An American woman Anna Jarvis was the first person to decide that mothers should have a holiday in their honor each year. Miss Jarvis started her campaign in 1906 in her home city Philadelphia. She wrote thousands of letters to congressmen (国会议员),city officials, teachers and newspaper publishers, suggesting an official holiday for mothers. She traveled all over America, trying to get support for the idea.
In 1914 the Congress declared (宣布) the second Sunday in May each year as Mother’s Day. Anna Jarvis wanted Mother’s Day to be a simple event. She thought children could honor their mothers by spending some time with them as an act of love and respect. However, the holiday turned out to be a major event for department stores, flower shops and greeting card industry, which Miss Jarvis didn’t like.
Americans spend millions of dollars on gifts for their mothers on this day. Younger children often try to prepare and serve breakfast for their mothers. Fathers may offer to take care of children so that mothers can enjoy themselves. The holiday becomes an important time for family gathering.
1. Miss Jarvis ________ .A.was the first British woman to suggest Mother’s Day |
B.declared the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day |
C.kept writing letters to get support for her idea of having an official holiday for mothers |
D.kept writing letters to persuade people to love and respect their mother |
A.offering them expensive gifts | B.spending some time with them |
C.eating in restaurants together | D.taking care of children for them |
A.are closed | B.have fewer customers |
C.only have women customers | D.are full of people |
A.the way people spend Mother’s Day | B.flower shops |
C.greeting-card industry | D.department stores |
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【推荐1】New Year’s Food Around the World
Hoppin' John, American South
A major New Year's food tradition in the American South, Hoppin' John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas (symbolizing coins) and rice, frequently served with collards or other cooked greens (as they're the color of money) and cornbread (the color of gold). The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.
Different folklore traces the history and the name of this meal, but the current dish has its roots in African and West Indian traditions and was most likely brought over by slaves to North America. A recipe for Hoppin' John appears as early as 1847 in Sarah Rutledge's "The Carolina Housewife" and has been reinterpreted over the centuries by home and professional chefs.
The dish reportedly got its name in Charleston, South Carolina, and it is a veritable staple of Lowcountry cooking.
Twelve grapes, Spain
The people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where revelers gather in front of the square's clock tower to ring in the New Year.
Those out in the square and those watching at home partake in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even prep their grapes -- peeling and seeding them -- to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when midnight comes.
The custom began at the turn of the 20th century and was purportedly thought up by grape producers in the southern part of the country with a bumper crop. Since then, the tradition has spread to many Spanish-speaking nations.
Soba noodles, Japan
In Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at midnight on New Year's Eve to bid farewell to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.
In another custom called mochitsuki, friends and family spend the day before New Year's pounding mochi rice cakes. Sweet, glutinous rice is washed, soaked, steamed and pounded into a smooth mass. Then guests take turns pinching off pieces to make into small buns that are later eaten for dessert.
1. Which city may you travel to if you want to taste fruits on New Year’s Eve?A.Savannah |
B.Rio de Janeiro |
C.Madrid |
D.Sapporo |
A.They symbolize people’s hope for the upcoming year. |
B.All of them are not eaten at midnight on New Year’s Eve. |
C.They reflect the values of a nation to a certain degree. |
D.They had their origin in the countryside. |
A.Food and Health |
B.Famous Cuisine |
C.Global Culture |
D.Delicacy Hunt |
【推荐2】The Best Things to Do in London This September
Documentary Festival
Time: 7〜13 September
Documentary Festival is a celebration of non-fiction cinemas in London, organised in cooperation with UCL(University College London). Confirmed for the programme so far is a film about Minamata, a small Japanese town where mercury(汞)was dumped into the sea, as well as talks, masterclasses, book launches and more.
London Podcast Festival
Time: 8〜18 September
Headphones are ready for London Podcast Festival at Kings Place, which sees both mainstream and niche podcasts (小众播客)filmed in front of a live audience, with some of the recordings played online too. The Guilty Feminist and the Empire Film Podcast are some of the big-name shows, along with offerings on comedy, food, politics and more.
London Design Festival
Time: 17〜25 September
The 20th anniversary edition of London Design Festival showcases London as the design capital of the world. At time of writing, the programme has not yet been announced, but it is clear that students can get a 50 percent discount on tickets. Let’s expect the usual mixture of displays and exhibitions, talks and more.
Unlimited Festival
Time: 7〜11 September
Southbank Centre shines a light on disabled artists and companies with Unlimited Festival. The five-day programme covers dance, performance, comedy, music and visual arts, including BSL (British Sign Language) performances, and a street art project designed for users of wheels. Some events are free.
1. Which festival lasts the longest?A.Documentary Festival. | B.London Podcast Festival. |
C.London Design Festival. | D.Unlimited Festival. |
A.A discount on tickets. | B.Art classes on the Internet. |
C.A writing lesson. | D.A chance to meet their favorite dancers. |
A.It is held in cooperation with UCL. |
B.All of its events are free of charge. |
C.It includes many wonderful exhibitions. |
D.It mainly focuses on the disabled. |
【推荐3】“We don’t mind using GPS,” says our Aboriginal guide Baamba in his Australian accent, as he looks out across the wilderness which belongs to his tribe. The red ground ahead is covered with bushes and trees. Although it’s early, it’s already 30 degrees in the shade. It’s a difficult hike, but Baamba is a sensible guide: he always carries a satellite phone in his backpack in case of emergencies. His ancestors, however, relied on songs.
The early Australian Aborigines made the land navigable (可航行的) through songs, dance and paintings. The songs described pathways or “songlines”, which provided an oral “map” of the land. They showed people where to find a water hole, where there was a river and where they could hunt. Generations of Aboriginals followed these pathways, leaving clear marks and carvings on rocks and trees to help future travelers. “But the songs describe more than a pathway,” explains Baamba. “They also tell stories about how the world was created.” According to Aboriginal stories, the world was created, when giant beings, part human, part animal, came down from the sky. From across the sea and from deep in the earth.
One of the many sacred sites called Arkaroo Rock was mentioned in the songs and stories about the land. These songs and stories show the close relationship between the native people and their environment, how they saw themselves as part of nature rather than master of it, and how their way of life resulted in a valuable knowledge of their land. It was a way of life with more than 2,000 generations. It was a way of life that was safe from invasion and influence until 1788.
____________ Sadly, this destroyed their ancient way of life, and many Aboriginal songlines were lost. Today, people like Baamba are trying to restore this heritage and preserve it.
It’s late now and Baamba is waiting outside Arkaroo Rock. Inside, we’re admiring the beautiful cave paintings, but as soon as we have taken some photos, we leave. Dark clouds are visible on the horizon—there are already flashes of lightning and thunder in the distance. As we drive away, the wind blows through the trees, and we can almost hear the voices of those first Australians, singing the songs of their ancestors, and following the songlines.
1. Why does the writer mention Baamba’s ancestors’ songs in paragraph 1?A.To promote these songs, special culture. | B.To draw readers’ attention to the theme. |
C.To show off the old but advanced songs. | D.To advertise the place’s tourist attractions. |
A.Songlines were printed maps of die land. |
B.Sonlines were mainly used to help hunters. |
C.Songlines were a symbol of bravery of the Aborigines. |
D.Songlines played a key role in finding people’s way around. |
A.Songlines were negatively influenced by strange tourists. |
B.The Aborigines experienced a terrible natural disaster in 1788. |
C.The Aborigines celebrated their victories for defeating the enemy. |
D.Foreigners’ invasion since 1788 resulted in the natives’ life destroyed. |
A.Guidelines. | B.Songlines. | C.Exploration. | D.Tradition. |
【推荐1】It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners ,but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.
Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the road man ship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
1. The passage mainly talks about .A.Road politeness | B.Traffic jams | C.Good manners | D.Modern drivers |
A.great speed | B.traffic jams | C.terrible road conditions | D.the behavior of the drivers |
A.beat back when forced to face rude driving |
B.be able to recognize politeness when he sees it |
C.join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel |
D.encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to |
A.master roadman ship |
B.create atmosphere of good will |
C.encourage old ladies to cross the road |
D.give a friendly nod to show politeness |
【推荐2】New rules and behavior standards (行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. Middle Schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework. That’s not something an honest student should do.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them.
Be open to new ideas. Don’t look down on (轻视) new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas may make life better.
Protect yourself. Safety is important. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your study, but not all the things on the Internet are suitable for students. So try to look through websites that are good for you.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage?A.Take care of yourself. |
B.Tell the truth. |
C.Protect the environment. |
D.Use the Internet properly. |
A.be a waste of time | B.make life easier |
C.do housework for them | D.help them with their studies |
A.decide top students | B.do more at school |
C.care for others | D.use the Internet |
During the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠肺炎疫情), many people feel lonely and bored. “There is a loneliness epidemic (流行病),” said John Dattilo from Pennsylvania State University, US.
So he, together with an international team of researchers, studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.
According to their new study, reduced loneliness has something to do with doing enjoyable activities that require both attention and skill.
“When people pay all their attention to what they are doing, they enter a state called ‘flow’,” Dattilo explained. “Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that require us to focus fully to use our skills.”
To achieve a state of flow, there must be a balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level. For example, if you’re trying to create a new computer program but your skill level is low, then you’re possible to feel stressed instead of achieving “flow”. But if the task is too easy, then you will feel bored and “flow” will not appear, either.
If you have artistic skills, for example, playing the piano or painting can lead to flow. So can things like skiing, writing and storytelling, depending on who you are.
“When we enter a state of flow, we become attentive and focused, and we experience short enjoyment,” Dattilo said. “When we leave a state of flow, we are often surprised by how much time has passed.”
However, watching television usually doesn’t help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren’t any challenges.
“People become and continue to be strong on healthy activities and challenge,” said Dattilo. “We hope this research will help people live fuller, happier, healthier lives.”
1. In his study, Dattilo wanted to find out_________.A.why people like new challenges | B.how to reduce loneliness |
C.why people feel lonely | D.how to be strong |
A.They are lonely and bored. | B.They feel stressed and tired. |
C.They are focused and happy. | D.They feel time passes too quickly. |
A.Drawing. | B.Watching TV. | C.Chatting. | D.Eating nuts. |
A.To share a healthy lifestyle. | B.To introduce the state of flow. |
C.To show ways to stay more positive. | D.To draw people’s attention to loneliness. |