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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:81 题号:14015086

Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians."

Obviously the national stereotypes in this old joke are generalizations(普遍化), but such stereotypes are often said to "exist for a reason". Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.

"National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing," said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. "These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you," McCrae said.

If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.

Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.

We may be "hard-wired", to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.

1. The stereotype about Italians is________.
A.strict but thoughtfulB.friendly and good-tempered
C.dreamy and impracticalD.romantic but disorganized
2. According to social scientists, national stereotypes are not always correct because________.
A.they are formed by individual historians
B.what was true in the past may not be true at the present
C.generalizations are made through personal experience
D.people tend to have false idea about other cultures
3. According to the research team led by McCrae, national stereotypes are________.
A.interestingB.harmfulC.humorousD.unreliable
4. The underlined word "hard-wired" in the last paragraph probably means________.
A.forgetfulB.changeableC.fixedD.helpless

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【推荐1】Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenger ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary according to experts.

Professor Moshe Vardi, who works in Rice University, says that many middle-class professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers more leisure(休闲)time than they have ever experienced and as a result, the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rate greater than 50 percent.

“We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task,” said Vardi, “Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face question before it’s upon us. If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do? The question I want to put forward is, ‘Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind?’”

Prof. Vardi said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middle-class jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing.

But Prof. Vardi is not sure that a workforce of human like robots will be good for mankind. “A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue leisure activities,” he said. “I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure-only life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human well-being.” He added, “Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do?”

1. According to the text, what is human’s “biggest challenge ever”?
A.The most challenging jobs.
B.Seeking the significance of life.
C.The rise of unemployment rates.
D.No necessary work for humanity.
2. What is Prof. Vardi concerned about?
A.Whether robotic and AI technologies are good for humans.
B.Whether robots can rule humans within 30 years.
C.The unemployment rate is increasing greatly.
D.The development of robots is rapid enough.
3. What does Prof. Vardi think of the leisure-only life?
A.Realistic and comfortable.
B.Unpleasant and unattractive.
C.Entertaining and pleasing.
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4. We can infer from the text that we ________ in the future.
A.will be in short of labor force
B.can have a surplus of products
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,在决定学生在学校表现如何方面,好奇心和智力同样重要。然而,好奇心目前面临的最大威胁来自科技。因此,在21世纪培养好奇心的真正关键,或许是减少对我们这个时代技术工具的依赖。

【推荐2】Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people — especially children — not to ask too many questions.     1     In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school. Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveries, bring excitement into our lives, and open up new possibilities.     2     For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil and a magnet when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. At first, it wasn’t clear what use this would have, but it actually made electricity available for use in technology, and so changed the world.

    3     On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore. While it may be possible for a curious teenager to take a toaster apart and get some sense of how it works, how much do you understand about what happens when you type a website address into a browser? Where does your grasp of technology end and the magic begin for you?

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【推荐3】Former NBA great Tracy McGrady has called for the league to call off the regular season in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic(流行病).

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