Westerners usually don’t think of China as having a rich tradition of making comics, and discussions of Chinese comics focus on manhua, the Chinese comics that were inspired by Japanese manga. It’s true that most of the comics being produced now are manhua.
Most of the lianhuanhua that can still be found in China were printed in the late 1970s and 1980s.
Using newly imported printing techniques, publishers began releasing periodicals (期刊) that contained stories and illustrations.
Many of these early comics were multi-volume(多卷的) adaptations of martial arts epics or folk tales such as the classical Chinese novel, Journey to the West.
| A．Their history reaches back much farther. |
| B．Most people couldn’t afford to rent one to read. |
| C．For a few coins，readers could sit down and read. |
| D．Others were adapted from theater shows or popular films such as King Kong. |
| E．But this was not the case for much of the 20th century. |
| F．But people could also enjoy foreign movie stories on lianhuanhua. |
| G．They named these works “lianhuanhua” (linked images). |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Helga Stentzel’s Clothesline Animals combine charming images as fine art prints in various sizes.
As an artist whose style she calls “household surrealism (超现实主义)”，she works in various media and has a large collection of works. Instead of throwing an old pair of pants or T-shirt away, Helga Stentzel puts her tired garments out to the farm. By hanging them on a simple clothesline she sets up and folding them artfully that look like animals, she takes wonderful pictures. Some are shot in real locations while others are digitally placed in environments in charming form with appealing colors.
Siberian-born Stentzel has cooperated with many respectable and well-known brands, one of which is Hogar Verde, a bio-friendly laundry products brand in Ecuador. For them she has created the adorable clothing illusions (错觉) for a print ad campaign，which also drew attention to the endangered animals shown within, like dinosaurs, polar bears and so on.
Stentzel’s practice started from her childhood in Siberia, where she spent hours surveying her grandmother’s carpet, woods and random objects for recognizable forms, including a pile of buckets looking like the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
In what seems a very simple gesture, Stentzel’s works employ household items and turn them into surrealist images that uncover different reading layers. From food to clothes, the artist is inspired by everyday objects and gives them a second life through her creative and really poetic personal angle.
“I stare at things longer than socially acceptable! It can be anything—a chair, a noodle hanging off the fork, a lamp post in the middle of the road. Observation is a form of thinking for me. I really enjoy studying colors, shapes and textures—with no expectation, simply admiring their unique beauty. Very often there’s nothing more to it, but sometimes BOOM!—a creative idea hits my brain, and it makes a link between sliced bread and wrinkled skin of a French bulldog. It’s very unpredictable,”Stentzel said.
1. How did Stentzel create an artwork according to paragraph2?| A．By designing clothes on software. |
| B．By painting animals in various colors. |
| C．By taking photos of animals on the farm. |
| D．By hanging clothes folded in animal shapes. |
| A．Daily items. | B．Tourist attractions. |
| C．Random surveys. | D．Childhood adventures. |
| A．Complex and digital. | B．Meaningful and creative. |
| C．Poetic but commercial. | D．Ordinary but bio-friendly. |
| A．Art can give people a second life. |
| B．Artworks are from life yet above life. |
| C．Creation is from intentional observation. |
| D．Cooperation results in adorable artworks. |
【推荐2】Art Literacy Makes the Beauty of Life
Located in the western part of Jiangxi, Yichun is well-known for its art atmosphere. In a way, art, in different forms, gradually opens local students’ eyes to a wider range of beauty, which fosters (培养) their art literacy.
The art museum plays an important role in developing students’ art literacy.
Establishing a closer cooperation relationship between museums and schools is the main concern of the art museum. The staff go to the local schools on a regular basis to help promote art education.
Thoughts lead to action and art communication is an important branch of art studies. The popularity of art makes culture much easier to enter people’s life. Thanks to Yichun Art Museum, we can get close to great works of art and it brings pretty enjoyment of art for us. What’s more, the art literacy helps us explore and discover the beauty of nature and enjoy the beauty of life.
| A．If you are interested in art |
| B．The museum housing masterpieces is well worth a visit |
| C．Yichun Art Museum here is a treasure we should pay attention to |
| D．The art museum attracts volunteers of all ages from all walks of life |
| E．The students benefit a lot from the delicate works of art on exhibition |
| F．It often holds public education events, especially on holidays and vacations |
| G．It is one of the great methods to foster art emotions |
【推荐3】Even though a lot of art galleries and museums are free in the UK, many people seldom visit them for fear that they won’t understand the art on display. They are afraid that other visitors may be more knowledgeable and that everyone else there understands what the artworks mean. But this simply isn’t true. Everyone is equal in front of an artwork and there are no wrong answers.
Modern art can be particularly difficult to understand and appreciate but enjoying an artwork is a natural gift. Do you like it or not? Do you want to find out more or not? It really is that simple.
A very well-respected art historian, Ernst Gombrich believed that a viewer completed the artwork, and that part of an artwork’s meaning came from the person viewing it. So, you see — even if you don’t have an art history degree, there really are no wrong answers, as the viewer is completing the artwork.
But there are things you can do to understand and appreciate art a little bit more. When I look at an artwork, I undertake a visual analysis. I look at the formal elements—color, texture, size. Imagine we’re viewing a painting. I look at the color; I look at the brush strokes; I look at what is being described. If you’re looking at artworks in a gallery, read the wall text at the side of the artwork. If staff are present, ask questions. Ask your fellow visitors what they think. Asking questions is the key to understanding more. But above all, have confidence in front of an artwork. If you are appreciating an artwork, then you are the intended viewer and what you think matters. You are the only critic that counts.
1. According to the text, why do people seldom visit museums?| A．Many art museums are free in the UK. | B．They are not interested in artworks. |
| C．The artworks there are not completed. | D．They aren’t confident in front of artworks. |
| A．Their meanings vary from person to person. |
| B．Asking questions is the key to understanding them. |
| C．It takes an art history degree to appreciate them. |
| D．They need an analysis of color, texture and size. |
| A．A diary. | B．An art magazine. | C．A novel. | D．A science report. |
| A．How to understand art | B．The power of artworks |
| C．The road to modern art | D．How to open an art gallery |
【推荐1】Stories of Art: 1800~1900
About
This series of online lectures is produced by the National Gallery, London, through which you can learn about the art of different periods with Dr Amy Mechowski. Each lecture lasts 2 hours, starting from 5:30 pm
Week1
In this first session, Amy Mechowski will give a brief introduction to this module (模块). Then we will be joined by Dr Susanna Avery-Quash, who will report on the National Gallery's foundation and its development under Charles Eastlake, the first director of the National Gallery, from1855 to 1865.
Week 2
With the realists, represented by Courbet, Millet, and Manet in France and important contributions to social realism by members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (前拉斐尔派) and others in England, direct observation came to the forefront of artistic practice.
Week 3
From their first independent exhibition in 1874, the group of artists known as the impressionists forever changed approaches to painting. Significantly, the works of women artists, who were regarded by their contemporaries as important members of this group, including Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt, came into focus.
Week 4
With the last of the independent exhibitions in 1886 came the debut (首次亮相) of artists for whom the English art critic Roger Fry coined the term “Post-Impressionists” 20 years later,
Booking information
Only one ticket can be booked per account. You will be emailed an E-ticket with instructions on how to access the course via your account. If you are new to the National Gallery, please go to our official website and create your own account, through which all lecture information including weekly handouts and recordings will be provided.
Admission
Standard: £75
A special offer: £70.50 (Special offers are for full-time students.)
1. What will Avery-Quash talk about at the first week's lecture?| A．A brief introduction to the lecture series. |
| B．The life experience of Amy Mechowski. |
| C．Eastlake's paintings exhibited at the gallery |
| D．Eastlake's contribution to the National Gallery. |
| A．Week 1 | B．Week 2. | C．Week3. | D．Week4. |
| A．Being a full-time art student. |
| B．Having attended Dr Amy's lectures before. |
| C．Owning an account of the National Gallery. |
| D．Paying an additional fee for lecture recordings. |
ART & TECHNOLOGY
Think “art”. What comes to your mind? Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights?
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it—literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?
Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughs and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this，they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things.
Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Threedimensional(3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.
The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.
However, the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions⑰ over its overall quality.Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”?
Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist’s death. These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art.
Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?| A．To explain the art. |
| B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To give the background. |
| D．To give a definition. |
| A．To show he is a famous artist. |
| B．To show he is an artist rather than a technician. |
| C．To show art is different from technology. |
| D．To show people express their thoughts through art and technology. |
| A．We have more access to art than ever before. |
| B．People can take part in art creation by some tools. |
| C．Anyone can become an artist at present time. |
| D．We can’t expect where the art-tech combination will go. |
| A．The history of technology and art. |
| B．The relation of technology and art. |
| C．The future of technology and art. |
| D．The examples of technology and art. |
Land Art, which is not necessarily unchangeable, can take a number of forms. For examples, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty（螺旋状防波堤）, made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake. The American artist made a large jetty in a spiral shape which sticks out into the waters of the lake.
Reshaping the landscape is a common characteristic of Land Art, which can be created by moving parts around. People can also add things to the environment to create Land Art, like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty. It is possible to use plants. In all cases, Land Art is immovable.
Land Art is designed to gradually form, change, and eventually decay（衰落）. That’s one of the biggest differences between Land Art and most of the art one sees in the museums. Some works of art can exist only for a few hours or days. Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they develop and decay over time, which is part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artists.
1. What do we know about Robert Smithson?
| A．He is a great creative artist. |
| B．He lives near the Great Salt Lake. |
| C．He made the most famous Land Art. |
| D．He was a pioneer in creating Land Art. |
| A．it shows the extreme beauty of nature |
| B．it develops and decays gradually over time |
| C．it combines the landscapes around completely |
| D．it offers the artists a chance to get close to nature |
| A．Works of Land Art. | B．History of Land Art. |
| C．Changes of Land Art. | D．Introduction of Land Art. |
