“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized ... In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activities that women are not allowed to. The maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some fields or performing some feat (壮举).”
This is the conclusion of the anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women is society should be distinguished.
If talk and print are considered, it would seem that the formal liberation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defence which men have thrown up around their, by far and away, accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s claims to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.
There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.
Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. We witness the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of previously exclusively male pastimes.
In the ancient natural society, cave men went out and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women kept the fire going. Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive and natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology (考古学), but that does not matter since it’s not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles and the two sexes.
1. The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they ________.A.are confident in their ability to charm women |
B.take the initiative in work and life |
C.have a clear idea of what is considered “manly” |
D.tend to be more immoral than women are |
A.prevent women from taking up certain professions |
B.secretly admire women’s intellect and resolution |
C.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business |
D.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies. |
A.is based on the study of ancient societies |
B.illustrates how people expect men to behave |
C.is dismissed by author as an irrelevant joke |
D.proves that men, not women, should be the breadwinner |
A.approves of | B.takes for granted |
C.completely rejects | D.expects to go on changing |
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【推荐1】Check your drawer, and you may find several electronic device chargers, many of which you no longer use. The European Union proposed a new regulation that would solve this problem by requiring all small electronics (including phones and cameras) to have the one-size-fits-all charging port (端口). All such electronics sold in the EU would need to switch to the USB-C standard within two years.
Officials claim this standard not only increases convenience for consumers but also cuts down on e-waste. Critics claim the move will stifle innovation. The true impact of the new regulation, however, may not be as simple as either side suggests.
“The relative reduction in the amount of e-waste is probably going to be relatively small,” says Callie Babbitt, a professor of sustainability. “But the bigger potential is that this will require producers to think about the design that is user-friendly.”
There are two benefits of this strategy. The first is the direct benefit of no longer having to throw away a charger. The bigger benefit might be more indirect: This is potentially something that might enable a change in consumer behavior. If your charger still works, maybe that’s a sign that the product still works, and you can keep using it. And there might be some indirect benefit on consumers continuing to repair and to extend the lifespan of the products.
How can standardization have this indirect benefit? With standardized components, all the parts are the same. In my lab, we have an enormous bench full of tools of all sizes and shapes—because that’s what’s needed to access the components inside electronics. Without design standardization, a business trying to work in the reuse field has to spend more on labor and costs to do the valuable work.
No single policy can effectively address the problem of e-waste. It will take a joint effort. Policy plays a key role. Producers play a key role. But we also have to change the way products can be repaired. And we have to educate consumers on how to participate in the system.
1. What does the underlined part “one-size-fits-all” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Ordinary. | B.Unique. | C.Common. | D.Suitable. |
A.It might promote innovation. |
B.It might prolong the service life of products. |
C.It will result in a significant decrease in e-waste. |
D.It will help charger producers reduce the costs of production. |
A.To show how complicated their work is. |
B.To indicate the necessity for standardization. |
C.To demonstrate the difficulty of doing valuable work. |
D.To provide a means for accessing electronic components. |
A.Standardized Design Is Beneficial |
B.The EU’s New USB-C Standard Port Is Necessary |
C.The Problem of E-waste Is in Need of a Joint Effort |
D.The Chargers of All Small Electronics Should Be Harmonized |
The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station in northern Japan has raised worries about radiation risks. We spoke Tuesday with Jonathan Links, an expert in radiation health sciences. He is a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland.
Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.
JONATHAN LINKS: “Of course, we don’t know what doses they’ve received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers.” For other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.
Professor Links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. Then they measure how large an area is contaminated. He says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water.
JONATHAN LINKS: “But that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables.”
The reactors at Fukushima are on the Pacific coast. But Professor Links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean.
JONATHAN LINKS: “Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution. So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low.”
Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. That memory from World War Two would create a stronger “psychological sensitivity” to radiation exposure, Professors Links says.
Next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six event was the world’s worst accident in the nuclear power industry.
A new United Nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. These are in people who were children in affected areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths.
The cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. The milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen.
To get the latest updates, go to www.unsv.com.
Contributing: James Brooke
1. The passage mainly tells us __________.A.What measures the Japan Government takes to solve the nuclear crisis. |
B.Worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis. |
C.With great efforts of scientists , the Japan Government has put the nuclear crisis under control. |
D.To explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries. |
A.Workers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of death. |
B.People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident. |
C.The radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water. |
D.The concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted. |
A.Chemical. | B.Salt. | C.Dissolution. | D.Elimination. |
A.Water people drink, food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation. |
B.Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. |
C.You can go to www.unsv.com. to get the latest news. |
D.The nuclear accident in Japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry. |
【推荐3】Often people receive a guitar, mandolin, or some other musical instrument as a birthday or Christmas gift. There's joy everywhere. The giver of the gift knows how much the receiver wants to learn this instrument and the receiver is actually holding it in his hands instead of longing for it through the shop window.
Finding an instructor that fits into a busy work schedule is hard enough, but once you decide on a lesson plan, then you must consider the practice time, how to practice, what to practice—and let's face it...not all people learn something the same way. So in order to learn a musical instrument, how much practice time is enough and what kind of practice is right for you?
There is no set amount of time that anyone should practice a musical instrument. When I was in programming classes, I could have studied nightly for 5 hours each night. It would have taken me years to learn the art of computer programming. Though I'm attracted by the systematic logic of it, my talent is towards another thing. However, on the other hand, if I spent an hour every couple days with a passionate hobby like playing the violin, not only would the time fly quickly...I'd also be learning at a much greater speed since the built-in passion is the motivation for advancement.
So as much as it's important to practice, a step back is to first find the harmonious instrument that fits you as a person; as development of your personality. If you're learning the guitar because it's cool....obviously that's the modern-day mindset, however, you might not be actually linking your talent for musical satisfaction with your most creative advantages you have to offer.
It's been my experience that every person has a certain level of musical talent. My pleasant challenge has been to assist them in this adventure and actually locate their best abilities as quickly as possible. Then and only then can we match learners with instruments and truly begin a fun and exciting walk down the road of happiness and contentment, where music, ability, personality and soul all meet. Once this piece of the mystery puzzle is in place, I've never had to work at motivating a learner to practice...
1. In the author's opinion, which of the following is the most important when learning a musical instrument?A.The amount of time for practice. | B.A scientific learning method. |
C.A good music instructor. | D.The strong fondness for music. |
A.By talking about her personal experiences. |
B.By comparing two different learning goals. |
C.By pointing out the faults in what she does. |
D.By discussing the advantage of music learning. |
A.She writes pop music. |
B.She's a music instructor. |
C.She advertises for music lesson. |
D.She's a musical instrument collector. |
A.Does practice make perfect? |
B.Does talent make a difference? |
C.Does a lesson plan really fit you? |
D.Does hard work make up for lack of talent? |
【推荐1】You're probably used to the periodic upgrades in our cellphone networks. There was 2G, which came along in 1991, replaced with 3G in 2001, and followed by 4G in 2009.Now we're hearing about the coming of 5G.
But 5G is a much bigger leap than what's come before. Of course, 5G is much faster than 4Gin the real world. A 5G phone in a 5G city will enjoy Internet speeds between nine and 20 times as fast. The arrival of 5G also means enormous leaps forward in capacity so much that every cell-phone plan will offer cheap, truly unlimited Internet access.
For example, apps will no longer degrade your video or postpone downloading when you're out of Wi-Fi range. Furthermore, our phones can become more powerful. Today the processors in our devices are limited by heat and battery capacity. But imagine, Hanna says, if your phone is tied, by a 5G connection, to a much more powerful computer online. “It's happening remotely, but because it's such a high-speed connection, it will feel as though the additional processor is inside your device, in your hand,” he says.
Not everyone is thrilled by the 5G development. The new standard gets its speed partly by using existing transmission frequencies more efficiently. These frequencies are much higher than anything we've used for cellular, which means they can offer unbelievable speed but at the expense of range. Mill-meter-wave cellular towers(毫米波峰窝塔) have to be about 500 feet apart. Cell carriers not only will have to upgrade all their cell transceivers(收发器) but will install a lot more of them as well. That's why the millimeter-wave flavor of 5G will be available only in densely populated cities such as New York.
The need to install more small cells means more rectangular boxes on lampposts, and more industrial-looking ugliness in places where local residents don't always want it. But 5G is a train that can’t be stopped.
Here's to all those engineers and their millimeter waves. Someday we'll tell our grand kids about the days when YouTube videos paused annoyingly, and the only way cars could communicate was by honking.
1. What do we know about 5G according to the passage?A.It is a periodic upgrade in cellphone networks. |
B.It is the biggest leap with limited Internet access. |
C.5G connection can provide the fastest Internet speed. |
D.5G can offer the cheapest Internet access at high speed. |
A.The traditional processor is actually inside your device when you use a 5G connection. |
B.The new standard gets its fast speed largely by using transmission frequencies effectively. |
C.Cell carriers will have to fix a lot more of cell transceivers to offer SG cellphone networks. |
D.Not all local residents approve of installing too many small cells in their neighborhood. |
A.Critical. | B.Humorous. | C.Indifferent. | D.Depressed. |
A.5G is just around the corner | B.5G is welcomed by everyone |
C.5G is a nonstop train | D.5G meets with local residents' disapproval |
【推荐2】One of the most beneficial skills you can learn in life is how to consistently put yourself in a good position. But not everyone knows how we can create that foundation. The position you find yourself in today is the accumulation of the small choices that you’ve been making for years.
The ordinary choices that guarantee a strong future go unnoticed. There is no pat on the back for doing the right thing just as there is no slap on the wrist for doing the wrong thing. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse. Not doing the obvious thing that positions you for future success — rarely hurts you right away. But as the days turn to weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades do the small choices create massively different results.
Whenever this idea is brought up, people are quick to interject. “I do these things and I don’t get the results.” Most of us make the right choices most of the time. But most of the time isn’t the same as all of the time.
For your choices to compound, you need to be consistent. A lack of consistency keeps ordinary people from extraordinary results. It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a boulder halfway up the hill, only to throw our hands in the air and go home. When we show up the next day, we see the boulder at the bottom of the hill. Not only did this undermine our progress but it makes getting started even harder.
Excelling at the small choices that compound over time perpetually (不断地) leaves you in favorable circumstances. If you want results you need to pay the price. The price is knowing that time is working on your side even when the results don’t show it yet.
When you look below the surface, giant leaps aren’t really giant leaps at all. If you look for the magic moment, you’ll miss how ordinary becomes extraordinary.
1. According to the passage, what causes most people to fail?A.Selection difficulties. | B.Lack of perseverance. |
C.Insufficient exterior support. | D.Shortage of social resources. |
A.exhibit the way to get compound choices |
B.prove that a good beginning is half success |
C.emphasize the importance of being consistent |
D.explain the difficulty of achieving extraordinary results |
A.Narration. | B.Argumentation. | C.Practical writing. | D.Expository writing. |
A.No Pains, No Gains. | B.Time Heals Everything. |
C.Never Too Late to Mend. | D.Small Steps make Giant Leaps. |
【推荐3】Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”
Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.
1. What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A.Favorable. | B.Critical. | C.Doubtful. | D.Objective. |
A.Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading. |
B.Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection. |
C.We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain. |
D.The number of Internet readers declines due to technology. |
A.To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought. |
B.To stress swimming differs from reading. |
C.To show slow reading is better than fast reading. |
D.To illustrate what slow reading is like. |
A.Slow Reading is Here to Stay |
B.Technology Prevents Slow Reading |
C.Reflections on Deep Reading |
D.The Wonder of Deep Reading |