There are as many kinds of careers as there are people. They vary greatly in the type of work involved(涉及) and in the ways they influence a person's life. The kind of career you have can affect your life in many ways. By making wise decisions concerning your career, you can help yourself build the life you want. To do that, you need as much information as possible. The more you know about yourself, the better able you will be to choose a satisfying career.
What do people hope to obtain from a career? Some people desire a high income. Some hope for fame. Others seek for adventure. Still others intend to serve people and make the world a better place. Before you begin to explore career fields, you should determine your values, your interests, and your aptitudes that will make you competent for your future work. Most people are happiest in jobs that fit their values, interests, and skills. Each person has many values, which vary in strength. For example, money is the strongest value for some people—that is, wealth is more important to them than anything else. As a result, they focus their thoughts, behaviour, and emotions on the goal of earning a high income. Other values include devoting to religion, taking risks, spending time with family, and helping others.
Before making a career decision, you can ask yourself what is most important to you and examine your beliefs to better know your values. For example, is it important to you to work as a member of a team? Or would you rather be in charge or work alone? If working alone or being in charge is important to you, independence is probably one of your primary values.
1. How can we make a wise career decision?| A．We learn more about ourselves. |
| B．We stick to our beliefs more firmly. |
| C．We change our interests more often. |
| D．We find more career opportunities. |
| A．Bringing huge wealth. | B．Meeting inner demands. |
| C．Developing interests and skills. | D．Contributing to forming values. |
| A．The contents of our values. | B．The foundations of our values. |
| C．The places to achieve our values. | D．The ways to understand our values. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】What brings you happiness?
Pride isn't necessarily a terrible thing. It can bring you confidence and self-assurance, which are two great qualities that can help you lead a happy life.
When you think about addiction, you might think of alcohol or drug addiction. But there are countless other forms of addiction, too. You could be addicted to work, sugar, video games, drama, or even a harmful relationship.
It's also important to recognize that leaving your comfort zone is a good, although often unwanted idea. If you never leave your comfort zone, you'll never grow. Even though something can make you feel uncomfortable at first, it will benefit you in the long run.
| A．If you're in this situation, you,ll be much happier. |
| B．Always keep in mind that self-doubt has no benefits. |
| C．Drop the belief that your past will always be better than the future. |
| D．Whatever your desire is, it will always be a barrier to your happiness. |
| E．Many people believe if they fulfilled their desires, they would be satisfied. |
| F．However, your extreme pride can ruin your personal and professional relationships. |
| G．Ultimately, you'll expand your horizons on who you can be and what you can achieve. |
【推荐2】The time our students didn't spend in school was mostly spent consuming: products, media and entertainment. What can we do about it—especially during these long summer months when our kids expect to be entertained?
We should encourage our kids to travel. I'm not talking about the grand European tour. Travel is simply an opportunity to help our kids to learn to see different social and economic arrangements.
Start close to home and visit a different neighborhood.
Few experiences help our kids discover the distinction between needs and wants. It’s doesn't have to be a hike through the Yukon, but just living out of a backpack for a long weekend where they take an active role in planning meals, buying food and setting up the tent.
| A．Vacations are no reason for children to be lazy |
| B．We also want our kids to travel into literature |
| C．Travel is a great thing, but it needs time and money |
| D．Your kids can learn to work for their community |
| E．However, solving the problem in a single summer is not enough |
| F．You don’t have eyes to see your own community until you’ve visited another |
| G．The key thing is not to have been passive consumers |
【推荐3】Thousands of college students have part-time jobs and nobody wants to become a slave to graduation debt.
●Tutoring
Make use of your strong understanding of a specific subject and become a tutor.
●Blogging
If you wouldn’t mind sharing your knowledge or life with other people,then this option is right for you.You can earn some cash by starting a blog.To make your blog a money-making machine,you need to gain much blog traffic.
●Residential and Commercial Cleaning Services
Every business aims to satisfy a particular need of their customers.
●Graphic Design
| A．Tutoring chances are rare in college. |
| B．There are websites that offer such services. |
| C．Let people know about your cleaning service. |
| D．So,look around and find out what that particular need is. |
| E．Take the topic you’re passionate about and provide consistent,unique content. |
| F．Rather than work for others,some students choose to launch their own businesses. |
| G．Most small business want to get professional looking logos without spending too much. |
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift (.轮班)， I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: "Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one." I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
1. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?
(No more than 12 words) (2 marks)
2. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do?
(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
3. Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations?
(No more than 13 words) (2 marks)
4. What did the author learn from his first job?
(No mom dm II words) (3 marks)
【推荐2】When I opened my closet door this morning, I saw a sign that says, “Good morning, beautiful business.” It’s a reminder to me of just how beautiful business can be when we put all our creativity, energy, and care into producing one product or service in exchange for another. Economic exchange can be one of the most meaningful and beautiful interactions among human beings.
Over the past years since I started the White Dog Café, my business has not only provided me with a way of making a living and a way of serving others but also been my teacher. In reading Small Is Beautiful I realized that so much of what my business has taught me can be found in the great lessons of E.F. Schumacher: it is of great benefit to keep your business focusing on the needs of workers rather than only on what they produce; you’d better use a management style that balances freedom and order; you should build sustainable local economies and respect the land and nature. The effects of industrialization that worried Schumacher decades ago have gotten even worse: namely, wealth inequality and the growing degradation (退化) of our environment.
Today much of what I care about ---nature, animals, communities, family farms, family businesses, native cultures, the character of our towns and cities, even our children’s future---is being threatened by corporate globalization. To protect all that I care deeply about, I need to step out of my own company, out of the White Dog Café. I started my journey with the simple idea that a sustainable global economy must be compromised of sustainable local economies. Rather than a global economy controlled by large international corporations, our movement advocates a global economy with a network of local economies made up of small independent businesses that create community wealth while working in harmony with natural system.
I opened the White Dog Café in 1983 on the first floor of my house in a neighborhood of Philadelphia. It is the house I have lived in since I was a child. Today much of the food I serve at the White Dog Café comes from the same land where my ancestors once farmed. When I opened the café years ago, it was a simple coffee and cake take-away shop serving students who lived nearby. Over the years we have expanded our menu and grown to occupy five buildings. We now employ more 100 people, can seat more than two hundred customers, and earn over $5 million a year! I owe our success to making decisions not for the purpose of maximizing profits but instead maximizing the relationships with our customers and staff, with our community, with our suppliers and with our natural environment.
Now I still live above the shop. I still have the old-fashioned way of doing business---the way it was in the old days with the family farm, the family inn, and the corner store. Living and working in the same community has given me a stronger sense of place and a different business outlook. When I make a business decision, it comes naturally for my decision to be made in the common interest of all involved because every day I see the people affected by my decision---my neighbours, my customers, and my employees as well as the natural world. There is a short distance between the business decision-maker and those affected by the decision. I believe that when we are surrounded by those affected by our decisions, we are more likely to make a decision from the heart as opposed to the head.
Business schools teach “grow or die”. But I make a conscious decision to continue to be a small business because I know that when we grow in physical size, we give up something very important ---authentic relationships with the people around us and those we do business with. I have come to realize that we can measure our success by measuring how much we improve our knowledge, deepen our relationships, achieve happiness, and have more fun.
1. What do we know about the sign on the author’s closet door?| A．It has been her family motto for years. |
| B．It serves as an inspiration to her. |
| C．It comes from one of her favourite book. |
| D．It helps her forget difficulties in business. |
| A．The high cost. | B．Small profits. |
| C．Poor management. | D．Damage to the environment. |
| A．She worked together with other independent businesses. |
| B．She fought against the global economy in her community. |
| C．She expanded her own business at home and abroad. |
| D．She learned from large international corporations. |
| A．It always has regular customers. |
| B．It has been run as a family business. |
| C．It gets along well with the people involved. |
| D．It makes big profits by developing fast. |
| A．She wants to stay close to her family. |
| B．She can learn about others’ opinions easily. |
| C．Food in her café can be served immediately. |
| D．Neighbors can be her customers or employees. |
| A．We usually learn how to do business in business school. |
| B．Business schools focus on the basic principles of business. |
| C．We tend to measure success in business by constant growth. |
| D．Business schools teach when to expand or leave the business. |
【推荐3】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
1. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?| A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist | B．Translation makes people knowledgeable. |
| C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. | D．Moderate effort produces the best result. |
| A．is good at handling pressure | B．works hard to become successful |
| C．a has a natural talent for his job. | D．gets on well with his co-workers |
| A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people. |
| B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless. |
| C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. |
| D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity. |
| A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. | B．Balance between work and family. |
| C．Long-standing cultural traditions. | D．Harmony in the work environment. |
【推荐1】Slow schools and slow education can refer to different aspects of education. Some people use the term slow schools to refer to schools that are attempting to bring slow food to the cafeteria or dining room. For others it has far more implications and includes aspects of connection to knowledge, tradition, moral purpose and all that is important in life. In this sense it refers to the curriculum (课程), the way it is delivered, the process of learning, management of the school, and even if school is the best vehicle through which to educate our children. So in this sense, it refers to bringing the slow movement into education.
In many Western countries that have Anglo-Saxon origins, governments and schools have strict control structures in place and schools are driven by standardised curricula with tests and targets to ensure uniform outcomes. The emphasis is on the outcome not on the process. The process is about things like how ideas are conceptualised, how can we support learning and the knowing of how to learn, as well as the love of learning and investigating.
Slow education is also about connection to knowledge and to learning—real learning. It is about doing no harm and having respect for all living and non-living things. Slow education is a concept of ‘ecological literacy’. Michael Stone and Zenobia Barlow have put together a collection of authors in Ecological Literacy: Educating our Children for a Sustainable World to give us ways to adapt to the way we live on Earth and the way we can educate our children to their highest capacities. This book is recommended to parents and educators who are engaged in creative efforts to develop new curricula and improve children’s ecological understanding. Slow education is about supporting our children to develop values and ethics (道德规范) that will enable them to live a joyous life in the slow lane.
The similarities of debate about Fast Food vs Slow Food and the debate about Fast Schools vs Slow Schools are self- evident upon reflection. Fast schools like fast food are not concerned with the process, preparation and connection. They are concerned with the standardised end product which in the case of schools is the results from standardised tests and targets, and in the case of food is the standardised hamburger or fried chicken etc. ，that look like all others the outlet produce quickly.
The process of education is not about supplying students with lumps of information to be repeated on demand. It is about enabling students to learn how to learn. It is also about giving them opportunities to hear what others have learnt (knowledge) and to then discuss, argue, and reflect on this knowledge to gain a greater understanding of its truth for them and of how this knowledge will be of use to them.
1. What does the underlined phrase “uniform outcome” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．The same results. | B．The unique courses. |
| C．The positive effects. | D．The special clothes. |
| A．To present the purpose of slow education. |
| B．To encourage people to develop new courses. |
| C．To prove slow education is popular among parents. |
| D．To offer materials to learn about ecological literacy. |
| A．Education is a mirror reflecting the world. |
| B．People should rethink what to teach in schools. |
| C．We should reflect on ourselves on a daily basis. |
| D．Better reading skills should be attained in school. |
| A．Slow Schools- connecting children to life. |
| B．Slow Food- -turning schools into a new style. |
| C．Slow Education- -helping students get better grades. |
| D．Slow Movement- -being different from the fast world. |
【推荐2】Last summer，Uber finally started allowing its customers to tip their drivers. Nothing actually prevented them from tipping before. At the end of the ride a passenger could have pulled out his wallet，fished around for change and handed the driver a few dollars. But it would have seemed foolish to do so，when everything else about the deal was handled through a few taps of the app. The app didn’t enable tipping, so riders didn’t tip.
All of this stresses the difficult problem for hotel housekeepers. Increasingly，people book hotel rooms through their computers or phones. They pay，and often pre-pay，with their credit cards. There’s a good chance they don’t even carry cash. And yet to tip the housekeeper—or the bellhop or concierge—there’s no choice but cash.
It is probably no coincidence, then, according to the New York Times，that fewer than one in three hotel guests in America now leave tips for the people who clean their rooms. It’s not as if hotel guests can’t afford them.
Hotel pay varies widely, but some housekeepers rely on tips for their life. Housekeepers in some cities made as low as $10 an hour last year. After the Marriott chain started leaving envelopes in 160,000 rooms for housekeeper tips，tipping seemed to have increased, according to the Times. But Marriott ended the practice a few weeks later, finding it unpopular with guests, some of whom felt pressured into tipping.
A better solution would be to go the Uber route. Upon checkout (or electronic checkout)，guests could be asked if they’d like to tip their housekeeper. This would be similar to what happens at the end of a ride on ride-hailing apps，or on tablet screens in shops.
1. Why does the author mention Uber in the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To advertise the app. |
| C．To arouse an argument. | D．To make a comparison. |
| A．They can’t afford them. |
| B．They prefer to pay cash tips. |
| C．They can’t tip on the app. |
| D．They’ve paid tips in advance. |
| A．People didn’t tip. | B．Some felt forced to pay. |
| C．Room service improved. | D．Guests preferred to tip by card. |
| A．Nothing stops customers tipping. |
| B．Housekeepers live happily on tips. |
| C．Tipping on apps is the only solution. |
| D．Cash-free deals make it harder to tip. |
【推荐3】Have you ever yelled at your computer because it wasn’t working? Your computer couldn’t “yell” back -until now. AI researchers are now working on computers that can argue and perhaps even win debates with humans.
IBM scientists published a paper in Nature on March 17 about their new AI system - Project Debater. It can debate with people independently in front of live audiences. After listening to arguments from its opponent (对手), the system can search around 400 million online articles in less than five minutes. It looks for ideas that can support its own argument.
Testing on the system began in 2019 when it debated with Harish Natarajan, a professional debater who holds the world record for most debate competition victories. The debate topic was whether or not preschool should be subsidized(给. . . . . 补助), and the AI system argued in favor of this idea. Although the AI lost the debate in the end based on the audience vote, the audience said it did very well. Interestingly, 58 percent of the audience said that Project Debater increased their knowledge about the topic, while only 20 percent said the same about Natarajan. Also, Project Debater has shown strength at making impressive and logical opening statements in the debate, according to Scientific American.
After competing with various human debaters, the AI system’s overall performance remains inferior(逊色 的), “fully capable of sounding awkward during an argument, ” noted Scientific American.
In other words, the back-and-forth arguments in the AI system’s debates don’t sound like a real human conversation. “On stage, Project Debater is far from perfect, and its missteps (过失) reveal just how difficult and how human argumentation and debate are, ” said computer scientist Chris Reed of the University of Dundee in the UK.
Humans and technology have been facing off for decades. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue became the first computer to defeat a reigning(卫冕的)chess champion, besting titan (巨人)Garry Kasparov in a six-game match. So after two decades, have IBM’s researchers just reproduced a “Deep Blue” to debate? It’s much more than that, the researchers noted. Argument and debate are fundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力) of human intelligence, and it’s a step outside of AI’s comfort zone to enter this realm(领域), according to the article in Nature.
1. How can Project Debater debate with humans?| A．By learning from humans. |
| B．By making use of its internal data. |
| C．By listening to researchers’ instructions. |
| D．By collecting a lot of data in a short time. |
| A．It made them more aware of the topic. |
| B．Its statements were not logical enough. |
| C．Its overall performance was better than Natarajan’s. |
| D．Its opening statements were boring. |
| A．The disadvantages of Project Debater. |
| B．Project Debater’s competitions with other human debaters. |
| C．The application of the A system in the future. |
| D．Challenges facing the AI system and human debaters. |
| A．Project Debater is considered an updated version of Deep Blue. |
| B．Humans have an advantage over AI in debating. |
| C．AI has a long way to go before it can win against humans. |
| D．AI technology hasn’t progressed much in the last decades. |
