Dream culture is an important part of ancient Chinese culture. Dream interpreting is popular in China，and the most famous reference for dream interpreting is the book Duke of Zhou Interprets Dreams.
Ancient Chinese people thought that dreams could suggest lucky and unlucky things. Since different dreams have different meanings，people can get meanings of good or bad luck by interpreting them. Actually，dream interpreting is not totally a superstition. It does have some scientific value.
★Dreams are the reflection of the facts. Many dreams are actually something about what happened in the daytime. This kind of dream can be easily understood without dream interpreting.
★Dreams are the body's self－implication. Traditional Chinese medical science says that dreams are connected with the health condition of humans' bodies. When Yin and Yang are imbalanced，dreams come into being. If someone dreamt that he or she was roasted by a big fire，it shows he or she might easily get angry or nervous.
★Dreams are usually different from the facts. It means that things will develop in the opposite direction when they become worse.
To some degree，Duke of Zhou Interprets Dreams is scientifically reasonable. Over thousands of years has passed，the book still has many secrets waiting for us to explore.
1. According to the passage，dream culture ________．| A．is important in ancient Chinese culture | B．is unimportant in foreign culture |
| C．has no scientific value | D．is something about God |
| A．were very popular | B．could suggest lucky and unlucky things |
| C．couldn't be interpreted | D．were always different from the facts |
| A．excited | B．relaxed | C．nervous | D．bored |
| A．Duke of Zhou Interprets Dreams is a book about dream interpreting. |
| B．When Yin and Yang are not balanced，you dream easily. |
| C．Dreams sometimes are the opposite of the facts. |
| D．There are no secrets in the book Duke of Zhou Interprets Dreams. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Body language, especially gestures, varies among cultures. For example, a nod of the head means “yes” to most of us.
Folded arms signal pride in Finland, but disrespect in Fiji. The number of bows that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other, as well as the length and the depth of the bows, signals the social status each party feels towards each other.
Italians might think you’re bored unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions. Many Americanmen sit with their legs crossed with one ankle resting over the opposite knee.
Likewise, Americans consider eye contact very important, often not trusting someone who is afraid to look at you in the eye. But in Japan and many Latin American countries, keeping the eyes lowered is a sign of respect.
| A．To look a partner full in the eye is considered a sign of ill-breeding and is felt to be annoying. |
| B．As is known to all, eyes are the window the soul. |
| C．However, this would be considered an insult in Muslim countries, where one will never show the sole of the foot to a guest. |
| D．But in Bulgaria and Greece a nod means “no” and a shake of the head means “yes”. |
| E．Waving or pointing to an Arab business person would be considered rude because that is how Arabs call their dogs over. |
| F．However, whatever cultures you are exposed to, bear in mind that when in Rome, do as the Romans do. |
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of distraction, and brought news of the outside world．
The tough realities of the border also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest settler agent. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or only a charitable impulse (冲动） on the part of the settlers. It reflected the hardship of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation．
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the exhausted traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist routes. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner, amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be understood neither as superficial（表面的）nor as artificial（虚伪的）, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals and customs is the basis of all social inter-relationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural meanings of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to tell polite customs from individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue （美德） that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
1. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________．
| A．rude taxi drivers are hardly seen in the US |
| B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment |
| C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors |
| D．most Americans are ready to offer help |
| A．culture has an influence over social inter-relationship |
| B．polite customs and individual interest are inter-related |
| C．various virtues shows themselves only among friends |
| D．social inter-relationships equal the complex set of cultural customs |
| A．to improve their hard life | B．in view of their long-distance travel |
| C．to add some taste to their own daily life | D．out of a charitable impulse |
| A．tends to be superficial and artificial |
| B．is generally well kept up in the United States |
| C．is always understood properly |
| D．has something to do with the busy tourist route |
China Singles’ Day, as a shopping day, takes place on November 11 each year. There are sharp discounts and other promotions (促销) designed by Alibaba to attract online customers. In 2015, E-commerce giant Alibaba broke records with sales of $14.3 billion on China Singles’ Day, with online sales increasing 60 percent from last year, according to Alibaba. “Most people shop on mobile phones or ipads and online shopping has become a comfortable channel for most consumers”, said Kitty Fok, China manager for market research. “China is a big market with close to one billion smart, connected device users. It is good news for both Alibaba and their competitors,” she said.
The company is focusing on international e-commerce for future Singles’ Days, reported Reuters. “Within the next five years, we expect China will become the world's largest e-commerce market for imported products,” President Michael Evans told reporters on Wednesday. Alibaba Chief Executive Daniel Zhang said in a statement that Singles’ Day would mean that “the whole world will see the power of Chinese consumption.” Over 130 million users visited Alibaba’s marketplace app, Taobao, reported the BBC.
1. What does Alibaba expect to do on Singles’ Day?
| A．Celebrate single lives | B．Defeat competitors |
| C．Develop firm cultures | D．Increase online sales |
| A．Smart products | B．Crazy buying |
| C．Low prices | D．More advertisements |
| A．The popularity of smart, connected device users. |
| B．The potential power of Chinese consumption. |
| C．The cooperation with the international e-commerce. |
| D．The promotions on Alibaba's marketplace app, Taobao. |
| A．doubtful | B．optimistic |
| C．negative | D．uncertain |
【推荐1】The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sport in the world. Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors of the sport. As many as 6000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is the spirit of the Olympics — to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first. For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. The team of the country where the Games are being held — the host country — marches in last.
The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame. A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competition begins the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field, but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport — riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams.
More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912, but it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now, they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.
1. The spirit of the Olympics is to _________.| A．win a gold medal | B．be equal |
| C．gain glory | D．participate |
| A．the first team to march in the opening ceremony is the most important one |
| B．a sportsman represents all the athletes to take an oath after a wonderful display |
| C．the track and field events do not start until a few days after the Olympics begin |
| D．women were allowed to take part in track and field events in 1912 |
| A．Tennis. | B．Shooting. |
| C．Riding | D．Swimming |
| A．Olympic Spirit. |
| B．Opening ceremony of the Olympics. |
| C．Rules for all Olympic events. |
| D．The birthplace of the Olympic Games. |
【推荐2】It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny?” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android ‘Erica’ in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(移情，共鸣)，”explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue, an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics. “One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model, a human initially laughs and the Al system responds with laughter as an empathetic response. This approach required designing three subsystems-one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions- shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter- and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
1. What’s the purpose of raising the question “What’s so funny” at the beginning?| A．To show opinions on funny things. |
| B．To encourage readers to share their ideas. |
| C．To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh. |
| D．To emphasize the importance of being funny. |
| A．The sense of humor |
| B．The shared-laughter system |
| C．The speaking style |
| D．The distinct character |
| A．Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh. |
| B．Assessing the interactions based on emotions. |
| C．Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica. |
| D．Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues. |
| A．Indifferent |
| B．Suspicious |
| C．Optimistic |
| D．Objective |
【推荐3】“How much privacy can a photo show?” This topic has been discussed on Sina Weibo recently, causing concerns about privacy awareness.
In group chats, some people may post their original photos. But that may give away your home address and other information. Images often contain a lot of information and various traces left by digital cameras or photo processing software.
This data, called Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF), is a key tool for many professionals. It can detail whether the photographer used a flash, which digital effects were applied to a picture and when the photo was taken. EXIF can also contain the precise GPS coordinates (坐标) of the location where a photo was taken, according to CNN.
If you take a landscape picture from your window and send the original picture to a group chat, it means that you are releasing your location data to all strangers in the group. They may even accurately infer your house number by analyzing the shooting time and angle.
Not just in a group chat, sending an image in a text message, email, or other delivery tools will also include the accompanying information. So how do we protect our privacy when sending photos?
The most effective way is to avoid sending original photos in group chats. If it’s necessary, try not to tap the “original picture”. However, photos sent by WeChat Moments are automatically compressed (压缩) by the system, and they travel without location and other information, according to the WeChat team.
To tackle the problem at its root, we can delete and remove a picture’s EXIF data on a computer. If you are using an IOS smartphone, you can turn off location services for the camera in the privacy settings. If you’re using an Android, the settings vary. Typically, you can go to the setting menu and switch the services off for the camera, according to CTV News.
There is one more thing you can do — photoshop your photos before you share them. What comes with your edited images is photos without stored location data.
1. Which of the information can not be tracked by EXIF?| A．The time when the photo was taken. |
| B．The digital effects that were applied to a photo. |
| C．The place where you are viewing the photo. |
| D．The GPS coordinates of the location where a photo was taken. |
| A．The photos won’t reveal your location data. |
| B．The accompanying information will be deleted. |
| C．Your personal information will be revealed. |
| D．The photos you are uploading will not be compressed. |
A. Photoshop the photos before sharing.
B. Send out the EXIF data on the computer.
C. Switch off location services for the camera.
D. Compressed the photos before sharing.
| A．abc. | B．acd. | C．bed. | D．abed. |
| A．Privacy Protection in Photo Sharing |
| B．Ways to Raise Privacy Awareness |
| C．How Does EXIF Work in Photo Sharing |
| D．The Importance of Location Services for the Camera |
