【推荐1】Silent reading is far from silent in your brain. Deep within your head there is a voice reading aloud each word as your eyes pass over it.

Let’s do a seemingly unrelated experiment first. Turn on your television and radio. Try to understand both the words from the television and the radio simultaneously. You might have noticed understanding one source required ignoring the other, and you could feel your attention shifting between the two voices. Although we can listen to multiple people speaking at the same time, we can only truly understand one person speaking at a time.

There are three major areas that allow you to understand spoken word. The first is the Auditory Cortex (听觉皮层), which processes the pure characteristics of incoming sounds. Both sides of your brain contain this region. The next area is the Broca/Wernicke (B/W) network, which makes sense of the spoken word. This network exists in only one side of your brain. This means that, although the sounds of language are initially processed in both sides of the brain, spoken word must eventually be funneled (流经漏斗) into this single network. This quickly leads to a bottleneck, which is controlled by the third area: the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG, 额下回). When you try to understand two people speaking at the same time, this region effectively blocks one voice while it allows the other to pass through the B/W bottleneck. Any information that does not immediately make it through the B/W network disappears completely — there is no waitlist.

Now, let’s bring all the pieces together to see why it’s related to your silent reading. When you read, the first region to demonstrate activation is the Visual Cortex, which processes the pure visual characteristics of incoming sights. Immediately after the visual cortex activates, the speech areas of the brain fire up because your brain processes your silent reading in a manner almost identical to the way in which it processes an actual, out-loud speaking voice. For this reason, attempting to read while listening to someone speak is the same as trying to understand two people speaking at the same time—it can’t be done!

Note: disappear; wait

A．	B．
C．	D．

【推荐3】In middle school, reading requirements go up in all subject areas, including history, math, and science. In English or language arts classes, students will be introduced to great works of literature, including biographies, short stories, folktales, poetry, and plays. They will spend time, in class and in homework, analyzing these works and studying the complex elements of plot, setting, and character development. The goal is to help them develop a true love of reading, which will, in turn, build vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and knowledge.

Unfortunately, not all middle school students enjoy reading. Some read only when they have to complete school assignments, rarely picking up a book for pleasure. One job of the middle school teacher is to turn reluctant readers into proficient readers by offering them access to a wide range of materials from which they can choose according to their own interests. These might include mysteries, biographies, science fiction, and fantasies, as well as magazines and newspapers.

For struggling readers, teachers might offer books at their independent level—books they can read successfully. Good teachers also provide students with strategies to improve their comprehension and fluency. “When students are offered strategies that bond them to books and stimulate thinking and wondering, it plants the seeds that germinate lifelong readers—readers who turn to books because of the knowledge, pleasure, and entertainment that reading brings to their lives, ” says Laura Robb, a teacher and author.

Parents, too, should provide their child with a rich selection of reading materials at home—and share and discuss what they read with their child. Laura Robb asks her students’ parents to read the same books as their children, and exchange thoughts and opinions. “Parents say it really opens doors and stimulates communication,” says Robb. “Sharing a magazine or newspaper article helps build a child’s background knowledge and range of experience, which will ultimately make him better equipped to learn,” she adds.

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