The human race shares this planet with millions of other species and forms of life. In recognizing that, it is always important to remember that our rapid rise of the urban civilization(城市文明) has unavoidably impacted the planet and life on it.
In the long run, however, the civilization risks destroying well balanced ecosystems, which could potentially have serious results for humanity itself. As such,we must eventually find a balance between development and nature which can maintain the ecology, beauty and harmony(和谐) of the earth.
The word “harmony” is an important concept in China. Chinese society and culture are built on the idea that relationships between people should be harmonious, which means avoiding conflict, highlighting a common good and balancing uncontrollable desires with the needs of society as a whole. However, this idea does not just apply to people, it also applies to our relationships with the world and nature. Never has this been more meaningful than the view of how China handles its rapid development, which has lastingly changed the country’s landscape and created new challenges regarding nature and the environment.
Actually, over the past few years China has been working hard to protect biodiversity and has drawn “red lines” for ecological protection, established a national park system, and undertaken major projects for biodiversity protection.
One example of China’s success in this area is in its reversing(逆转) of the decrease of its giant panda population to the point that it is no longer endangered. This effort included creating a giant panda national park in 2016 and doubling the number of births. Pandas have become “a global symbol of conservation success”—something in which China has played a key part.
Likewise, China is also taking its efforts overseas. It recently announced a $232 million fund to promote biodiversity protection in developing countries. The effort is a part of its “community of shared future for mankind”, meaning that we share one world, one planet and one future, and so we human beings must work together. Now it is the time to act.
1. Which potential risk along with the urban civilization is mentioned?A.Loss of the natural scenery. |
B.Breaking the ecosystem balance. |
C.The disappearance of all species. |
D.Ruining our human health. |
A.The word “harmony” refers to good interpersonal relationship. |
B.Human’s uncontrolled desires aren’t connected with harmony. |
C.Keeping in harmony makes a difference to China’s development. |
D.Balancing development and nature isn’t complicated as imagined. |
A.China has completed the task of protecting biodiversity. |
B.China has made some achievements of protecting biodiversity. |
C.The population of giant panda is gradually decreasing recently. |
D.Pandas have become the most successful representative of China。 |
A.Fundamental. | B.Unique. | C.Indirect. | D.Mysterious. |
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【推荐1】After the Covid-19 pandemic began early in 2020, Traverso and his colleagues turned their attention toward new ways to reduce interactions between potentially sick patients and health care workers. To that end, they worked with Boston Dynamics to create a mobile robot that could interact with patients as they waited in the emergency department. The robots were equipped with sensors that allow them to measure signs of life. The robots also carried an iPad that allowed for remote video communication with a health care provider.
This kind of robot could reduce health care workers' risk of exposure to Covid-19 and help to conserve the personal protective equipment that is needed for each interaction. However, the question still remained whether patients would accept this type of interaction.
In Traverso's study they were trying to tide that up and understand if the population accepts a solution like this one. The researchers first conducted a nationwide survey of about 1, 000 people, working with a market research company called YouGov. They asked questions regarding the acceptability of robots in health care, including whether people would be comfortable with robots performing not only classification but also other tasks such as planting a tube, or turning a patient over in bed. On average, the subjects stated that they were open to these types of interactions.
The researchers then tested one of their robots in the emergency department at Brigham and Women's Hospital last spring, when Covid-19 cases were flooding in Massachusetts. Fifty-one patients were approached in the waiting room and asked if they would be willing to participate in the study, and 41 agreed. These patients were interviewed about their symptoms via video connection, using an iPad cared by a log-like robot developed by Boston Dynamics. More than 90 percent of the participants reported that they were satisfied with the robotic system.
"For the purposes of gathering quick classification information, the patients found the experience to be similar to what they would have experienced talking to a person," Traverso says.
1. What can the robots mentioned do?A.Carry an iPad for the patients | B.Check patients' breathing rate. |
C.Help plant a tube for the doctors. | D.Find new ways to talk with patients. |
A.To summarize the previous paragraph. |
B.To add some background information. |
C.To provide some advice for the readers. |
D.To introduce a new topic for discussion. |
A.There are many Covid-19 sufferers. |
B.People are willing to be in the study. |
C.The robotic system is acceptable. |
D.Patients are active in talking to the robot. |
A.The Robotic Doctor Will See You Now |
B.Health Care Workers Are Unavailable |
C.The Covid-19 Patients Favor Robots |
D.Robot Development Needs Human Support |
【推荐2】In a paper published recently in the journal Seabird, a RSPB team documented the training, testing and performance of scent dogs(嗅觉犬) .
Scent dogs have regularly been used for conservation for decades. They are particularly effective at detecting birds that breed (繁殖) in holes and are only active aboveground at night.
Many seabirds show these same characteristics and some, including European storm petrels (海燕), are well-known for their strong scent. However, using scent dogs to detect seabirds has not been common practice in the UK.
The storm petrel is the UK’s smallest seabird. They spend most of their time at sea, only coming to land to breed in summer. They come ashore under the cover of darkness and nest underground in holes. Manx shearwaters (大西洋鹱) are similarly ocean-loving, breeding on land in the UK before going to the South American coast for winter.
These two species are threatened in the UK. However, surveying them is difficult due to their behaviours. The RSPB researchers tried to detect them by using their dogs.
Dog A, called Islay, was trained to locate and indicate storm petrel feathers. Dog B, called Dewi, is used to detect Manx shearwater holes. Dewi had learnt to distinguish between occupied and unoccupied holes and lie down to indicate occupied holes.
The study found that, with sufficient training and reward, Islay could find the precise location of the storm petrel and differentiate between storm petrel and shearwaters cents with 100% reliability. However, care was needed to ensure no combination of scents occurred. Similarly, Dewi had a high success rate in finding shearwater nest holes, although he was less successful at locating deep holes, probably because there was less shearwaters cent at the entrance.
Mark Bolton, RSPB principal conservation scientist and lead author of the paper, says, “The recent use of scent dogs to locate the nest holes of storm petrels on the, Isle of May is further evidence of the potential of scent dogs for seabird monitoring and I hope that this study will encourage more conservation practitioners to use scent dogs in their work.”
1. What do we know about the storm petrel?A.It is the smallest bird in the world. |
B.It returns to land during the winter. |
C.It breeds on the South American coast. |
D.It is active at night and has a strong scent. |
A.Distinguish the combination of scents. |
B.Find the precise location of a small seabird. |
C.Tell storm petrel and shearwaters cents apart. |
D.Confirm the entrance to a shearwater nest hole. |
A.It is significant for the Isle of May. |
B.It aids seabird monitoring and conservation. |
C.It improves the detection capacities of dogs. |
D.It delivers ground-breaking insights into seabirds. |
A.Scent dogs helping detect seabirds in holes |
B.Scent dogs serving to find nests for seabirds |
C.Scent dogs first used for guarding endangered animals |
D.Scent dogs revealing scents of several kinds of seabirds |
【推荐3】About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.
That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”.
It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.”
In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians.
The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia.
That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.”
“Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title.
1. Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from?A.His exploration of the local music. |
B.His cooperation with the young violinist. |
C.His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat. |
D.His constantly changing taste in violin styles. |
A.help Hoffman to become a master violin player |
B.are funded by American public television stations |
C.introduce different styles of musicians around the world |
D.record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles |
A.the power of diversified artistic expression |
B.the pleasure in learning traditional music |
C.the technique of instrument playing |
D.the importance of famous artists |
Hadrian’s Wall was built, beginning in 122 AD, to keep Roman Britain safe from attacks from the Picts. The wall, starting from the North Sea to the Irish Sea (from the Tyne to the Solway), is about 73 miles long, 10 feet wide, and 15 feet high. In addition to the wall, the Romans built a system of small forts (堡垒) housing up to 60 men every Roman mile along its whole length, with e towers very 1/3 Roman mile. 16 larger forts holding from 500 to 1000 soldiers were built into the wall, with large gates on the north face.
Israeli West Bank barrier
The Israeli West Bank barrier is a barrier under construction by the State of Israel along and within the West Bank. Upon completion, the barrier’s total length will be nearly 700 kilometers. The barrier is built mainly in the West Bank.
The Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was the physical boundary between West Germany and East Germany. The Berlin Wall was built in the dead of night in 1961 and for 28 years kept East Germans from escaping to the West. Its destruction (in 1989) was celebrated around the world.
Conwy’s Town Walls
Conwy’s Town Walls are an ancient defensive (防御的) project around the town of Conwy in North Wales. The walls were built between 1283 and 1287. They are 1.3 kilometers long and include 21 towers and three gate houses. The project was completed by large quantities of workers and cost around £15,000. Today the walls form part of the UNESCO world heritage site (联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产).
1. We know from the passage that Hadrian’s Wall_______.
A.is about 15 feet wide |
B.has about 60 small forts |
C.is seen from the Tyne to the North Sea |
D.has 16 larger forts built into it |
A.is a barrier being built by the Israeli state |
B.is built completely in the West Bank |
C.once made Israel separated |
D.has a length of over 700 kilometers |
A.the Israeli West Bank barrier |
B.the Berlin Wall |
C.Conwy’s Town Walls |
D.Hadrian’s Wall |
A.have 21 gatehouses |
B.were built in the twelfth century |
C.were built for the purpose of defense |
D.will soon become a UNSCO world heritage site |
A.They have the same length |
B.They were built in the same age |
C.They have towers on their walls. |
D.They cost a huge amount of money |
【推荐2】In the recently opened Our Broken Planet exhibition in London’s Natural History Museum, a small piece of dark material covered with faint holes is on show in a display container. The nodule(小块) could easily be mistaken for coal, but its true nature is much more interesting.
The nodule is a combination of metals and oceanographers have discovered trillions of them on Earth’s ocean floors. Each is rich in some of the most important elements for making the electric cars, wind turbines and solar panels that we need to replace the carbon-emitting motors, power plants and factories now damaging our climate.
These nodules could therefore help humanity save itself from the ill effects of global warming, argue mining companies who say their exploitation should be rated an international priority. By mining up chunks(块) from the deep we can slow the burning of our planet’s surface.
“We desperately need substantial amounts of metals contained by these nodules to build electric cars and power plants,” says Hans Smit, chief executive of Florida’s Oceans Minerals, which has announced plans to mine for nodules. “We cannot increase land supplies of these metals without having a significant environmental impact. It’s our only alternative. ”
Other researchers disagree, however. They say mining deep-sea nodules would be disastrous for our already stressed, plastic-ridden, overheated oceans. Delicate, long-living residents of the deep — shells, fish, corals and squids — would be erased by mining. At the same time, mud with poisonous metals would be sent upwards to disturb marine food-chains.
“It is hard to imagine how seabed mines could workably operate without destroying the ocean species,” says UK marine biologist Helen Scales, a view shared by David Attenborough, who has called for a pause on all deep-sea mining plans. “In this case it means the destruction of an ecosystem, an issue worth the best attention from every entity(实体) involved. ”he says.
For better or worse, these mineral nodules are going to play a critical role in determining our future — either by releasing us from our current ecological headaches or by stimulating even more fatal outcomes.
1. Which of the following best describes the nodule on display?A.An interesting artificial artwork. | B.A difficult-to-tell chunk of coal. |
C.An oceanic piece rich in metals. | D.A container for electric materials. |
A.New technology for power plants. | B.Massive production of electric cars. |
C.Land exploitation for more minerals. | D.Underwater mining for specific metals. |
A.The disorderly movements of ocean species. |
B.The disturbance of ecological balance at sea. |
C.The operational workability for seabed mining. |
D.The uneven distribution of profits among entities. |
A.They can be used both for good and for bad. |
B.Their exploitation can bring opposing effects. |
C.They contain beneficial and harmful elements. |
D.Their exploiters cannot reach agreement till now. |
【推荐3】The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come — certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition (转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought.
It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the world’s leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster.
Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (排放), while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation (安装).
There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to take no notice of the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2025, along with a 20%increase in the use of renewable energy.
The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic US improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large- scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.
The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.
1. Vaclav Smil believes that ________.A.renewable energies are not very practical |
B.the change to renewables will come slowly |
C.systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set up |
D.there are many setbacks of renewable energies |
A.has cut down half of the carbon emissions |
B.has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissions |
C.is trying its best to encourage the use of renewables |
D.tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables |
A.their falling prices | B.the decline in the coal industry |
C.international trade | D.the new rules on CO2 emission |
A.Smil’s forecast has proved to be inaccurate in all situations |
B.Renewable energy serves as a major source of energy in today’s world |
C.Companies supported the rules made by US Environmental Protection Agency |
D.There has been a steady improvement in the efficiency of wind and solar systems |
A.call on people to use fewer fossil fuels |
B.give advice on how to promote renewables |
C.argue that the energy transition will come sooner |
D.prove that renewables will be the major source of energy |