Most people have map apps on their phones that can show their location and guide them to where they want to go. But how do these apps know your location at any time or place? They find you by using satellite navigation(satnav)systems(卫星导航系统).
A satnav system uses groups of satellites to find the user’s location. This location information is then sent to a receiver, such as a smartphone.
The first satnav system was the Global Positioning System(GPS),which belongs to the United States. First used in 1964, the system is the world’s leading satnav system. But China’s satnav system, Beidou, has overtaken(超过)GPS in size, Japan’s Nikkei Asian Review reported.
China sent Beidou’s first navigation satellite into space in 2000. China also became the third country to build a satnav system after the US and Russia, People’s Daily reported. As of right now, over 30 countries in Africa and the Middle East are using the Beidou system.
With its world-leading technology, Beidou is leading Chinese citizens to a better life by playing significant(重要的)roles in different areas,according to Xinhua News Agency.
For example, as of April, over 6.2 million vehicles(车辆)in China were using Beidou for navigation, according to a report on the Beidou system’s construction(建造)and development.
At the newly-built Beijing Daxing International Airport, Beidou has been used to keep track of(追踪)loading and unloading vehicles indoors and outdoors. When the airport fully opens, each baggage cart will have Beidou navigation equipment to help passengers get their luggage faster.
1. What do map apps depend on to find a user’s location?A.satellites | B.computers | C.receivers | D.smartphones |
A.The US. | B.Japan. | C.China. | D.Russia. |
A.Its first group of satellites was sent into space in 2001. | B.It offers services to other countries. |
C.The number of satellites it uses is the same as GPS. | D.It has become the world’s best satnav system. |
A.Why most vehicles are using the Beidou system. | B.How Beidou will improve service quality at airports. |
C.How the Beidou system is being used. | D.Who will be interested in using Beidou. |
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【推荐1】Australian scientists have started vaccinating (接种疫苗) wild koalas against the disease Chlamydia (衣原体病) in an ambitious trial in New South Wales (NSW). They want to test a way to protect the animals against the widespread condition that causes blindness, the inability to have babies, and death.
“It’s killing koalas because they become so sick that they can’t climb trees to get food, and females are unable to have babies,” said Dr. Samuel Phillips, a microbiologist at the University of the Sunshine Coast.
Around half of the wild koala population in the Northern Rivers region of NSW—about 50 animals—will be caught and vaccinated. “We want to evaluate what percentage of the koalas we need to vaccinate to meaningfully reduce infection and disease,”said Dr. Phillips.
The first koalas were caught and vaccinated in March and the effort is expected to last about three months. Researchers use telescopes to spot koalas in the trees, then build fences around the tree bases with doors leading into cages. After a few hours or days, the koalas climb down from one tree to seek tasty leaves on another and wander into the harmless traps.
After a cheek-up to make sure the animals are in good condition, researchers give them anaesthesia (麻醉) to make them sleep before they administer the vaccine. They watch the koalas’health for 24 hours after they wake up to make sure there are no side effects. The goal is to vaccinate healthy koalas to prevent them from becoming infected with chlamydia. The researchers mark the koalas’backs with pink dye so the same animals aren’t caught twice.
It is not known what caused koalas to catch chlamydia, but the scientists believe it was probably from exposure to the infected sheep and cattle. It spreads when koalas mate, or it can be passed from a mother to her babies.
1. Why was the ambitious trial started?A.To establish a wildlife reserve. | B.To attract the tourists of all ages. |
C.To test a newly developed vaccine. | D.To reduce infection among koalas. |
A.Uncaring. | B.Doubtful. | C.Concerned. | D.Cautious. |
A.Dangerous. | B.Demanding. | C.Simple. | D.Useless. |
A.Why koalas suffer from the disease. | B.How researchers recognize koalas. |
C.What a koala family largely feeds on. | D.When a female koala can have a baby. |
【推荐2】Unusually bright light in the sky that appeared suddenly last June has got astronomers in great excitement, After months of study, they still aren’t sure what the object — university referred to as the “Cow” — is, whatever it is, says astronomer Lilian Rivera Sandoval or Texas Tech University in Lubbock, “It’s super strange and we are obsessed with its study.”
The Cow first appeared in telescope observations on 16 June 2018, in what turned out to be small galaxy about 200 million light years away. “When we saw that we thought, let’s get on this.” says Daniel Perley, an astronomer at Liverpool John Moore University.
The early observations confirmed the Caw was truly strange. It didn’t show the obvious changes in its light output that an exploding star would make. Sandoval ways as soon as she and colleagues Anew the Cow was truly distant, they requested time on NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory to see what the Cow was doing in X-rays. Although the X-ray brightness varied over the early weeks, “the spectrum didn’t change, which is very unusual,” she notes. After 3 weeks, the X-ray signal began to vary more wildly while also dropping off in brightness.
Many astronomers agree that the long and steady duration of the event means that it was powered after an initial explosion by some form of central engine. But what that engine may be is also far from clear. Some argue that it could be a very unusual star whose central part has collapsed inward after it exploded. Others say it is a tidal disruption event — a star being torn apart by a black hole. But that usually requires the supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, and the Cow is situated in its galaxy’s arm. So, some say, il could be a tidal disruption event generated by an intermediate mass black hole, although evidence for the existence of such smaller black holes remains controversial. “All explanations have problems,” Sandoval says, “I hope there are more Cows.”
1. What is astronomers’ main concern about the Cow?A.When it appears. | B.How it forms. |
C.What it is. | D.Where it is from. |
A.The Cow is a not typical exploding star in the galaxy. |
B.The changes of X-rays brightness proved the Cow unique. |
C.The Cow is not far from the Earth and easy to study. |
D.The X-ray test helped find accurate features of the Cow. |
A.The research results help little. | B.More Cows will appear. |
C.Extra attention should be paid to the Cow. | D.More information is needed. |
A.Astronomers conducted an interesting experiment at NASA. |
B.The Cow has aroused astronomers’ passion in its research. |
C.There exists a wide range of changes in the galaxies. |
D.The discovery of the Cow is a great achievement. |
【推荐3】Name-calling, teasing, pushing and fighting — whether you have experienced it or not, the chances are that these are the things that appear in your mind when you hear the word “bullying”. Yet, many of us know little about the serious, lasting harms bullying could cause.
If you’ve watched 13 Reasons Why, you’ll understand the impacts that bullying can have. The second season of the popular US teenage drama was released on May 18. It tells the story of Hannah Baker, a high school student who takes her own life after she’s picked on by fellow students, while others stand by and do nothing to help her.
One of the important messages audiences could get from the show is to treat people with kindness and respect. “It teaches us that every single thing we say and do has an impact on others,” news platform Odyssey noted.
Some may think 13 Reasons Why exaggerates(夸大) the seriousness of school bullying, but according to the US National Center for Educational Statistics, more than 20 percent of US students were bullied in 2016, and only 36% of this group reported it.
NBA player Gerald Green opened up about being called “alien hands” during his teenage years due to his big hands. “Being bullied was embarrassing,” he said. “I still remember shying away from crowds and walking around with my hands in my pockets to evade the attention from my peers.” To get away with the teasing, he found his motivation by playing basketball and making a career out of it. But not everyone is so lucky to discover a release.
According to statistics released by the US government, if someone prevents a bully, there’s a 57% chance that the bullying will stop within 10 seconds. So if you ever witness bullying, consider stepping up and supporting the victim. As US actor Brandon Flynn, who stars in 13 Reasons Why, said, “Just because you’re not the one getting bullied, it doesn’t mean it’s not your problem.”
1. What does the US National Center for Educational Statistics indicate?A.Bullying isn’t a problem in many schools. |
B.School bullying can’t cause too much pain. |
C.Only a few people are concerned about bullying. |
D.Many people who’re bullied choose not to seek help. |
A.Attract. | B.Focus. | C.Avoid. | D.Keep. |
A.To add some background information. |
B.To encourage eyewitnesses to take action. |
C.To introduce a new topic of the discussion. |
D.To give people advice about dealing with bullying. |
A.It overstates school bullying. | B.It was first shown on May 18. |
C.It is mainly about school bullying. | D.It shows few people can report bullying. |
【推荐1】Wang Yaping went into space aboard the Shenzhou Ⅷ on October 16th, 2021. She became the first Chinese female astronaut (女航天员) to enter Tiangong space station.
Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman,” she told Xinhua.
The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. But she didn’t give in. That strong spirit finally made her dream come true in 2013.
Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages (优势). “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.”
Wang Yaping sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.
1. When did Wang dreamed of being an astronaut?A.In 2010. | B.In 2003. | C.In 2013. | D.In 2021. |
A.the space environment is easy to change |
B.only men can go to space station in the world |
C.both male and female astronauts can go to space |
D.men and women will face the same difficulties in space |
A.Relaxed. | B.Interested. | C.Uncomfortable. | D.Strong. |
【推荐2】NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has taken its first image of a planet outside of our solar system. The telescope recorded four different views of HIP 65426 b, a large planet about 6 to 12 times the mass of the planet Jupiter.
“This is a historie moment, not only for Webb but also for astronomy generally,” said Sasha Hinkley, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Exeter. Astronomers discovered HIP 65426 b in 2017 using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. It is a young exoplanet (系外行星) around 15 to 20 million years old — Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
According to NASA, taking direct images of exoplanets presents a challenge because stars are much brighter than their surrounding planets — HIP 65426 b is more than 10,000 times duller than its host star in the near-infrared (近红外光), and a few thousand times duller in the mid-infrared.
Webb has a near-infrared camera and mid-infrared instrument, which are both equipped with coronagraphs (日冕仪). “It was really impressive how well the Webb coronagraphs worked to suppress the light of the host star,” Prof. Hinkley said. Since the planet is around 100 times further away from its host star than Earth is from the Sun, the telescope can easily separate it from the star in the image.
Although this is not the first direct image of an exoplanet taken from space, as the Hubble Space Telescope has taken direct exoplanet images previously, the image points the way to future observations that will disclose more information about exoplanets. “I think what’s most exciting is that we’ve only just begun,” said Aarynn Carter, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California. “There are many more images of exoplanets to come that will shape our overall understanding of their physics, chemistry, and formation. We may even discover previously unknown planets, too.”
1. What can be inferred about HIP 65426 b?A.It was first observed in Chile. | B.It is a planet of the solar system. |
C.It is about the size of Jupiter. | D.It has a longer history than Earth. |
A.It’s very close to its host star. | B.Infrared cameras can’t spot it. |
C.It’s surrounded by other planets. | D.The light of its host star is too strong. |
A.Strengthen. | B.Block. | C.Identify. | D.Adjust. |
A.It is the only image of exoplanets. | B.It is useful in exploring other exoplanets. |
C.It provides details of the exoplanet. | D.It helps understand the solar system better. |
【推荐3】Chinese scientists have discovered a new water reservoir (储备) on the moon in the form of glass beads (珠子), which could have major significance for finding out water of the earth’s only natural satellite and potentially obtaining them to support future lunar missions.
A study published in the journal Nature Geoscience last week revealed soil samples collected by China’s Chang’e-5 lunar probe contained glass beads that held water in the form of hydroxyl. These glass beads are created when meteoroids (流星体) hit the moon’s surface, throwing up hot molten droplets which then cool and turn solid. They function like a sponge, taking in hydrogen atoms carried by the solar wind to form hydroxyl, thus playing an important role in the water cycle of the lunar surface.
While each bead only holds a tiny amount of water, these glass balls can be seen everywhere on the moon and researchers estimated lunar soils could store as much as 270 billion metric tons of water. For decades, scientists thought the moon was completely dry until discoveries in recent years revealed its soil could hold water. “The moon potentially holding 270 billion metric tons of water is quite substantial, though it pales in comparison to the amount of water in the earth’s oceans,” said Hu Sen, a researcher from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of the key scientists behind the study.
These findings not only provide insights into the origins, storage, and transportation of water on celestial bodies without atmospheres, but they also may prove helpful for planning and building a sustainable human habitat on these planets, he added.
However, the specific origins of the water on the lunar surface remain a mystery. The study presented several potential sources, including solar wind implantation, the release of trapped gas when the moon was hot and volcanically active, and so on.
1. What is the use of the glass beads?A.Absorbing water. | B.Drying water. | C.Creating water. | D.Recycling water. |
A.The moon was a dry place for decades. |
B.The moon holds as much water as the earth does. |
C.Scientists discovered the moon could store much water. |
D.The amount of water on the moon is comparatively large. |
A.The research findings are beneficial. | B.Further research needs to be done. |
C.Water sources have been identified. | D.More breakthroughs will be made. |
A.New Discovery: Water on the Moon | B.New Finding: Glass Beads on a Satellite |
C.Future Habitat for Humans: The Moon | D.Future Missions: China’s Chang’e Lunar Probes |