“Let’s go outside and water the plants,” urged Fiona, my energetic 4-year-old granddaughter, during a recent visit from Maryland to my New Jersey home.
Fiona and I filled our watering cans. Out we went and I walked directly to the newly-planted begonias (秋海棠). “No, Granny, what about the grass and that tree?” Fiona insisted, pointing to the sycamore tree (悬铃木) that decorated a patch of earth between the sidewalk and the street, typically cared for by the town.
Through Fiona’s eyes, the begonias, the grass and the tree were all equal in nature’s esteem, all worthy of attention and care. At first, I didn’t want to deny my red begonias preferential treatment. I thought that the rain or the town would tend to the grass and the tree.
Even so, I turned and joined in Fiona’s universal watering party. Thanks to Fiona, I saw how the grass and the sycamore tree could assume their rightful place, equal to the begonias. I wondered if I sincerely accept all of nature and all people with an open mind and heart. My time with Fiona inspired me to doubt myself since I couldn’t even apply my equalitarian beliefs to a tree, grass and flowers.
I paused and reflected on unspoken prejudice, the tendency for stereotyped (模式化的) thoughts to pass automatically through our minds. Studies on unspoken prejudice show that sorting people, nature and objects into categories is a natural phenomenon. Rarely do we question it. Instead, we may assume, quite wrongly, that some people are less worthy, less valuable or, worse, hateful and dangerous.
1. What did Fiona want the author to do when they were out?A.Clean a patch of earth for the town. |
B.Tell her more about the sycamore tree. |
C.Water the begonias, the grass and the sycamore tree. |
D.Help make the sidewalk and the street more attractive. |
A.Supportive. | B.Curious. |
C.Uncertain. | D.Uninterested. |
A.They received the same attention and care. |
B.They were found in Maryland by Fiona. |
C.They were all close to the neighborhood. |
D.They were all typically cared for by the town. |
A.It is what fools use for reason. | B.It pushes people to think about what goes wrong. |
C.It is the original form of prejudice. | D.It often leads to unfairness. |
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【推荐1】Even now, I have vivid memories of my last day of high school. In my mind’s eye, I’m cleaning out my locker, and then staring at the emptiness for a few extra beats before slamming it shut for the last time. I’m roaming the halls with my best friend, blissfully ignoring the bells going off every 50 minutes on schedule because, just today, we’re allowed to break the rules. I’m sitting on my desk, swinging my feet, and shooting the breeze (闲聊) with my English teacher, Mr. Carr, in a way that makes me feel almost grown up.
It was maybe my favorite day of the whole year. Like the final layer of watercolor, the freedom and lightness I feel seeps (渗透) into the rest of my memories of that day and turns them just a shade rosier.
If the school year hasn’t yet ended for you, consider what you can do to make the finale count. Why? Because when it comes to human memory, not all moments are created equal. Instead, our remembered experiences are disproportionately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks(the best moments as well as the worst)and endings (the last moments). Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, who discovered this phenomenon, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that our judgment of a past experience is largely based on its most extreme point and its endpoint.
I took advantage of the peak-end rule years ago, when my girls were young enough to want a bedtime story each night. I remember thinking that whatever strife (冲突) and stress had occurred that day, I could make the last moments count. I could end on a note of calm and act like the patient mom I hadn’t quite managed to be just hours before.
Don’t mistake all moments as equal in significance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do orchestrate (精心安排) endings. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting.
1. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean?A.Calmly. | B.Surprisingly. |
C.Happily. | D.Curiously. |
A.Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings. |
B.The last moments matter the most in our memories. |
C.Our judgment of the past is determined by first impressions. |
D.The peaks and ends of experiences are easier to remember. |
A.How the author applied the rule to daily life. |
B.How the author treated her daughters. |
C.What struggles the author had in life. |
D.Why the author read stories to her kids. |
A.To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. |
B.To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. |
C.To explain why last impressions are lasting. |
D.To show the importance of doing sports. |
【推荐2】A tsunami (海啸)was coming when we landed in Tokyo. Not a natural tsunami, but a family one. My husband, my two stepkids and I arrived tired by our lack of sleep on the flight, and my stepdaughter and I were still not speaking after an argument from the day before. To add to our troubles, a public holiday meant there was nowhere open for breakfast. There we were, together 24/7 for the next two weeks.
My stepson, 11 years old and always attached to his iPhone is shy. Meanwhile, my 14﹣year﹣old stepdaughter never says thank you.
Yet, over the course of the holiday, the kids found their rhythm.
On our last night in Tokyo, we found our way to a local restaurant. Sitting at a small corner table, surrounded by locals after a hard day?s work》 we enjoyed some beautiful Japanese food. Finally, after 10 long days of trying to find a rhythm that suited us all, we talked.
For once, bonding replaced eye﹣rolling and, instead of the usual one﹣word reports after a day at school, our conversation was filled with warmth and love as we shared our favorite vacation experiences.
There was the moment when my stepson joined locals as they washed their hands and faces at a well,to cleanse themselves before burning incense (焚香)at a temple.Or the time when my stepdaughter chased deer in a park so she could feed them. And the time when we walked through a maze of market stalls and laneways to find what we thought was a simple noodle restaurant, only to be greeted by a charming garden filled with locals sharing a meal.
As we walked away from our dinner, darkness fell. The stone lanterns gradually came to life,and I whispered,for the first time in a long time,"Thank you, "
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A.The family doesn't like Japanese food. |
B.The family didn't sleep well in the hotel. |
C.The author wasn't expecting a relaxing holiday. |
D.A tsunami happened when the family got to Japan. |
A.became friendly and peaceful |
B.made many friends with local people |
C.tested their parents in different ways |
D.encouraged each other to be confident |
A.They were too tired to speak. |
B.They had a good conversation. |
C.They sat quietly while they ate. |
D.The kids seemed very impatient. |
A.Puzzled. |
B.Hopeful. |
C.Exhausted. |
D.Grateful. |
People will compete over anything. Every Christmas, my neighbors and I have a little Christmas light competition. It is heaven for the electric company, but I think we give Will Rogers Airport a scare. It is bright enough to land a plane in our front yards. I admit that last year my neighbors won, but only because they bought every strand of lights Wal-Mart had before I could get there.
Personal competitions are great, but we get a little carried away. I cannot stand to see coaches shout at kids playing sports. Who cares if someone messes up and the other team advances?
I’m tired of people competing just to win. It happens not only in sports, but in music competitions, too. People auditioning(试音)for chair placement in certain bands can get really unfriendly. This year I did not audition for a certain band, but I went to auditions anyway. This was the first time I actually had the opportunity to comprehend the whole picture.
Other times I’ve been the person who was nervous and anxious. This time, I sat back and observed everyone else. I came to the realization that the people who aren’t so good are terrified of the good people, and the good people are scared stiff that the bad people have taken lessons and can now show them up. Unless a person is on the outside looking in, I don’t think anyone realizes this.
Maybe competing is human nature, but we shouldn’t let it influence our judgment. Being disrespectful to opponents(对手), letting competition become our life, and becoming so involved that we close ourselves off from friends and family is not the meaning of competition.
A little competition is healthy, so it shouldn’t hurt anyone. If it does, someone somewhere needs to back off, find the good thing hidden inside, and try it again. Winning isn’t everything, and losing isn’t the end of the world.
1. The author mentions his competition with his neighbors to __________.
A.make excuses for his failure |
B.express his concern about the airport |
C.imply his neighbor cheated in the competition |
D.show people really care about the result of competition |
A.the rules of competition |
B.competitors’ effort to win |
C.the influence of competition on life |
D.the negative attitude to competition |
A.the author failed the audition |
B.competitors may be unfriendly to each other |
C.it is coaches who always mess up the match |
D.those who observe opponents calmly always win |
A.Competition for the job is fierce. |
B.Winning or losing is none of people’s concern. |
C.Competition is healthy, but it can get out of hand. |
D.The disadvantages of competition outweigh the benefits. |
【推荐1】Playing video interactive games, and later computer games, has been a big part of people’s lives ever since the birth of Pong and gaming consoles (游戏机) in the early 1970s. But games have progressed steadily since those early days. Now online games are being played worldwide by people of all ages.
While many people tend to think of gamers as people who sit alone on their couches and anonymous to other players, the opposite is actually true according to the BBC. With the rise in popularity of games, people, especially for those in Generation Z, have built communities and friendships with their fellow players. These connections have become a social lifeline during these times of social distancing and lockdowns (活动限制).
While TV and Netflix help people pass the time, there is no interaction between people like the ones found in gaming and the amount of time people play has seriously increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情). In fact, in the US, gamers are now playing an average of 6 hours and 46 minutes weekly. And the numbers keep going up.
Twitch, which is owned by Amazon, where people can watch other people play videogames in real time webcasts and can chat with other viewers, actually clocked 5 billion hours of viewed content in the second quarter of 2020. That was an 83 percent increase from 2019 and a new record. But this increase in gaming is about much more than just entertainment. “This isn’t just out of boredom but an inner desire to be social. New gaming capabilities allow people to communicate with one another virtually,” said Nigel Burmeister, vice president of Limelight Networks. That’s because humans are naturally social and human contacts are necessary for our mental health.
Rosemary “Nekkra” Kelley, a 25-year-old gamer, told USA Today that she’s spending a lot more time playing games because her work has been curtailed due to the cancellation of live events. In her extra time, she has been playing Pokémon Sword and Animal Crossings on her Nintendo Switch.
1. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 2?A.Gamers appear to be lonely. |
B.Gamers take friendship seriously. |
C.Playing games benefits players. |
D.Some gamers hate social interaction. |
A.It causes people to waste time. |
B.Its content holds little attraction. |
C.It lacks newly-developed games. |
D.It gives people no chance to interact. |
A.To state what research he takes up. |
B.To analyze why Twitch is popular. |
C.To make people aware of their nature. |
D.To encourage people to interact with one another. |
A.Shortened. | B.Simplified. | C.Adapted. | D.Influenced. |
【推荐2】Miss Marquis was my mentor (导师) when I was 12 and she’s my mentor now as a teacher.
My family moved to the UK from Saudi Arabia in 2017. When I started school there, I didn’t have a great understanding of the English language. Thankfully, I had an amazing teacher called Miss Marquis who helped me get through it. She pushed me all the way and gave me the right guidance.
During my teacher training with ARK, I was given a place at Globe Academy in London as a math teacher. When I saw the head of the English department was Miss Marquis, my jaw (下巴) dropped. It was unbelievable.
I still can’t call her by her first name. The respect I have for her is still there. In one of the lessons I observed she was reading the same book we used in our GCSEs and it took me back to the days when I was being taught by her. You knew you could go to her and share your problems. At the same time, you would never mess about in her lesson. Misbehaving was simply not done.
My aim as a teacher is affected by her. Teaching is about the mark you make on other people’s lives. I’ve worked in a few different schools during my training but I chose ARK because it gives opportunities to children who may not be from wealthy backgrounds. I am trying to have an impact on these people.
It doesn’t matter how many books you read, and nothing can prepare you for your first lesson. I have read all the theories about how to manage behavior but a lot of them just go out of my head when I walk into the classroom because they’re not robots. They’re all unique individuals and you can’t control them. You need to put the work in and build relationships with the students.
1. When did the author get to know Miss Marquis?A.When he began school in a totally new place. |
B.When he worked as a guide at an English school. |
C.When he experienced difficult situations in ARK. |
D.When he arrived in Saudi Arabia with his family. |
A.Embarrassed. | B.Puzzled. | C.Amused. | D.Shocked. |
A.Cold and selfish. | B.Kind but strict. |
C.Gentle but careless. | D.Energetic and friendly. |
A.To be devoted to his/her teaching career. |
B.To be equipped with enough knowledge. |
C.To respect and encourage his/her students. |
D.To be well prepared for his/her first lesson. |
【推荐3】That two bicycle salesmen were the first people to fly is as surprising today as it was over a century ago. In 1903 , the Wright brothers flew above the crowd at a public exhibition in the United States. For a long period, the whole world was still in shock.
The Wrights’ success is worth reviewing today because it challenges the 21st century's belief that, for young engineers, courses in arts and humanities are not as important as math and science. In fact, however, neither of the Wright brothers went to college or had any formal technical training.
To see what we can learn from the Wright brothers today, we must consider what made them different then. The Wright brothers grew up in a family where there was always encouragement on curiosity. The bookshelves in their home were filled with novels, poetry, and ancient history. The Wrights’parents had great curiosity for learning. They encouraged their children to read widely and find out the truth on their own. In their late 20s , the Wrights began reading books on the movement of bird wings , which led to their original air-control system.
The Wright brothers often compared themselves to artists because their invention had a lot to do with arts. For example, the art of flying was actually a complicated dance between man, machine and air, which required thousands of hours of practice to perfect. Technical skills and math were certainly necessary to build the machine, but much of the challenge lay in the art of flying in order to have beautiful lines during flight and landing.
If today’s schools hope to have more extraordinary engineers, they should broaden the limited academic requirements and encourage students to be curious about different subjects as the Wright brothers did.
1. What was peopled attitude to the Wright brothers, flight in Paragraph 1?A.They were eager to fly. | B.They wondered its safety. |
C.They were shocked at it. | D.They doubted if it was true. |
A.Formal technical training. | B.Research on birds' movement. |
C.Math and science in college. | D.Curiosity about finding the truth. |
A.To abandon academic requirements on learning. |
B.To encourage students to be artists and engineers. |
C.To broaden students’ knowledge about the Wright brothers. |
D.To be supportive to students' curiosity on different courses. |
【推荐1】Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs.
Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought!
Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired.
I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone.
1. The author mentions coconuts’ falling to ________ .A.show his loneliness | B.add beauty to the jungle |
C.express his love of nature | D.stress the absolute silence |
A.He admired its attitude toward work. |
B.He was amazed at its tireless efforts. |
C.He showed sympathy for the little ant. |
D.He was content to have it as a companion. |
A.make his way home | B.stay in the valley |
C.work harder than before | D.talk to the man on the horse |
【推荐2】Ranjan and Summer were good friends. They went to the same school and were in the same class.
Ranjan was not strong. He could not play football or other games with boys of his age. All that he did was to watch Summer and other boys play. He usually went with them to the playground. When they ran off to play, he would sit under a tree and read storybooks. Books became his best friends. The reading made him successful in all the exams. He always stood first in the class.
Summer was tall and strong. He spent most of his time running, swimming or riding bicycles. He was an extremely good player in every game. He was a member of the school’s football team and cricket team. The PE teacher thought he would make it big in the game when he grew up.
One day, the two friends went for a walk. Ranjan got tired soon. “I have no strength. What is the use of all this knowledge if I am not healthy? I would give away all my knowledge if I could be half as healthy and strong as you,” said Ranjan.
Summer was surprised and replied, “So you are not happy with yourself too? I always wished I could have done as well as you did in the studies. I even thought I could have given away my sporting skills for better grades in those exams.” The two friends looked at each other and cried out at the same time. “The grass looks greener on the other side of the hill.”
1. What did Ranjan usually do when he went to the playground with Summer?A.He studied for the exams. |
B.He played with his friend. |
C.He read his favorite books. |
D.He took care of the clothes. |
A.Summer was very tall. |
B.Summer was very strong. |
C.Summer was good at doing sports. |
D.Summer spent a lot of time playing sports. |
A.Ranjan was proud of his knowledge. |
B.Summer was unhappy with his studies. |
C.Summer could do as well as Ranjan did in the studies. |
D.Ranjan and Summer decided to learn from each other. |
A.Practice makes perfect. |
B.Nobody knows his own advantages. |
C.Grass usually appears greener in faraway places. |
D.We always want something better and feel unhappy. |
【推荐3】Martha had been working for Miller Laboratories for two years, but she was not happy there. Nothing significant had happened in the way of promotions or salary increases. Martha felt that her supervisor, a younger and less experienced person than she, did not like her. In fact, the supervisor often said unpleasant things to her.
One day, while talking with her friend Maria, she mentioned how discouraged she was. Maria gave her the name of a cousin of hers who was director of Human Resources Department for a large chemical company. Martha called him the next day and set up an interview on her lunch hour.
During the interview, Mr. Petri said, “You’re just the kind of person we need here. You’re being wasted in your other job. Give me a call in a day or two. I’m sure we can find a place for you in our organization.” Martha was so happy she almost danced out of the building.
That afternoon, Ruth Kenny, her supervisor, saw that Martha had come in ten minutes late from her lunch hour and she said, “Oh, so you finally decided to come back to work today?”
This was the last straw. She could not take another insult. Besides, Mr. Petri was right: she was being wasted in this job.
“Look,” she said angrily, “if you don’t like the way I work, I don’t need to stay here. I’ll go where I’m appreciated! Good-bye!” She took up her things and stormed out of the office.
That night she called Maria and told her what had happened and then asked Maria, “What do you think?”
“Well,” said Maria carefully, “are you sure about the other job?”
“Well, not exactly, but…”
Maria continued, “Will you be able to get a recommendation from Ms. Kenny if you need one?”
“A recommendation?… from Ms. Kenny?” hesitated Martha, in a worried tone.
“Martha, I hope you didn’t burn your bridges.” Maria said. “I think I would have handled it differently.”
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.At her supervisor’s criticism, Martha lost her temper. |
B.Mr. Petri felt Martha was not valued in her present job. |
C.Martha’s interview with the director was on her lunch hour. |
D.Martha got the name of the director through her cousin. |
A.the last opportunity | B.the straw that saves Martha’s life |
C.the last reminder | D.the final unpleasant thing |
A.Martha has handled the matter properly. |
B.Martha shouldn’t have set the bridge on fire. |
C.Martha should have found a new job before leaving. |
D.Martha shouldn’t have lost her temper with her supervisor. |