There is a food-related expression involving something that most cultures have – bread. Some people like to eat their bread with eggs, while some people like to spread chocolate on top. But one of the best things to put on bread – especially if it is warm and fresh — is butter (黄油)!
Bread and butter is a popular combination, but "bread and butter" also means something almost as comforting – a way to make money.Some word experts believe that the phrase "bread and butter" began in Europe and England during the Middle Ages. At that time, many farmers could only afford bread and butter as their entire meal, or they would eat it with soup.
So, bread and butter was a basic food, which is what the expression "bread and butter" meant for many years — a basic thing for life. After you got your bread and butter, you could then buy more things for your home.Then around the 1600s, the meaning changed. People began using it to mean the way they made a living.
This is the origin. Below is how you can use it.
Let's say you really like to write and sing songs, but you do not make enough money doing those things to pay for your housing, food, and other costs. So you get a job as a website designer. If someone asks what you do, you could say, "Well, I'm a musician, but designing websites is my bread and butter."
In other words, designing websites pays your bills. Making music does not. So, you count on web design for your "bread and butter".
For some people, it is important to have a bread-and-butter job. They get nervous if their jobs are not stable, without a continuous pay check coming in. Being a doctor is a good bread-and-butter job. If you are a teacher, you could say teaching is your bread and butter.
1. What did "bread and butter" mean in the Middle Ages?A.The only food that people ate. | B.Food that many farmers liked. |
C.A basic thing for life. | D.More things that people could buy. |
A.The musician prefers designing websites to writing and singing songs. |
B.The musician makes a living by designing websites. |
C.Designing websites is as comforting as eating bread and butter. |
D.The musician designs websites for bread-and-butter shops. |
A.Regular. | B.Exciting. | C.Unique. | D.Safe. |
A.How people in different places eat bread and butter. |
B.The importance of bread and butter to people. |
C.The reason why people created the saying "bread and butter". |
D.The origin and usages of the phrase "bread and butter". |
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【推荐1】There are many ways in which you can add a little bit of excitement to your life, and learning a second language is definitely one you should consider.
Travel abroad with confidence.
If you want to get some adventure, then going to a foreign country is one great way of getting started. However, if the thought of heading off somewhere abroad is a worry for you, then you might want to consider whether speaking the language would let you travel more confidently.
Get off the beaten track.
Speaking to the locals is another must if you want a trip which is full of action. These are the people who know where the parties, the festivals and the big sporting events are going on.
A.Learn before you go. |
B.Learn from the locals. |
C.Of course, you can learn while you are abroad. |
D.If you never thought about doing this, here are a few reasons to do so. |
E.Being fluent in the local tongue also means more opportunities open up for you. |
F.Travelling is less stressful when you know what the people around you are saying. |
G.If you’ve felt alone or left out in a foreign country, this could be the ideal solution. |
【推荐2】I’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.
The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?
These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.
The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?
Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”
Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.
Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.
Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.
An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.
Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.
1. The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A.the employees are proud of their company |
B.to err is human |
C.holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of language |
D.managers are so busy as to be careless with their language |
A.use the former | B.use the latter |
C.ask the author for advice | D.turn to Microsoft Word |
A.consult | B.follow |
C.object | D.yield |
A.Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer. |
B.Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limited vocabulary. |
C.Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly. |
D.The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models. |
【推荐3】International Mother Language Day is celebrated on 21 February every year. This day shall remind us about the many different languages that exist in the world. It is used to create awareness(意识) of the importance of our home languages.
Languages help us communicate our ideas, understandings and feelings. We also use our language to share our identity which means our cultural traditions, our customs and beliefs.
Many languages are unique(独一无二的) to a country, although English is the most spoken language around the world by non-native speakers. Non-native speakers are all those who learn a language as their second or foreign language.
Did you know that there are over 7,000 languages spoken in the world? Though only 5% of those languages are represented on the internet! The languages most used on the internet are English, Russian and German.
Chinese (Mandarin), Spanish, English, Arabic and Hindi are the most spoken languages around the world but they are not represented in the same order in written text. And not all languages exist in written form at all. Some languages in Africa such as Southern Ndebele only received their first written text in recent years.
Many languages which are spoken worldwide only have few mother tongue speakers and some were never written. Languages with few speakers are mainly found in Oceania, southern Asia, Africa and the Amazon area in South America. In fact, one language dies out every two weeks, as the language is not used anymore.
1. International Mother Language Day is celebrated to ________.A.encourage us to learn more foreign languages |
B.help us communicate our ideas and feelings |
C.share our identity between different countries |
D.make us realize the importance of mother languages |
A.Over 7,000. | B.About 6,650. |
C.Over 1,400 | D.About 350. |
A.Not all languages have written form. |
B.One language disappears every other day. |
C.Languages with few speakers appear in Europe. |
D.The language most used on the internet is Chinese. |
【推荐1】Before COVID-19, a friend, named Mark, who lived in a southern English village, used to commute to London. He'd leave home at 7:45 a.m. and return at 9:00 p.m., upset and worn out. He rarely saw his children, let alone his neighbours.
Now he works remotely from his garden, takes the kids to school and has used his spare time to volunteer to manage a village tennis club. He has gone from a commuter to a key member of the community. He isn't alone. In the former commuter belts of big cities, remote work is now creating the community. Is this a net gain for humanity, or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?
Commuting worsened the decline of life. Ever fewer Americans knew their neighbours, worked as a volunteer or went bowling in clubs any more. Every 10 minutes of commuting results in 10 percent fewer social connections. The Office for National Statistics found fewer chats or exchanges of favours with neighbours, a weakening sense of local belonging and falling membership of "political, voluntary, professional or recreational organizations" in 2018 Compared with 2012.
I'd seen this over the decades in the neighbourhood where I finished school and where I still had family. At some point the church on the high street was replaced by a pub. Once people stopped gathering in pubs too, the place became a bad chain restaurant. I returned to the neighbourhood last month. COVID-19 has transformed it into a 15-minute suburb, where all the necessities of life are a walk away. Many residents now work from home. Everyone goes for a morning run, exchanging favours and, afterwards, parents appear in local coffee shops or hot-yoga Studios.
You may make fun of these new urban daily life all you like, but they are what makes up the 21st-century community. After a week there, I was waving to familiar faces on the street. It felt like the suburban idyll in the 1950s recalled by the Beatles in "Penny Lane", with the coffee shops where “all the people that come and go/stop and say hello”.
Some people worry that the neighbourhood revival will kill off city centres. But in the long term, that won't happen in attractive cities. The people living in suburbs are going to London a day or so a week, and they'll go more often when nightlife and cultural areas revive. They love central London. Some would happily move there. They just don't want to commute there every day. David Milder, an expert living downtown, sees Central Business Districts giving way to "Central Social Districts".
1. Which of the following can best describe Mark' life before COVID-19?A.Normal. | B.Stable. | C.Peaceful. | D.Stressful. |
A.The changes of people's lifestyles. | B.The impacts commuting has on life. |
C.The diversity of means of transport. | D.The appearance of local communities. |
A.Community life makes people live more leisurely. |
B.There are great differences between communities. |
C.People long desperately to live in the countryside. |
D.New urban life needs people to work in the fields. |
A.Unclear. | B.Intolerant. | C.Optimistic. | D.Doubtful. |
The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light, but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time. Dr. Ian Morgan is the lead author of the study. “I think what's happened in South-East Asia is that we've got
The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in short-sightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several different racial groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of short-sightedness.
The authors suggest that compulsory time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.
1. What does the passage mainly talk about ?
A.Educational achievement in Asia. |
B.Sight problems in South-East Asia. |
C.Risk of visual impairment and blindness. |
D.Massive educational pressures |
A.Many infants’ naps and massive educational pressures. |
B.Hard work at school and the construction of a child's day. |
C.Educational pressures and the lack of exposure to outdoor light. |
D.Genetic factors and the minimised time spent outside in bright light. |
A.genetic factors play a big role in short-sightedness |
B.it has several different racial groups |
C.all Singaporeans are shortsighted now |
D.the environment has greater effect on people’s eyes |
A.we should spend enough time outdoors |
B.infants should not nap during lunch time |
C.students should not work hard at school |
D.educational authorities are to blame for short-sightedness |
【推荐3】Five months ago, a new species of box jellyfish was discovered in Hong Kong. It is a relative of the deadly Australian box jellyfish, one of the most venomous (有毒的) animals on Earth. One sting (刺伤) from it can kill a person in minutes.
A university team in Hong Kong, led by Qiu Jianwen from the Hong Kong Baptist University, discovered it at the Mai Po Nature Reserve, a local wetland area. It was the first discovery of a new box jellyfish species in Chinese waters.
But it’s not the first time biology professor Qiu has discovered a new creature. He’s made more than 30 discoveries in about 20 years spent exploring new marine (海洋的) animals.
Qiu doesn’t go looking for new species on purpose. In 2014, he did research on the health of coral in Hong Kong waters. To learn more, Qiu and his team needed to find all of the coral species involved. And in doing so, they discovered four new coral species.
Finding new species reminds Qiu of how biologically diverse Hong Kong’s waters are. Hong Kong takes up just 0.03 percent of China’s total marine area, yet it is home to more than 25 percent of all marine species recorded in China, a report by the University of Hong Kong showed.
However, Hong Kong’s marine animals face threats, due to factors including habitat loss, climate change and overuse of natural resources.
Although action is being taken, it focuses more on bigger creatures, like dolphins and birds. “Many marine species are small and they are often overlooked. If these species were to become extinct, few people would notice or care. But for me, each one has its rightful place,” said Qiu.
He hopes everyone can recognize the importance of the ocean. “When more people show concern for the ocean, we are, in fact, acting for our own benefit,” he said.
1. Where was the new species of box jellyfish found?A.In a university lab of HK. | B.In the ocean of Australia. |
C.In a nature reserve of HK. | D.In a wetland of Australia. |
A.To find new species of coral for the study. |
B.To study the health condition of coral. |
C.To study the living environment of coral. |
D.To find all coral species in the world. |
A.All of them are dying out. |
B.No action is being taken to protect them. |
C.Habitat loss is the biggest threat to them. |
D.Some of them were discovered by chance. |
A.Small marine species aren’t protected as they deserve. |
B.Bigger creatures like dolphins and birds should be better protected. |
C.People are now taking action to better protect small marine species. |
D.More and more people are aware of the extinction of small marine species. |