【推荐3】Bookstores are a traveller’s best friends: they provide convenient shelter in bad weather, and they often host readings and other cultural events. Here is a look at the world’s six greatest bookstores.

Adrian Harrington—since 1971. Rare books; rare first editions; leather—bound sets and general antiques (古玩). Address: 64A Kensington Church Street, Kensington, London, England, U.K.

Another Country— Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany. Another Country is an English language second-hand bookshop which is mostly used as a library. They have about 20,000 books that you can buy or borrow. Some regular events are held at the shop, such as readings, cultural events, social evenings and film nights.

Atlantis Books—Oia, Santorini, Greece. Atlantis Books is an independent bookshop on the island of Santorini, Greece, founded in 2004 by a group of friends from Cyprus, England, and the United States. Throughout the year it has hosted literary festivals, film screenings, book readings, and good old-fashioned dance parties.

Bart’s Books—Ojai, California, U. S. A. “The World’s Greatest Outdoor Bookstore”, a bookstore founded by Richard Bartinsdale in 1964. Shelves of books face the street, and regular customers are asked to drop coins into the door’s coin box to pay for any books they take whenever the store is closed.

10 Corso Como—Milan, Italy, Extensive selection of publication on art, architecture, design, graphics and fashion, along with a strong emphasis on photography. It was founded in 1990 in Milan, Italy, by Carla Sozzani.

The Bookworm—A bookshop, library, bar, restaurant and event space, now with five locations in three cities in China—Beijing, Suzhou and Chengdu. The interconnecting rooms with floor-to-ceiling books on every wall are light and airy in summer, yet warm and comfortable in winter.

1. What can learn about the above bookstores?

A．They are traveler’s best friends.

B．They usually host readings.

C．They are the greatest bookstores in the world.

D．They are all in Europe.

2. Where can we watch films according the passage?

A．In Another Country and 10 Corso Como.	B．In Another Country and Atlantis Books.
C．In Atlantis Books and The Bookworm.	D．In Atlantis Books and 10 Corso Como.

3. What is special Bart’s Books?

A．Customers can buy books even after it is closed.

B．Books are put in outdoor shelves

C．It has the longest history in the world.

D．Customers should pay for books in coins.

【推荐1】Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values — this can’t be repeated too often — are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering (干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of. Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance (机械维修，保养) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can't ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．The values are different between the old and the young.

B．The moral problems raised by old people.

C．The personal freedom for the old.

D．Old people’s viewpoint on life.

2. We can know from the first paragraph that ________.

A．very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom

B．very old people are able to keep their room clean

C．very old people like to live with their children

D．social services have nothing to do with very old people

3. According to the author, which of the following is right?

A．The older a person, the more care he needs.

B．Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.

C．The human body can’t be compared to a car.

D．It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.

4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”．

A．their money or their health

B．the conclusion you come to

C．your talk to the old people

D．whether age is happy or unpleasant

【推荐3】Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on laboratory tests or sometimes self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: Students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymous meal-card purchases for that semester-nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from other group remained at 52 percent.

“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,” Schwitzgebel says, Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confusing variable.

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least sparkling, he thinks, is rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might also play a big role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel, who had predicted no effect, will be eating his words.

1. Why is it difficult to determine the effects of ethics classes?

A．Because the ethics classes don’t have lasting effects.

B．Because the subjects in ethics classes are difficult to identify.

C．Because the evidence gathered from the classes may be unreliable.

D．Because the classes are usually poorly summarized and misinterpreted.

2. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?

A．It is a sought-after behavior among students.

B．It is beneficial to students’ health.

C．It is a behavior easy to measure.

D．It is a hot topic among students in ethics classes.

3. Eric Schwitzgebel’s previous findings suggest that ethics professors               .

A．are not necessarily ethically better.

B．are less open to new things than other professionals.

C．are not sensitive to political issues.

D．are less likely to criticize students.

4. Which of the following can be concluded from the text?

A．Students’ change in behavior can give a boost to their reasoning.

B．Students’ change in behavior is a result of multiple factors.

C．Students’ change in behavior is a result of self reflection and regulation.

D．Students’ change in behavior can bring psychological benefits.