The world celebrates Earth Day every year on April 22.But one school in Potomac,Maryland tries to honor Earth Day every day.Very young children are learning about the environment and taking action to show their love for the Earth.
A child’s world is the world of playing.They love being outside in the open air,running,sliding and swinging on playground equipment.But children at St.James Children’s School also add to that fun by picking up rubbish in the school.Inside,they learn to save water and electricity.They also recycle and reuse things.And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school garden.
The children at St.James range from six weeks to six years old.The environmental study begins at age two.Rebecca Boker teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth.Boker says every day at St.James is Earth Day.She points to books in all the classrooms and in the library.Most contain materials that urge children to do something to help the environment and protect the Earth.
St.James children observe the growth of plants from seeds to sprouts(苗,芽) in cups kept in the classroom.Then they watch the plants continue to grow after placing them in the garden.The students also observe the lifecycle of some insects.After that,they know it is their job to respect their home just like they want others to respect theirs.
But do these very young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate?Ms Boker says yes.On April 22 the kids at St.James will go out to the school’s garden for the yearly cleanup.But for them,Earth Day will continue for the school days ahead as well.
1. Which might be the best title for the passage?A.Earth Days at St.James Children’s School |
B.How to Celebrate Earth Day |
C.How to Protect the Environment |
D.Young Children’s Love and Respect for the Earth |
A.At the age of six weeks. |
B.At two years old. |
C.At age six. |
D.At age seven. |
A.teach the importance of respecting the Earth |
B.help the children write better compositions |
C.enrich the children’s knowledge in agriculture |
D.let the children enjoy the growth of life |
A.Anxious. | B.Surprised. |
C.Negative. | D.Positive. |
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【推荐1】We've heard many stories of individuals across the world who've adopted a zero-waste lifestyle, but it's not often that we come across an entire community trying to become waste-free. The residents (居民) of Kamikatsu in Japan take recycling so seriously that they actually hope to become the nation's first zero-waste community by 2020.
Kamikatsu has no garbage trucks, so residents need to compost (制成堆肥) their kitchen trash at home. They also have to wash and sort the rest of their trash into 34 different kinds, and bring it to the recycling center themselves where workers make sure the waste goes into the correct bins. It obviously took some time for the residents to get used to this rule, but they eventually managed to adapt to the strict changes and they are now seeing them as normal.
Kamikatsu has turned recycling into a new process — there are separate bins for different types of paper products. Even plastic bottles and their caps go into different bins. Many of these items are resold or repurposed (赋予新的用途) into clothing and toys. The labels on each bin let the residents know exactly what happens to their trash.
Reuse is highly encouraged in Kamikatsu — they have local kuru-kuru shops where residents can exchange used items with new things at no extra cost. Businesses are also encouraged to participate in responsible waste management.
A Kamikatsu resident said, “It can be a pain, and at first we were opposed to the idea. Now I don't think about it. It's become natural to separate the trash correctly.”
All the recycling facilities in Kamikatsu are managed by a Zero Waste Academy which also regularly hosts groups of local schoolchildren and foreign visitors, educating them on the benefits of a zero-waste lifestyle.
1. How do the residents of Kamikatsu deal with their trash?A.They throw it into garbage trucks. |
B.They recycle all their trash at home. |
C.They send it to the recycling center on their own. |
D.They turn all trash into compost beneficial to the soil. |
A.Trash is classified carefully. |
B.Bins tell the residents details of their trash. |
C.Used items are changed for new ones at lower price. |
D.Recycled items are reused by the residents themselves. |
A.He feels painful to deal with trash. |
B.He accepts the zero-waste community plan. |
C.He advises the Japanese to follow their example. |
D.He regards separating the trash as a waste of time. |
A.To tell us what happens to trash. |
B.To ask people to protect the environment. |
C.To introduce an inspiring waste-free community. |
D.To recommend people to compost kitchen trash. |
【推荐2】To make room for agriculture, trees and other plants are often cleared away so that farmers have space to grow crops. The clearing of forests forces many animals from their homes. They often flee the area in search of a new place to live. There is a big downside to that. Some of those animals are natural predators. They control pest populations. They can help to clear the fields of rats, mice, and other rodents that eat and damage crops.
This happened at one small farming village in Indonesia. After land was cleared for farming, rats and mice began appearing in large numbers. Villagers tried to target the animals by smoking them out and hunting them. But the villagers were unsuccessful.
So, one farmer decided to try another method- a natural one.
Pujo Arto brought owls to his farm. Owls, after all, are experts at hunting rodents. It is what they do. And it worked! However, Pujo Arto didn't stop with his own field. He set up a Natural Predator Program. Now, owls are busy catching rats and mice in the fields around the village of Tlogoweru. There is a huge upside: no need for chemical pesticides which can harm not only rodents, but other creatures.
In 2011, the Indonesian man began setting up boxes where the owls live. He is also raising owlets in the village. After about four months, the young birds are released. These facilities have raised more than owls. They have also raised awareness in the community about the importance of owls. They raised awareness within their community by building homes for those owls. At the same time, government officials helped to create laws to protect those owls.
In addition to controlling pests naturally, there is another upside to the program. His village is now a popular stop for eco-tourists. People interested in learning more about owls, wildlife protection and natural pest control come to his village to learn more.
1. Why did the owls get away from the land around the village?A.There was no food to eat. |
B.There were too many rats and mice. |
C.They were smoked away. |
D.They had no place to live. |
A.to use owls to catch the crop-damaging rodents |
B.to attract eco-tourists to the village |
C.to raise awareness of protecting forests |
D.to control pests by using chemical pesticides |
a. introducing owls
b. pests being controlled naturally
c. rodents appearing in large numbers.
d. clearing forests
A.abcd |
B.bcda |
C.dcab |
D.dabc |
A.The importance of protecting owls. |
B.Indonesian village uses owls to protect crops. |
C.The advantages of using natural predators in agriculture. |
D.The government's role in using owls to control pests. |
This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure (基础设施) replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient (周围的) air temperature to rise. Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation (蒸发) decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.
In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma (哮喘).
1. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A.Due to dark colored roads, urban areas are becoming hotter each year |
B.Dark colored surfaces reflect the sun’s heat, causing air temperatures to rise |
C.Because urban surfaces absorb heat, air and surface temperatures increase |
D.Rising ambient air temperatures lead to urban surfaces absorbing more heat |
A.The lack of trees |
B.The demand for refrigeration |
C.The blocking of solar radiation |
D.The construction of infrastructure. |
A.ignoring | B.improving |
C.highlighting | D.worsening |
A.giving typical examples |
B.following the time order |
C.presenting the effect and analyzing the cause |
D.analyzing a problem and seeking the solution |
【推荐1】Berlin-based Green City Solutions believes its moss(苔藓)walls, called City Trees, which are about 4m2 in size, can filter(过滤)up to 80% of pollution particles(微粒)out of the air, including the tiny ones linked to lung diseases.
The walls collect rainwater, which is pumped through a watering system to the plants using solar energy. These also drive fans to increase airflow through the plants. As a result, the company says its product filters 3. 500 m of air an hour, which is equal to the total amount of air breathed by 7,000 people in that time.
Alison Haynes at the University of Wollongong and her colleagues recently looked at how effectively moss and trees reduced pollution. They found that moss was up to four times better at trapping particles than the native Australian tree.
But this doesn’t mean moss walls will necessarily protect people from pollution at busy bus stops, says Zoran Ristovski at the Queensland University of Technology. In a small room, a moss wall only needs to filter a relatively small amount of new air each hour, but tens or hundreds of times this amount of air is pushed past by buses, he says. Therefore, a moss wall in a street is unlikely to make any difference.
Different solutions will be needed, says Ruby Michael at Griffith University. Where streets are crowded with tall buildings on both sides, she says, tree planting can backfire(适得其反)because trees can reduce airflow and therefore moss walls may be a better choice.
Cities are unlikely to rush to replace their trees just yet. “It’s important to remember that street trees provide a whole host of other benefits, including habitat for urban wildlife, shelter from the sun for people on the street, and reduction of urban heat islands,” says Michael.
1. What is the main function of City Trees?A.Reusing rainwater. | B.Treating lung diseases. |
C.Improving air quality. | D.Greening city streets. |
A.They work better on busy streets. | B.They are suitable for indoor use. |
C.They may fail to serve their purpose. | D.They are unlikely to change heavy traffic. |
A.Street trees cause urban heat islands. |
B.Building City Trees is at the top of the list. |
C.Moss walls around tall buildings should be removed. |
D.Measures should be taken according to local conditions. |
A.A better solution to air pollution. | B.A new path towards healthier air. |
C.The benefits of adopting moss walls. | D.The comparison between moss and trees. |
【推荐2】When dogs get lonely, they like keeping themselves busy by making a big mess around the house and that doesn’t really sit well with their owners. That’s why one German radio host, who also happens to be a dog owner came up with the idea for a programme designed to relax dogs and make them feel like they aren’t alone.
When 30-year-old Stephan Stock, a radio host at RadioTon, in Germany’s BadenWürttemberg region, announced the creation of a programme aimed at dogs, everyone thought it was just a clever April Fools trick. However, it wasn’t. For the past three and a half months, Hallo Hasso has been pumping out music for lonely dogs both on the radio and online.
Stock says he was inspired to create the special programme by his pet dog, Layla, who would sometimes get so bored when left alone that she would keep herself busy by making a big mess around the house. He and his colleagues at RadioTon started researching what kind of music usually appeals to dogs, and learnt that it should have as little drum and electric guitar as possible, and should be very slow.
“It’s not about keeping dogs quiet,” Stock said about Hallo Hasso. “It’s more about the dog feeling he’s not alone.” He adds that Layla isn’t as restless since listening to Hallo Hasso, and has become relatively quiet, even letting him take a nap (打盹儿) to the music from the radio.
Hallo Hasso is only available in BadenWürttemberg, via radio, but if you’d like to see if it can calm your fourlegged pet, the programme can also be accessed online here. Just press the “play” arrow at the top of the page and let the music work its magic. If this doesn’t work, there’s always Dog TV.
1. What do lonely dogs usually do?A.Bark fiercely. | B.Lie quietly. |
C.Create surprise. | D.Cause damage. |
A.They thought poorly of it. |
B.They didn’t take it seriously. |
C.They showed great interest in it. |
D.They eagerly expected its broadcast. |
A.It’s accessible only by radio. |
B.It aims at keeping dogs quiet. |
C.It has no specific limit on music types. |
D.It’s a product of Stock’s own life experience. |
A.On a webpage. | B.In a newspaper. |
C.In a pet magazine. | D.In a research report. |
【推荐3】Peppered moth caterpillars (桦尺蠖毛虫)live north of the equator. But if you’ve never seen one, don’t feel bad: They’re experts at blending in (融为一体). Each caterpillar looks like the branch it stays on, straightening its body into a stick-like shape. It also changes its color to match the branch’s color, whether white, green or brown.
According to a paper published in Communications Biology, the caterpillars sense the color of their surroundings not only with their eyes but also with their skin.
Ilik Saccheri, an author of the paper, normally studies the adult moth. This requires keeping a lot of caterpillars around. Years of observation awakened his curiosity about their color-changing abilities. Each caterpillar hatches tiny and black, and in its early days is blown around by the wind. Once it falls on a plant, it must disguise itself to avoid being spotted by birds.
“I was a bit disbelieving that they could change that only using their eyes,” Dr. Saccheri said.
Amy Eacock, a graduate student in Dr. Saccheri’s lab decided to investigate. First, she tested the caterpillars’ eyes for light-sensitive proteins called opsins (视蛋白). “We did the skin as kind of a negative control,” said Dr. Eacock. “But then we found they were expressed in the skin as highly as they were in the head.”
That’s when she suggested blindfolding the caterpillars. The researchers could cover their eyes, place them on different-colored dowels (木钉) , and see if they still changed to match.
“I thought it was kind of a crazy idea,” Dr. Saccheri said. The blindfolding itself was a difficult task, involving black paint, a tiny paintbrush, a microscope and lots of patience, Dr. Eacock said. Caterpillars molt (蜕皮) several times over their lives, which required that they be blindfolded again frequently.
But Dr. Eacock persisted, eventually testing more than 300 caterpillars. Over and over again, the blindfolded caterpillars successfully changed color to blend in.
Many questions remain, but the behavior alone impressed the researchers. Dr. Eacock said, “I remember turning to Ilik one day and saying, ‘You know what? The caterpillars are cooler than the moths.’” “Yes. They’re pretty amazing,” Dr. Saccheri agreed.
1. What can we learn about peppered moth caterpillars?A.They feed on fresh tree branches. |
B.They can be found easily across the world. |
C.They can adapt to different environments. |
D.They change their body color to match living conditions. |
A.Caterpillars have a fear of height. |
B.There are opsins in caterpillars’ skin. |
C.Caterpillars molt several times in their life. |
D.There is something strange in caterpillars’ eyes. |
A.It was hard to operate. |
B.It was well designed. |
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. |
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. |
A.To solve a mystery. | B.To introduce a new species. |
C.To present a scientific study. | D.To awaken readers’ curiosity. |