The Mekong flows through an extremely diverse landscape and surprises once again with its richness of species. But an unbroken construction trend threatens the ecosystem.
In the Mekong area, 110 new species have been discovered in the past two years. The World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) on Thursday called Southeast Asia a true treasure for animals and plants. A turtle with a trunk and a fish named after the river Bruinen in the fantasy classic “Lord of the Rings” were found. According to WWF, a newly found plant reminds people of the eggs in the film “Alien”, from which the Facehugger jump.
The Mekong region, which covers China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia, is a melting pot of biodiversity. But it is in danger. “Massive habitat ruin and huge hydropower plants threaten the treasury,” says Stefan Ziegler of WWF-Germany. “Our goal must be to protect the biologically valuable areas of the Mekong across borders and permanently, as well as to make sustainable use of natural resources.”
Over the past 20 years, more than 2, 500 new species have been discovered in the Mekong region, including numerous mammals and birds. “The combination of mountains, dry forests and wet lands, as well as heavy rainfall and a humid climate, is unique,” says the WWF. Many of the resident species could not be found anywhere else.
However, 150 large and small hydropower plants are planned on the Mekong. “The dams would primarily benefit construction companies and their associated politicians,” said Pou Sothirak, director of the Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, in a recent interview. “They are not interested in the social impact and the damage to the environment.”
1. What is it that makes Mekong in danger?A.Terrible climate. | B.Unique landscape. |
C.Abundant species. | D.Unbroken construction. |
A.To describe the appearance of the plant. |
B.To present the damage to the environment. |
C.To raise the readers' awareness of new species. |
D.To compare the newly found plant with the old one. |
A.Supportive. | B.Interested. | C.Doubtful. | D.Opposed. |
A.A politician. | B.An ecologist. |
C.A company director. | D.A power plant's designer. |
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【推荐1】A Fish and Wildlife Service proposal would protect the whitebark pine as an endangered species. Whitebark pines can live for up to 1,000 years and grow at elevations (海拔) as high as 12,000 feet. Environmentalists had requested the government in 1991 and again in 2008 to protect the trees. A nonnative fungus (真菌) has been killing whitebark pines for a century. More recently, the trees have proved vulnerable (易受伤的) to tiny insects that have killed large areas of forest.
The whitebark pines have almost disappeared in some areas, including the eastern edge of Yellowstone National Park, where they are a source of food for threatened grizzly bears (灰熊). This makes the government’s declaration of the Yellowstone area’s grizzly bears as a restored species a lie.
After being blamed for not taking steps to protect the trees, wildlife officials in 2011 admitted that whitebark pines needed protection, but they didn’t act rapidly, saying other species faced more immediate threats.
A lawyer for the Natural Resources Defense Council, which made the formal request for protection in 2008, expressed his disappointment that it took so long but said the proposal was still worth celebrating.
The government’s proposal described the threats to the trees as immediate and said the whitebark pines were one of many plants expected to be harmed as climate change moves faster than they can adapt. “Whitebark pines survive at high elevations already, so there is little remaining habitat in many areas for the species to move to higher elevations in response to warmer temperatures,” Fish and Wildlife Service officials wrote.
Government officials are working with researchers and private groups on plans to gather seed from trees, grow them in greenhouses and then plant them back on the landscape, according to Fish and Wildlife Service biologist Amy Nicholas. A proposal of that nationwide restoration is expected by the end of this year. “We do have options to restore this species,” Nicholas said.
1. What do we know about whitebark pines?A.They are long-lived, high-elevation trees. |
B.They have a strong resistance to nonnative fungi. |
C.The government used to care about protecting them. |
D.They and small insects depend on each other for survival. |
A.Grizzly bears are no longer threatened. |
B.The whitebark pines have almost disappeared. |
C.The population of grizzly bears has increased greatly. |
D.The government is actually doing nothing to protect bears. |
A.Better late than never. | B.All roads lead to Rome. |
C.Never do things by halves. | D.The first step is the hardest. |
A.Irresponsible. | B.Doubtful. | C.Optimistic. | D.Uncertain. |
【推荐2】As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted rubbish. So we did a survey among the students in our school. Here are the results of our questionnaire (问卷).
The results of the questionnaire
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/11/9/3364421449646080/3364863010070528/STEM/c072c00ab73441d0b2f483a6745c7d32.png?resizew=443)
1. The survey is mainly about ______.
A.scientific research | B.environmental protection |
C.everyday habits | D.physical education |
A.All of the students | B.Most of the students |
C.Some of the students | D.None of the students |
A.Five kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the questionnaire. |
B.The students don’t realize the situation of the environment at all. |
C.Most students take enough action to sort rubbish. |
D.Air pollution is noticed by a large number of students. |
【推荐3】The area in front of Janet and Jeffrey Crouch’s house in Columbia, Maryland, does not look usual for their neighbourhood. That is because the Crouches do not have a grass lawn(草坪). Instead, they have some small trees and many native plants.
In recent years, support for replacing lawns with native plants has been increasing in the US. It can be costly to keep a lawn looking good and green. But the Crouches had to spend much more money for the right not to have one.
People living in a house next to them complained to their homeowner’s association, or HOA. HOAs can make rules about the plants that homeowners in a neighbourhood are permitted to grow. Many HOAs require grass lawns. The HOA ordered the Crouches to pull out their native plants and put in grass. However, they refused. “We knew we were doing things that were beneficial for the environment, ” said Janet Crouch.
Lawns are called environmental dead zones in part because they provide no food or shelter for wildlife. They also do not support pollinators like birds, bees, and butterflies. Bee populations have been getting smaller in North America and may be getting smaller around the world.
There are other reasons that lawns are bad for the environment. They require a lot of water and chemicals. Large amounts of water can remove nutrients from the soil. After the water removes the nutrients, people buy even more chemicals to put on their lawns. Scientists say some of these chemicals might cause cancer and other health problems. There are over 16million hectares of grass lawns in the US. That means lawns use more water than any other irrigated(灌溉)crop in the country.
The Crouches’ battle against their HOA took three years. They say they spent $60, 000 fighting to keep their natural garden. They won. Because of their efforts, the state of Maryland passed a law that lets people grow native plants instead of grass, no matter what their HOA wants.
1. Which is one of HOA’s responsibilities?A.Developing and interpreting all relevant laws. |
B.Protecting the balance of nature in the community. |
C.Maintaining a unified greenery within the community. |
D.Dealing with all the requirements of residents. |
A.To attract people’s attention. |
B.To improve the neighbourhood relations. |
C.To save on the cost of lawn maintenance. |
D.To better improve the ecological environment. |
A.Lawns are suitable for bee reproduction. |
B.Local plants are environmentally friendly. |
C.Local plants can prevent soil and water pollution. |
D.Lawns are beneficial for soil and water conservation. |
A.Determined. | B.Humorous. | C.Brave. | D.Careful. |
【推荐1】Opening a good book can take you on an adventure but sometimes, it’s not what’s on the pages, but what’s been left in them is the most exciting part for Sharon McKellar, a librarian at the Oakland Public Library. She has been collecting mementos left in the library for years. Now. she’s finally found a use for all those old family photos, notes, coupons recipes and concert tickets she’s collected in books over the years.
McKellar started the “Found in a Library Book” project — an online database of all the things found in books at the library. “It started out as my personal collection, but I put out a call to other library staff, just to see if anybody had anything they’d be willing to share, and was just totally inundated with other people’s little collections of all sorts of things they had found,” McKellar told CBS News.
McKellar has added 370 mementos to the library’s online collection -but she said she had a couple hundred more to upload. Many of the mementos are notes and some are book reviews left behind for the next reader: “I loved this book. It stole my heart and made me cry. When you find tear stains, you will know they are mine.”
McKellar said that while the origins of the forgotten mementos remain a mystery, some people have recognized items on the online database, “One person named Susan reached out because one of the love notes looked like her parents’ handwriting and the kind of notes they used to leave each other,” she said.
The project is fairly new, but McKellar hopes it inspires people to dive into books at their local library, “You never know what you’ll find. You just have a sense of shared space in community.” McKellar said. “I think part of why people are especially excited about that right now is we have obviously been in a fast-paced society. So, it is a way to sort of feel a connection with people who you don’t even know through these forgotten objects.”
1. What does the underlined word “mementos” refer to in paragraph 1?A.The adventure stories. | B.The forgotten memories. |
C.The items found in books. | D.The well-designed pages. |
A.To raise money for her project. | B.To investigate their commitment. |
C.To launch a lost-and-found project. | D.To enrich the database of her collection. |
A.The project aims to find lost relatives. |
B.Inspiring love stories impress people a lot. |
C.The origins of the mementos remain mysterious. |
D.The experience adds to the emotional appeal of the project. |
A.It helps people find lost objects. | B.It inspires people to read widely. |
C.It offers a community-based link. | D.It brings local libraries back to life. |
【推荐2】The researchers found that more than half of the decline in the Colorado River’s flow is connected to increasing temperatures, and as warming continues, they say the risk of “severe water shortages” for the millions that rely on it is expected to-grow.
The study also examined the impact that action to control pollution of heat-trapping gases could have on the river’s water supply. Some decrease in the flow is likely no matter what actions are taken, but without any cuts to emissions, the river’s discharge(流量)could shrink by between 19% and 31% by the middle of this century.
The Colorado River starts high in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. On its route, this river supplies major cities like Denver, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and San Diego, as well as farms in the US and Mexico that grow the vegetables that feed, millions around the world. It supports around $1 trillion of economic activity each year.
Global warming is reducing the snowpack that feeds the river. As temperatures increase, snow cover in the region is declining, meaning less energy from the sun is reflected back into space and more warms the ground as heat. The river’s flow has also been cut down by a severe drought during the last two decades, leaving its two main reservoirs-Lake Powell and Lake Mead -barely half full.
Udall, a senior climate scientist at Colorado State University, says these new findings show that the only way to save the river is by addressing the root cause of the problem: climate change. “The science is crystal clear we must reduce greenhouse gas emissions immediately,” he says. “We now have the technologies, the policies and favorable economics to accomplish greenhouse gas reductions. What we lack is the will.”
1. With cutting emissions, the river flow would reduce by ______.A.less than 19% | B.about 30% |
C.over 19% | D.between 19% and 31% |
A.It is a long river. | B.It is very important. |
C.It makes adequate electricity. | D.It flows through more than two countries. |
A.The weather becomes drier. | B.The river gets more water. |
C.The ground gets more heat. | D.Droughts break out frequently. |
A.Lack of will. | B.Lack of cooperation. |
C.Backward economy. | D.Technology unavoidable |
【推荐3】When I was small, my grandmother died. I was so sad that l had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying.
So it came as no surprise to learn that scientists believe crying and laughing come frome the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.
Whatever it takes for us to release pressure is important to our emotional health, and a study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.
Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure and heart problems. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural and healthy-emotional response.
1. Why did the father try to cheer his daughter up?A.Because she was crying. |
B.Because she never had tears. |
C.Because she was very sad. |
A.提高 | B.释放 | C.保持 |
A.Women cry more than men. |
B.When you cry, people will care about you more. |
C.Laughing has many health disadvantages. |
A.head problems |
B.blood pressure problems |
C.heart problems |
A.How to Keep Healthy | B.Why We Cry | C.Power of Tears |