When asked what his father did for a living, my son explained to his kindergarten teacher that “he steals things, but it's O.K. because he gets paid to do it.”
He wasn't wrong.
I'm a hacker, and I run a team of hackers. We spend our days discovering ways to break into anything that can connect to the Internet, to access information never meant to be seen. If we get to it before a criminal does, then we've done our job.
I'm proud of what I do for a living, just like doctors or lawyers are proud of the work they do. In Hollywood, hackers are often described as hooded(戴着兜帽的)figures in dark rooms involved in illegal activity while tapping keyboards. Actually, hackers are expert at programming and problem-solving with computers. Companies hire hackers to find their breaking point before criminals do.
Hacking is an activity, and what separates any activity from a crime is permission. Drivers are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles per hour - that's illegal. Bankers can transfer their clients' money, but if they do so without permission, that's illegal.
Hacking isn't an inherently(本质上)criminal activity. Someone who involves in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a “bad hacker” but a “threat actor”. Hackers are people like me and my team at IBM - security professionals.
Hackers play a critical role in keeping companies and people safe. At IBM, one thing my team does is hack autonomous vehicles, planes and trains to make sure that every possible security weakness is found and corrected before each machine is shipped. Imagine what bad things could happen without us.
1. Why did the author mention his son's words in paragraph 1?A.To show off his son's intelligence. |
B.To describe the daily life in kindergarten. |
C.To raise readers' interest in his job. |
D.To raise a problem of parent-child relation. |
A.Hackers can both be males and females. |
B.Hackers can ensure a company's security. |
C.Hackers are usually considered as criminals. |
D.Hackers are extremely proud of what they do. |
A.Hacking is an inherently criminal activity. |
B.Permission plays an important role in hacking. |
C.Professional skills are not necessary for hacking. |
D.Hacking involves breaking into shops and houses. |
A.To introduce the job of hackers. |
B.To attract more hackers to IBM. |
C.To stress the importance of hackers. |
D.To compare hacking with other jobs. |
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【推荐1】If you feel sleepy every morning, don't blame yourself. Your work schedule could be to blame.
A recent research shows that, for many of us, our work schedules do not agree with our natural body clocks—and experts are urging employers to take notice.
“When work schedules agree with people's natural sleep patterns, they produce higher quality and more creative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. The opposite is also true—when employees are sleep deprived, they are more likely to make major mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries,” said Christopher Barnes, a management professor from the University of Washington.
“But it's not just about the amount of sleep you get. Whether you can be productive at 8 a.m. depends on your own body. Human beings each have an internal body clock,” said Till Roenneberg, a professor at LudwigMaximilian University in Munich. And that clock can differ greatly depending on the person.
“It's like feet,” said Roenneberg. “Some people are born with big feet and some with small feet, but most people are somewhere in the middle.”
Many companies start the work day at 8 a.m. or 9 a.m., putting their work schedules in disagreement with their employees' body clock. That mismatch, along with the pressure from work at all hours of the day and night, means that many people suffer from “social jetlag”. In other words, their bodies are always in the wrong time zone. He estimates that more than 70% of people get up earlier than they should.
“There is an old saying that sleep is for the weak,” said Roenneberg. “But I do feel like it doesn't help to have shortened sleep.”
1. According to the author, many people feel sleepy in the morning because________.A.they start to work too early | B.they are not in good health |
C.they have no interest in their work | D.they stay up too late the night before |
A.The influences of lack of sleep. |
B.The possible causes of poor sleep. |
C.The useful ways to improve our sleep. |
D.The connection between sleep and work performance. |
A.people are born with feet of different sizes |
B.people's body clocks differ from person to person |
C.it is the most important to wear shoes of the right size |
D.it is most important to obey our natural body clocks |
A.Sleep is for the weak. | B.The early bird catches the worm. |
C.Plenty of sleep contributes to good work. | D.The more you sleep, the less work you can do. |
【推荐2】During the pandemic, millions of people replaced their large open-plan offices with their living rooms. Now, some companies say their employees need never come back in.
Brynn Harrington, Vice President of Facebook, said, “Facebook believes that remote work is the future. We want to be able to give our employees choice to live and build lives in places that they love, and we want to increase our ability to hire from places around the world, not just places where we currently have offices.”
Not everyone approves of working from home. Some people are eager to get back into the office. Facebook estimates that more than half of its staff could work remotely in the coming years, but it insists the move is not about saving costs. And it says it’s committed to keeping its offices open.
Other tech giants such as Microsoft and Twitter have also indicated staff could stay remote — even after lockdowns ease. On Wall Street, they seem less enthusiastic about the idea. The boss of Goldman Sachs rejected working from home as a new normal — labelling it an “aberration” instead. There are also fears that it could create more inequality.
For many companies, the answer probably lies somewhere in the middle — with workers dividing their time between office and home.
Tushar Agarwal from Hubble said, “The office does have a future. We believe the future is hybrid (混合). We believe the future is flexible. The demand for flexible workspace has just gone through the roof. Just in the month of March, we’re back to about sixty to seventy percent of pre-Covid levels, and actually huge amounts of companies that are demanding flexible space used to be in traditional rent space, so now people want more and more flexibility than ever before.”
One thing’s clear — the world of work will look very different to how it did before this crisis.
1. Why do some companies prefer home-working?A.It can save cost. |
B.It creates more equality. |
C.It decreases interpersonal conflicts. |
D.It offers more possibilities for companies. |
A.Objective. | B.Varied. |
C.Intolerant. | D.Favorable. |
A.A normal thing. | B.A flexible thing. |
C.An interesting thing. | D.An untypical thing. |
A.It will remain unchanged. |
B.It will mainly be remote work. |
C.It will mix different types of working places. |
D.It will have an open space in a large building. |
No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you’re not careful, the word “crash” could become more than figurative.
We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else.
Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whether you’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it.
I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.
Some companies don’t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits —— such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.
A.Priority should definitely be given to your day job. |
B.The same goes for your notes and other paperwork. |
C.It’s up to you to find a system and stick with it. |
D.Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B. |
E.Keep firm dividers between your different jobs. |
F.Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label which variety they are. |
【推荐1】①Since the first Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei reached the space with Shenzhou V, we have continued the Chinese Flying Dream to new chapters. On the evening of November 29, Shenzhou XV was successfully launched (发射) from Jiuquan Center. Shenzhou XV is of great meaning for Chinese space work and made some great achievements (成就) that were never seen before.
②The first was the huge number of jobs Shenzhou XV’s astronauts will finish. They will do more than 40 science experiments in fields such as air medicine, and air technology, which is amazing in humans’ space history.
③With the arrival of Shenzhou XV, Tiangong Space Station has finally developed into its largest size weighing around 100,000 kg. It is one of the largest buildings that humans have ever built in space.
④The space station is made up of 5 different parts. The Tianhe module (舱) is working in the center of the station. The Wentian and Mengtian modules are on the left and right sides of Tianhe. The Shenzhou spaceships are on the top of the station. The last one, the Tianzhou V is under the Tianhe module.
⑤The astronauts of Shenzhou XV are also different from the past. Usually, the new groups of astronauts were sent into space after the early ones went back to the Earth. But this time, the two groups of astronauts met in the space. Worldwide, there are now a total of 13 astronauts in space. So, for the time being, China is the country with most people in the space.
⑥The other thing about them is the age of the Shenzhou XV’s astronauts-is the-oldest of history (over 53). Among them, 56-years-old Deng Qingming was one of the earliest 14 astronauts in China. He served as a backup astronaut four times and watched his teammates fly again and again, but he never gave up the dream to fly. Now he made it, although it takes some time.
⑦The launch of Shenzhou-15 is a historic moment for Chinese space-exploring plan. Chinese-people wilt always let imagination about the sky run wild.
1. The structure (结构) of Tiangong Space Station is .A. | B. |
C. | D. |
A.share the exciting stories of Shenzhou astronauts |
B.show how great and meaningful Shenzhou XV is |
C.ask teenagers to work hard and become astronauts |
D.tell it is difficult to build such a great space station |
A.it makes up Tiangong Space Station as the largest building ever in space |
B.all the astronauts in the world are now living in Shenzhou XV spaceship |
C.the astronauts in it are the youngest of the history of Chinese space work |
D.it made great achievements in Chinese and humans’ history of space work |
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
【推荐2】The Scottish education system has always been different from the rest of the United Kingdom, with a characteristic emphasis on a broad education. Scotland’s schools operate a Curriculum (课程) for Excellence which provides knowledge and skills to all nursery, primary and secondary schooling between the ages of 3 - 18. All 3-and 4-year-old children in Scotland have access to a free nursery place. Formal primary education begins at approximately 5 years old and lasts for 7 years. During their secondary education, children in Scotland study Standard Grades, or Intermediate (中级的) qualifications between the ages of 13 and 16. The school leaving age is 16, after which students may choose to remain at school for one or two years to study for Higher Grade or Advanced Higher qualifications. Then they can have further education by attending colleges or universities.
There are fifteen Scottish universities, some of which are among the oldest in the world. These include the University of St Andrews, the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh—many of which are ranked among the best in the UK. Proportionally, Scotland had more universities in QS’ World University Rankings’ top 100 in 2012 than any other nation. Also, the country produced 1% of the world’s published research with less than 0.1% of the world’s population. Scotland’s University Courts are the only bodies in Scotland authorized to award degrees.
Besides Scotland’s universities, Further and Higher Education is provided by 43 colleges as well. Colleges offer National Certificates, Higher National Certificates, and Higher National Diplomas. These Group Awards, alongside Scottish Vocational (职业的)Qualifications, aim to ensure Scotland’s population has the appropriate skills and knowledge to meet workplace needs. In 2014, research reported by the Office for National Statistics found that Scotland was the most highly educated country in Europe and among the most well-educated in the world in terms of higher education attainment.
1. What do we know about Scottish education?A.Students can go to university directly after finishing Standard Grades. |
B.Students of all ages receive free education. |
C.A university student is at least 17 years old. |
D.Only knowledge is taught at schools. |
A.Considering Scotland’s population | B.regardless of Scotland’s history |
C.in terms of the number of universities | D.despite its education system |
A.improve the employment | B.award the students with degrees |
C.prepare the workforce with proper skills | D.compete with universities home and abroad |
A.compare | B.introduce |
C.advertise | D.persuade |
【推荐3】136 types of seeds, including crops, forest vegetation, flowers, and microorganisms will be carried on board the Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft to start their space breeding journey. These seeds will contribute to the advancement of China’s agricultural science and technology and enhance food security, the China Manned Space Engineering Office announced on Wednesday in a statement.
The seeds were selected through a four-month application and review process and have been chosen from 53 institutions across the country. The project, conducted by manned spaceflight, is of a public welfare nature and does not charge any carrying fees. It has been 36 years since China’s first space seed breeding effort in 1987, the country has sent the seeds of hundreds of plant species into space on dozens of retrievable satellites (返回式卫星) and Shenzhou spaceships. Nearly 1,000 new species have been created, of which 200 have displayed outstanding performances, according to media reports.
Space seed breeding uses cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) to mutate the genes of seeds sent into space, in order to create new species for greater variety. “Space peppers and watermelons” commonly found in supermarkets in China are successful varieties of space breeding. China ranks first in the world in the number of cultivated varieties and the range of popularization and application of space breeding. The area under cultivation for grains, vegetables, fruits and other plants developed by space seed breeding has surpassed 4 million hectares, and generated economic benefits of over 200 billion yuan ($30.51 billion), media earlier reported.
The seeds need further improvement, especially in disease resistance, through conventional breeding methods and space breeding, the Xinhua News Agency reported. Space breeding involves exposing seeds and strains to cosmic radiation and microgravity during a spaceflight mission to mutate their genes.
China’s space seed breeding level also reflects the nation’s advancing aerospace technology, Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times. And he added, “There are only a few countries in the world with mature aerospace technology, and China’s level of space seed breeding technology is world-class.”
1. What does the underlined word “mutate” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Change. | B.Destroy. | C.Infect. | D.Enhance. |
A.Increase the number of seeds sent into space. |
B.Cultivate new species through genetic mutation. |
C.Combine space breeding with traditional breeding methods. |
D.Use more advanced aerospace technology to breed seeds in space. |
A.The seeds are now capable of resisting diseases. |
B.It has successfully cultivated over 1,000 new species. |
C.The project has mutated thousands of plant genes in space. |
D.China’s space seed breeding technology is the world’s best. |
A.Space Breeding: China’s Leading Role in Agricultural Science |
B.Space Breeding: A breakthrough in China’s genetic technology |
C.Space Breeding: Benefits and Risks for China’s Future Agriculture |
D.Space Breeding: A contribution to China’s agricultural technology and food security |