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组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 社会 > 社会问题与社会现象
题型：完形填空 难度：0.4 引用次数：271 题号：15366720

Do extroverts (外向者) make better leaders?

There is a general impression that you're better off in the workplace and in life — if you're an extrovert. Understandably, this idea is most likely to be spread by extroverts themselves, who are "_______ and proud".

In what could be _______ news for introverts, a new study has found that extroverts do have the _______ that increases their chances of success. They _______ a distinct advantage in four aspects: emotional; interpersonal; motivational and performance related. Michael Wilmot, the scholar who led the study, _______ that extroversion is closely associated with experiencing positive emotions more regularly. As happy employees are usually more satisfied, they _______ to work harder and are thought to be a better leader as a result. The way the extroverts behave also helps to protect them from stress or negative experiences at work. _______, extroverts enjoy the _______ of others, so they seem to adapt better to different social situations, which is a strong leadership skill.

_______ the research suggests that extroverts have plenty to be positive about, Wilmot says introverts should not be ________. They are not at an unavoidable disadvantage. Why is that? First, few people can be defined ________ as an introvert or extrovert since everyone displays a mixture of behaviors. Secondly, numerous other characteristics ________ workplace success, including cognitive ability, and the ability to ________ negative emotions. There are many jobs, such as computer programming, where having introverted characteristics such as ________ skills or the ability to focus, would be more beneficial than extroverted characteristics such as sociability. If you ________ his view, remember that some of the world's most successful people are introverts. Among them are legendary investor Warren Buffett and Oscar-winning actress Meryl Streep. They all prove the point that you don't have to be extroverts to succeed in life.

1.
A．loudB．slowC．quietD．serious
2.
A．wonderfulB．terribleC．foreignD．fake
3.
A．fortuneB．rightC．courageD．edge
4.
A．discoverB．createC．enjoyD．provide
5.
A．pretendsB．questionsC．arguesD．promises
6.
A．failB．hesitateC．planD．tend
7.
A．HoweverB．BesidesC．ThereforeD．Instead
8.
A．absenceB．respectC．companyD．loyalty
9.
A．WhileB．OnceC．IfD．As
10.
A．distractedB．delightedC．discouragedD．determined
11.
A．hardlyB．purelyC．nearlyD．partly
12.
A．stick toB．object toC．refer toD．contribute to
13.
A．understandB．governC．changeD．deny
14.
A．listeningB．debatingC．actingD．teaching
15.
A．analyzeB．acceptC．supportD．doubt
21-22高二上·重庆·期末 查看更多[2]
更新时间：2022-03-24 15:15:50 |
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【知识点】 社会问题与社会现象 议论文

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社会问题与社会现象议论文
完形填空(约360词) | 较难 (0.4)

【推荐1】If we can prevent great suffering ________ to ourselves, we ought to do so. Yet Western governments are neglecting an opportunity to reduce the great misery caused by mental illness, ________ the net cost would be zero.

The evidence for this________ comes from recent research by a team of economists at the London School of Economics. The team, directed by Richard Layard, drew on data from four major developed countries in which people were asked to ________, on a 0-10 scale, how satisfied they were with their life.

The researchers refer to those in the bottom 10 percent of the population in terms of ________ as being in “misery.” When Layard’s team analyzed the results, they found that the biggest factors affecting misery were all non-economic. Mental health was the biggest predictor of all; it explained twice as much of the difference as ________ or inequality did. Overall, the researchers claim, eliminating depression and anxiety would reduce misery by 20 percent, ________ eliminating poverty would reduce it by just 5 percent. If we want to reduce ________ in the developed world, then mental health is the biggest challenge we need to overcome.

The answer is that people adapt to higher levels of income over time — a phenomenon known as “hedonic (享乐主义) adaptation” — and they compare their income to that of their peers. This gives rise to the so-called Easterlin Paradox, the finding that although richer people are more satisfied with their lives than poorer people, economic growth has often not ________ overall life satisfaction in the developed world. If your neighbor becomes richer, you feel poorer. If both of you become richer, neither of you is likely to be ________ happier. ________, people do not adapt to poor mental health; nor does your neighbor’s misery make you feel better.

Layard and his colleagues asked how much the British government would have to spend to tackle mental health, or poverty. They concluded that mental health would be the cheaper: around 18 times more ________ in reducing misery and promoting happiness than targeting poverty.

Reducing mental illness enables many people to return to ________, thereby reducing the cost of unemployment benefits while increasing tax receipts. Hence Latard and his colleagues supposed that treating mental health would ________ for itself. ________, the U.K government would be able to reduce misery at no cost.

1.
A．in an attemptB．in no timeC．at a disadvantageD．at no cost
2.
A．as thoughB．even thoughC．as long asD．except that
3.
A．counselB．complexityC．claimD．charm
4.
A．indicateB．initiateC．operateD．originate
5.
A．economic factorsB．life satisfactionC．suffering preventionD．misery elimination
6.
A．materualB．genderC．opportunityD．income
7.
A．neverthelessB．insteadC．otherwiseD．whereas
8.
A．povertyB．anxietyC．miseryD．inequality
9.
A．increasedB．decreasedC．influencedD．stabilized
10.
A．temporarilyB．accidentallyC．significantlyD．miserably
11.
A．LikewiseB．In other wordsC．In briefD．In contrast
12.
A．cost-effectiveB．price-sensitiveC．money-consciousD．investment-minded
13.
A．employmentB．normalC．powerD．work
14.
A．payB．accountC．standD．look
15.
A．In caseB．In effectC．In forceD．In vision
2021-10-13更新 | 70次组卷
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完形填空(约270词) | 较难 (0.4)
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了手表在现代社会中的功能变化和市场趋势。作者首先提到自己小时候对父亲给的手表的喜爱，并指出由于现代通讯设备的普及，人们不再需要手表来看时间。然而，高端手表作为奢侈品和投资品，价格高昂且销量不减。文章最后指出，手表本质上是一种满足自我满足和时尚需求的物品，而非真正的投资品。

【推荐2】When I was seven, my father gave me a watch, Timex. It was my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped clicking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t _________ one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these _________ tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty _________; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007. But while the _________ men have realized that they don’t need them, others _________ are spending total fortunes on them. Brands (品牌) such as Rolex and Philippe command shocking _________, up to £250,000 for a piece.

This is _________. These days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra _________ but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your _________ in the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things? If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have __________ when the Japanese discovered how to __________ accurate watches for a five-pound note.

Watches are now categorized as “investments”. A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15,000 to £30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a(n) __________ for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up. But when fashion moves on, the __________ of that £350,000 beauty will __________ find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my __________ Timex.

1.
A．ownB．wearC．chooseD．need
2.
A．devicesB．phonesC．watchesD．friends
3.
A．mindsB．wristsC．bagsD．hands
4.
A．youngB．sensitiveC．proudD．wise
5.
A．regularlyB． apparentlyC．generouslyD．usually
6.
A．pricesB．salariesC．operationsD．applications
7.
A．unexpectedB．fashionableC．sillyD．reasonable
8.
A．functionsB．chargesC．operationsD．applications
9.
A．interestB．directionC．courageD．fortune
10.
A．come upB．brightened upC．closed downD．moved on
11.
A．appreciateB．setC．promoteD．make
12.
A．toyB．memoryC．rewardD．invention
13.
A．designerB．admirerC．producerD．owner
14.
A．originallyB．suddenlyC．particularlyD．constantly
15.
A．pricelessB．pocketC．childhoodD．poor
2024-06-14更新 | 30次组卷
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完形填空(约600词) | 较难 (0.4)
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文章大意：这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么一些绝妙的想法被忽视，并用相关的例子进行说明。

【推荐3】Why some brilliant ideas get overlooked?

In 1928, Karl Jansky, a young radio engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories, began researching static interference that might obscure voice transmissions. Five years later, after building a large rotating antenna (天线) and investigating every possibility he could think of, he published his remarkable ________: some of the static was coming from the Milky Way.

Jansky’s theory was eye-catching enough to be published in The New York Times but scientists were ________. Radio signals from outer space? Surely they were too weak to detect. Jansky’s ideas were largely ________ for about a decade. He died at the age of 44. Thankfully, he lived long enough to see his ideas blossom into field of radio astronomy.

Jansky’s story resonates with us: we all like the idea of the researcher who is so far ahead of their ________ that it takes years for the rest of the world to catch up. Gregor Mendel’s research into plant genetics is a famous example — published in 1866, it was only verified and taken seriously in 1900.

The stories of Jansky and Mendel hold out some hope to anyone who feels that the world has not quite ________ their brilliance. There is even a name for such cases, coined by Anthony van Raan of Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almost no citations for years, before finding wide ________. (Some scholars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recognition”.)

So what is it about an idea that delays recognition? One view is that brilliant ideas are overlooked when delivered by obscure messengers. Jansky and Mendel were somewhat detached from (离开) the scientific ________. In 1970, the sociologist Stephen Cole published an analysis arguing that the obstacle tended to lie in the ________ of the idea itself, rather than the prestige of the scientist behind it. Ideas fell asleep for a hundred years because they were radical, or confusing, or both.

It is difficult to be sure. Two scholars of the field, Eugene Garfield and Wolfgand Glanzel, have argued that such ________ of delayed recognition are so rare as to be hard to analyse. Studying papers published in 1980 from the vantage (优势) point of 2004, they looked for articles that were barely cited for five years, then subsequently ________. They found just 60 examples in 450,000 cases. There are plenty of examples of research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent popularity.

Why, then, is this myth such a compelling one? One explanation, of course, is that we all love a story of the underdog (黑马) who triumphs against ________. Immediate and sustained success is as boring as immediate and sustained failure.

Another is that scientists themselves are fond of the thought that their ideas are ________. In an essay on delayed recognition, Garfield notes mildly that one historian of science, Derek Price, believed one of his own papers was suffering delayed recognition. It is easy to chuckle, but it is also easy to empathise.

Delayed recognition is rare. Much more ________ is for people simply to reach their prime late in life. David Galenson is an economist who studies the creative output of musicians, artists, directors and others. Galenson has found that while it is quite possible to ________ as a radical young conceptual artist, there are many examples of “old masters” whose later works are more admired than their youthful ones.

We all need to be able to hold on to the idea that the best is yet to come. But it is too tempting to hope that what we have already produced will, one day, be recognized for its brilliance. Good things do not come to those who wait, if ________ is all they do. It is wiser to get back to work and make something better.

1.
A．conclusionB．deviceC．inventionD．paper
2.
A．unreliableB．uncomfortableC．unimpressedD．unsatisfactory
3.
A．criticizedB．keptC．ignoredD．inspected
4.
A．missionB．goalC．scheduleD．time
5.
A．caught up withB．had a good command ofC．made good use ofD．taken advantage of
6.
A．attentionB．platformC．spaceD．vision
7.
A．dataB．kingdomC．mainstreamD．proof
8.
A．contentB．originC．popularityD．presence
9.
A．examplesB．lettersC．reportsD．supporters
10.
A．broke offB．paid offC．switched offD．took off
11.
A．the authoritiesB．the oddsC．the oppositeD．the wrong
12.
A．underappreciatedB．underdevelopedC．underequippedD．underperformed
13.
A．challengingB．commonC．complicatedD．difficult
14.
A．break throughB．get throughC．make ends meetD．make sense
15.
A．complainingB．socializingC．thinkingD．waiting
2023-05-23更新 | 275次组卷
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