Jon Bowen, a behavior consultant at the Royal Veterinary College in London, asked 1,297 dog and cat owners in Spain questions about their feelings toward their pets and their animals' recent behavior. Most owners said their pets had provided “substantial support” during the pandemic, yet 62 percent of respondents said they thought their pets' quality of life had decreased. About 41 percent also reported observing behavioral changes in their animals during the pandemic, particularly dogs that had experienced behavioral problems in the past.
Plenty of research shows that dogs have emotions and can absorb what their owners are feeling particularly if an owner is emotionally dependent on them, says Bowen, whose study appeared in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior in May 2020.
1. What's the purpose of the research?A.To find out the number of foster pets during the pandemic. |
B.To show the benefit of adopting pets during the lockdowns. |
C.To figure out how pets and their owners manage the lockdowns. |
D.To find out the disadvantage of lockdowns on pets and their owners. |
A.By analyzing the previous data. |
B.By writing separate scientific reports. |
C.By doing Internet surveys in separate countries. |
D.By comparing the present experiment with past ones. |
A.Dogs are emotionally dependent on their owners. |
B.Long lockdowns have some negative effects on pets. |
C.Most pets led a life of poor quality during the lockdowns. |
D.Pet owners got on well with their pet during the pandemic. |
A.In a textbook | B.In an encyclopedia | C.In a magazine | D.In a science fiction |
【推荐3】Kids may need to apologize if they do something they know was wrong-like telling a lie or breaking a rule on purpose. When they do something their parents tell them not to do, or they don’t do something they are supposed to do, they apologize, too.
Grown-ups can apologize, too, to other grown-ups or even to kids. After all, even grown-ups make mistakes sometimes. By apologizing when they’re wrong, grown-ups can set a good example and show kids how to do the right thing and apologize when they need to.
Saying I’m sorry when you need to is the right thing to do. It does a lot of good. But by itself, it might not be enough to make everything all better again. Sometimes along with an apology, a person needs to fix the mistake or promise to do better. Sometimes doing a nice thing for the person after you apologize helps show that you really are sorry and want to be friendly again.
Sometimes a heartfelt “I’m” sorry fixes everything right away. Other times, it might take a while for someone to feel friendly after you apologize. You might need to give the other person some time. Even after you say you’re sorry, you might still feel bad about what you said or did-but you can feel good about apologizing and about making up your mind to do better.
When someone apologizes to you, you might not feel like being friendly again right away. Once in a while, if a person doesn’t change, you might not want to be friends anymore. You might feel glad that the other person apologized and admitted being wrong. But if someone keeps behaving in mean ways or does something that keeps hurting, you might not feel the same way anymore. Just because someone apologizes to you doesn’t mean you have to be friendly again. That part is up to you.
1. The writer suggests that grown-ups should set a good example of ________.A.working hard |
B.making an apology |
C.doing good deeds |
D.making mistakes |
A.promising to do better |
B.a lot of good |
C.fixing mistakes |
D.saying I’m sorry |
A.I am really wrong. |
B.Excuse me. |
C.I beg your pardon? |
D.What’s wrong with you? |
A.politics |
B.history |
C.communication |
D.science |