College debt is becoming as much of a problem for Americans close to retirement as it is for new graduates. There are now about 8. 7 million Americans aged over 50 who are still paying off college loans. They borrowed the money either to pay for an education for their children or themselves. Their debt is growing fast, increasing by about half since 2017 to a total of $ 370 billion — an average of $ 40, 900 per borrower. In 2019, roughly $4.9 billion was deducted (扣除) right from retirees’ Social Security income.
"Part of the blame falls on the federally backed PLUS program,” said Tara Siegel Bernard in The New York Times. "Parent PLUS loans”, which have few application requirements other than a basic credit check, have broadened access to capital for many parents. But the “loans can be unforgiving”. William and Kate Schweizer “didn’t want their two daughters to begin their adult lives burdened with college debt”. So they borrowed $ 220, 000 for their schooling. Increasingly they had trouble paying. Now their debt has ballooned to $500, 000. The consequences of defaulting (拖欠) are serious: “The government can take their wages and Social Security.”
“Unfortunately, President Biden’s $ 6 trillion budget doesn’t offer much assistance,” said Eric Levitz in NYMag.com. “During his campaign, Biden called for forgiving $ 10, 000 in federal student loan debt for every borrower among other ways to ease the college debt burden. But the chances of passing such measures through Congress are slim.”
“Don’t bankrupt yourself for your kids,” said Beth Akers in USA Today. The safer option to pay for college is “a student loan taken out in your child’s name”. A federal student loan — not a private one — can protect borrowers through income-driven repayment programs. There is also a better chance that a loan forgiveness program could materialize to help out student borrowers. And remember that “if you overextend yourself financially to make a college dream come true for your child, you are taking away your ability to be your child’s financial backstop.”
1. How does the author illustrate his point in Paragraph 1?A.By using quotes. | B.By listing statistics. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By giving definitions. |
A.They have demanding requirements. |
B.They can trap parents in financial crises. |
C.They are not enough to cover college costs. |
D.They set limits on how much one can borrow. |
A.It is tight. | B.It is flexible. |
C.It is beneficial. | D.It is impractical. |
A.Americans Are Burdened by College Debt |
B.Student Loans: A Stepping Stone to College |
C.Lessons in Finance Help Repay Student Loans |
D.Debt: College Costs Swallow Retirement Reserve Funds |
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【推荐1】You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization (受害). The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
1. In what way is a creator different from a victim?A.A creator is given more challenges. |
B.Failure seldom comes to a creator. |
C.Storms are beneficial in a creator’s eyes. |
D.A victim hardly blames others for their own faults. |
A.They seldom make careless mistakes. |
B.The world seems a cold and difficult place. |
C.Life is blessed with fewer opportunities than expected. |
D.They don’t care what happens to them but think positively. |
A.Tim failed his exam and thought he would never pass it. |
B.Sam lost his job and abandoned himself to drinking for months. |
C.J. K. Rowling was rejected by a publisher and yet went on writing. |
D.Jessica broke up with her husband and chose to give up her own life. |
A.Benefits Of Being A Creator | B.Creators: Act Now Or Never |
C.Creator Or Victim: Up To You | D.Ways To Transform A Victim Into A Creator |
【推荐2】The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK.
Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”
Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion to the community.”
The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business.
1. What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Hardly satisfied. | B.Socially accepted. |
C.Widely promoted. | D.Obvious but ignored. |
A.Unclear. | B.Negative. | C.Puzzled. | D.Cautious. |
A.Their motivation. | B.Their promotion. |
C.Their devotion. | D.Their advertisement. |
A.Provide more fashion choices. |
B.Show respect to the consumers. |
C.Produce clothes in various sizes. |
D.Build private relationships with customers. |
【推荐3】The internet has transformed the way people work and communicate. It has upended(颠倒) industries, from entertainment to retailing. But its most profound effect may well be on the biggest decision that most people make -- choosing a mate.
In the early 1990s the notion of meeting a partner online seemed freakish, and not a little pathetic. Today, in many places, it is normal. Smartphones have put virtual bars in people's pockets, where singletons can mingle free from the constraints of social or physical geography.
Digital dating is a massive social experiment, conducted on one of humanity's most intimate and vital processes. Its effects are only just starting to become visible.
The greater choice of meeting one Mr/Mrs. Right makes the digital dating market far more efficient than the offline kind. For some, that is bad news. Because of the gulf in pickiness between the sexes, a few straight men are doomed never to get any matches at all. On Tantan, a Chinese app, men express interest in 60% of women they see, but women are interested in just 6% of men; this dynamic means that 5% of men never receive a match.
For most people, however, digital dating-offers better outcomes. Research has found that marriages in America between people who meet online are likely to last longer, such couples profess to be happier than those who met offline. Online dating is a particular boon(好处、益处) for those with very particular requirements. I date allows daters to filter out matches who would not consider converting to Judaism, for instance.
The fact that online daters have so much more choice can break down barriers; evidence suggests that the internet is boosting interracial marriages by bypassing homogenous social groups. But daters are also more able to choose partners like themselves. Assortative mating already shoulders some of the blame for income inequality. Online dating may make the effect more pronounced: education levels are displayed prominently on dating profiles in a way they would never be offline.
But even if the market does not become ever more concentrated, the process of coupling (or not) has unquestionably become more centralised. Romance used to be a distributed activity which took place in a profusion of bars, clubs, churches and offices; now enormous numbers of people rely on a few companies to meet their mate. That hands a small number of coders(编程员) tremendous power to engineer mating outcomes. Competition offers some protection against such a possibility; so too might greater transparency over the principles used by dating apps to match people up.
Yet such concerns should not obscure(使模糊) the good that comes from the modern way of romance. The right partners can elevate(提升) and nourish(滋养) each other. The wrong ones can ruin both their lives. Digital dating offers millions of people a more efficient way to find a good mate. That is something to love.
1. Which is NOT the benefits brought by digital dating?A.A straight man sees a higher chance of finding a mate. |
B.Certain requirements can be met through filtering out the unqualified potential 'candidates'. |
C.Efficiency of finding a mate has been raised thanks to the wider choices. |
D.People who find like-minded matches online are happier in their marriages. |
A.marked | B.subtle | C.difficult | D.inviting |
A.The desire of people to find a mate quickly. |
B.The heavy reliance of people on a dating website or professional company. |
C.The higher chance of meeting a mate online. |
D.The narrower distribution of people seeking mates. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Neutral | C.Supportive | D.Critical. |
【推荐1】About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.
That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”.
It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.”
In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians.
The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia.
That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.”
“Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title.
1. Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from?A.His exploration of the local music. |
B.His cooperation with the young violinist. |
C.His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat. |
D.His constantly changing taste in violin styles. |
A.help Hoffman to become a master violin player |
B.are funded by American public television stations |
C.introduce different styles of musicians around the world |
D.record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles |
A.the power of diversified artistic expression |
B.the pleasure in learning traditional music |
C.the technique of instrument playing |
D.the importance of famous artists |
【推荐2】People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
The Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.
Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was “cuddy wifter”, which means a left-handed person.
Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.
These include Hawaii’s “hammajang”, which means “in a disorderly state”. Another is the word for a swimming costume, “dookers” or “duckers”. It is used in Scotland.
The OED also might include the word “frog-drowner”, which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain. Another possibility is “brick”. It means “very cold” to people in New Jersey and New York City.
The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as “agley”. It might also be called “catawampous” or “ahoo”.
“The OED aims to cover all types of English,” Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED’s editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.
The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. “We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include,” said Maier.
1. Which local word of the following is most likely from regions of the United Kingdom?A.cuddy wifter | B.frog-drowner |
C.agley | D.brick |
A.“Dookers” is closest in meaning to “freezing”. |
B.The Oxford English Dictionary is planning to add new words by itself. |
C.Some regional words are more often written down than spoken . |
D.The OED is searching for regional differences in English around the world. |
A.It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words. |
B.People are not committed to responding to the appeal for regional words. |
C.People use regional words only when they are home or with close friends. |
D.Having an understanding of regional words can be helpful when communicating. |
A.It’s time to trace the source of local words. |
B.The same English words can be used to say different things. |
C.Oxford Dictionary will include more regional words from around the globe. |
D.Oxford Dictionary aims to enlarge its collection to appeal to locals. |
【推荐3】Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us. Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. As someone who understood the distinction observed, ''When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours. ''
Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age. They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.
Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly. Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we've never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as lasing a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine.
When days become as identical as beads (小珠子)on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day-- to stop time, so to speak.
Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems to be full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn't have to be.
1. What is the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 used to show?A.Psychological time is quite puzzling. |
B.Time should not be measured by a pendulum. |
C.Physical time is different from psychological time |
D.Physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time |
A.Our sense of time changes. |
B.We spend less time at the beach |
C.More time is structured and scheduled |
D.Time is structured with too many appointments. |
A.excitement | B.unfamiliarity | C.imagination | D.amusement |
A.To give various explanations about time |
B.To describe how we experience time physically |
C.To show the differences of two kinds of time |
D.To explain why time flies and how to slow it down |