Imagine that you are a detective at the scene of a crime. What you find is confusion. Evidence has been moved, stepped on, broken. You even suspect that someone took crucial items as souvenirs! This would make your job much more difficult, right?
Archaeologists are like detectives. We study clues left by people long ago and learn a lot about them: their culture, their environment, where they came from, and where they went. Anything made or modified by people is an artifact(文物).
Archaeological sites are important to our cultural heritage. Laws protect them against damage by neglect, vandalism, or looters(掠夺者). Laws also help to preserve sites on public land.
What if you find an artifact- -maybe an arrowhead, a piece of pottery, or an old cowboy spur --in your backyard?
Then contact your state’s historic preservation officer or an archaeologist at a nearby college or university. These experts can help explain what you found.
| A．If possible, leave it in place. |
| B．Also investigate the history of where you live. |
| C．Is the ground disturbed by construction or digging? |
| D．As such, they are part of the archaeological record. |
| E．It might make it even impossible to solve the case. |
| F．It just might be a missing piece in history’s grand puzzle! |
| G．But private landowners have the rights to their own property. |
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【推荐1】Nuo Opera is one of the most popular folk operas in southern China. There are many different stories about the history of Nuo Opera. Some hold that it dates back to the Zhou Dy-nasty. Nuo Opera is the most direct and important expressive medium of Nuo culture. It covers ancient religion, folklore(民间传说) and art, and combines literature, music, dance, drama, painting, calligraphy, sculpture and paper-cut. Besides, Nuo Opera involves many acrobatic(杂技的) performances and most of the performers are specially trained. It has great artistic value and is called the living fossil of Chinese drama.
The unique symbol of Nuo Opera, the masks, is considered a treasure of Chinese folk art. Different roles require different masks to reveal(揭示) the characters and express the meaning of the play, through their changing facial features and decorations. There are many masks used in one drama. The masks are mainly made of poplar and willow, because these two kinds of wood are durable and easy to carve. Studies show that the face painting of Peking Opera and face changing of Sichuan Opera were influenced by Nuo Opera masks.
The government is making an effort to bring the opera into campuses. The Fengquan Elementary School in Jiangxi Province started teaching its pupils the Nuo dance in 2002. Teachers have written textbooks about Nuo culture and organized students to make Nuo masks. They also invested in Nuo costumes, masks and instruments, taking students to museums on the Nuo culture.
Nuo Opera used to be very popular in every part of China, but gradually, it faded out in most parts. Nowadays, it remains popular only among rural areas in south-west China, such as Guizhou and Guangxi. Nuo Opera varies in different areas.
1. What can we learn about Nuo Opera?| A．It originated in the Tang Dynasty. |
| B．It is the same as acrobatic performances. |
| C．Literature and drama are included in Nuo Opera. |
| D．Nuo Opera remains popular in south-east China. |
| A．They are the treasure of Chinese folk art. |
| B．They are made of poplar and willow. |
| C．They influence Peking Opera and Sichuan Opera. |
| D．They help get the characters across to audience. |
| A．Positive. | B．Uninterested. | C．Negative. | D．Dissatisfied. |
| A．The popularity of Nuo Opera in China. | B．Various Nuo Operas in south-west China. |
| C．The development of Nuo Opera at present. | D．Nuo Operas’ importance in Chinese history. |
【推荐2】Ever since its completion in 1962, the China National Museum of Fine Art has been the largest and most well-respected gallery of fine art in China. The museum was one of ten key projects that were completed within the first ten years after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.
The National Museum today lies on grounds covering 30,000 square metres; the buildings themselves cover over 17,000 square metres of that space. The exhibition halls account for more than one third of the buildings’ area, covering about 6,000 square metres. The museum was built in the style of ancient pavilions, with beautiful corridors and buildings decorated by yellow glazed tiles.
The museum is dedicated to the collection, preservation and display of both modern and contemporary works of art, as well as to art research. It is currently home to a collection of more than 60, 000 works of art, both those on display for public viewing and those in carefully preserved archives. The museum’s archives contain not only works of art but also historical documents. The museum frequently compiles and publishes albums drawn from its vast collections. In addition to its main functions, the museum is also involved in the organization of art exhibitions and academic exchanges, both nationally and abroad.
1. What does the museum focus on?| A．Exhibition, pavilions and Research | B．Corridors, Collection and Research |
| C．Exhibition, Collection and projects | D．Exhibition, Collection and Research |
| A．Common areas | B．Private stores |
| C．Hidden documents | D．Sold books |
| A．It is mostly concerned with preserving traditional Chinese culture |
| B．It plays a key role in the preservation and heritage of Chinese culture |
| C．It promotes cultural communication between China and other countries |
| D．It attracts many people who love Chinese art from home and abroad |
【推荐3】Luo Dengping has become famous as the only woman in a group of “spider men”who climb cliffs of up to 100 meters high, without ropes or safety equipment of any kind, for the entertainment of tourists in China’s Guizhou Province.
Men of the Miao people, in Southwest China, have been free-climbing steep cliffs for centuries. They originally developed this skill as part of a custom, to lift coffins(棺材)of relatives up the cliffs and place them in small caves or just hang them on the cliffside, like the Tana Toraja tribe, in Indonesia. The Miao spider men continued climbing the vertical cliffs of Ziyun, in order to collect rare medicinal plants. Today, only a few members of the Miao people still practice this ancient tradition, and one of them is a woman.
Traditionally, only Miao men were considered brave and skilled enough to become spider men, but Luo Dengping had no choice but to break social norms and take up the practice. As the daughter of a skilled spider man, and with no brothers to carry on her family’s tradition, Luo began climbing the cliffs near the village when she was just 15 years old. In the beginning, she felt scared and could barely move on the precarious cliffside, but as time went by, she perfected her skills and, eventually, making her way up the giant rocks using nothing but her hands and feet became routine.
In her late teens, Luo Dengping left the village and became a migrant worker at a construction site in Guangzhou. She returned in 2000, married a villager and had two children. To support her husband, who drives freight trucks for a living, she occasionally climbed nearby cliffs in search of medicinal plants to sell. Then, in 2015, the local government decided to promote the karsts mountain as a tourist attraction, and started hiring spider men to practice their skills for entertainment purposes.
1. Why did Luo Dengping work as spider woman at first?| A．To make more money. | B．To carry on her family’s tradition. |
| C．To support her husband. | D．To collect medicinal plants. |
| A．Famous. | B．Wet. |
| C．Dangerous. | D．Unsteady. |
| A．A migrant worker. | B．A performer. |
| C．A distributor. | D．A driver. |
| A．China’s Only “Spider Woman” | B．The Promotion of Ancient Skills |
| C．A Hobby Makes “Spider Woman” | D．Spider Men Becomes a Must-see |
