Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for court. His mission is to save the world’s oceans from plastic pollution.
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was upset to see how much it had changed. The sand was no longer visible because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it was plastic waste. The unsightly(难看的)mess Shah had stumbled upon is part of a global environmental crisis. It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
In October 2015, Shah began picking up trash from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began recruiting others to join in. Word spread and with the help from social media, more volunteers got involved. He’s now spent 209 weekends dedicated to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000 volunteers to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach clean-up. By October 2018, Versova Beach was finally clean and Shah’s clean-up expanded to another beach, as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India. So far, the movement has cleared more than 60 million pounds of garbage — mostly plastic waste — from Mumbai’s beaches and waterways.
While he continues to work as a lawyer during the week, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this cause. He also works with coastal communities to tackle plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking sufficient waste management systems, Shah and his volunteers educate and assist villagers in reducing, managing, and recycling their plastic waste.
1. What has kept Shah busy at weekends over the four years?A.Handling legal cases. | B.Cleaning up the beach. |
C.Swimming in the ocean. | D.Fishing on the coast. |
A.The beach no longer existed. |
B.The community was in a mess. |
C.Many fish in the ocean were killed. |
D.There was severe plastic pollution. |
A.By raising money to recycle plastic waste. |
B.By encouraging others to join his clean-up. |
C.By appealing to people not to throw garbage. |
D.By devoting all his time to collecting garbage. |
A.Report. | B.Predict. | C.Deal with. | D.Cover up. |
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【推荐1】Microplastic pollution is increasing dramatically around the globe, according to a study of airborne (空气传播的) plastic particles (粒子).
People are already known to breathe, drink and eat microplastics, and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly. The researchers said that breathing in these particles can damage lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald, at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team, said, “But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem, if we manage our plastics better, before they accumulate (积聚) in the environment and move around quickly everywhere.”
The research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined airborne microplastics, which have been far less studied than plastic in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US. These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated (估计) the contribution from different sources, and was the first such study to do so.
They found that roads were the main factor in the western US, linked to about 85 percent of the microplastics in the air. These are likely to include particles from tires on vehicles, and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers enlarged their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the main driver of airborne plastics in Europe, South America and Australia, plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna’s Faculty of Earth Sciences, and not part of the study team, said, “The study confirms the global-scale nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities, but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources.”
1. What did the researchers find out about airborne plastic pollution?A.Its impact varies on different continents. |
B.Public transportation takes responsibility for it. |
C.Its main driver differs across continents. |
D.Africa is suffering the most from the pollution. |
A.To predict the possible damages of microplastics. |
B.To get more data to understand the sources of microplastics. |
C.To understand the nature of airborne plastic pollution globally. |
D.To improve the method of collecting samples of microplastics. |
A.Effects of microplastics on human health |
B.Possible solutions to microplastic pollution |
C.Microplastic pollution on the global scale |
D.Microplastic pollution rising rapidly in the air |
A.Society. | B.Nature. | C.Health. | D.Science. |
【推荐2】Beginning construction in 1632, the Taj Mahal is located in this city of Agra. It is considered one of the most beautiful sites in the world. In fact, it was named one of the new seven wonders of the world.
But it could become more difficult to see and to glimpse this glorious site because of pollution. It’s an unhealthy, even hazardous (危险的) problem for parts of India. Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai were among the 10 most polluted cities on earth this week, according to a Swiss company called IQAir.
CNN’s Michael Holmes explains what it all means. India’s iconic monument almost lost in the smog in the city of Agra. We are facing difficulty in taking pictures of Taj Mahal due to pollution. The Taj Mahal is not clearly visible. Every year, when the temperatures drop and farmers burn their fields, the air turns toxic (有毒的) in many Indian cities.
Delhi is notoriously (声名狼藉) ranked among the world’s most polluted cities. And the current air quality there has once again reached hazardous conditions, forcing primary schools to temporarily close and many people to work from home or just stay indoors altogether. The problem is so serious. A recent air quality life index report says poor air quality could shorten an average Indian’s life expectancy by more than five years, if World Health Organization guidelines on controlling pollution aren’t met. And it’s even affecting one of the country’s favorite pastimes.
India is currently hosting the Cricket World Cup with Bangladesh set to play Sri Lanka in a match in Delhi. But the air quality is so poor. Some players are wearing masks and both teams have canceled training sessions. The coach of Bangladesh’s team says the conditions have not been ideal.
1. Which is the least polluted city according to the text?A.Agra. | B.Mumbai. | C.Delhi. | D.Kolkata. |
A.Forest fires and farmers’ burning. | B.Low temperature and forest fires. |
C.Global warming and low temperature. | D.Low temperature and farmers’ burning. |
A.Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful scenic spots. |
B.All schools were forced to close in many Indian cities. |
C.Indians may have a shorter lifespan if no measures are taken. |
D.In the Cricket World Cup, India is set to play Bangladesh in a match. |
A.To reveal the real cause for air pollution. |
B.To express concern for the athletes in the match. |
C.To prove the Taj Mahal has lost its charm in smog. |
D.To show the impact of air pollution in India on all sides. |
【推荐3】When we eat some popular kinds of shellfish (贝类海产), we leave behind large amounts of shells.
In the U.S., shells cast aside in restaurants and other businesses are being collected, cleaned and thrown back into waterways.
Communities, environmental groups and governments around the world have had oyster reefs recycled and replanted in recent years. It’s happening in many states of the United States.
A.And most of them end up in waterways. |
B.For example, each year in Maryland, about 70 cubic meters of recycled shells are turned into oyster groups. |
C.The shells form a new living place for sea creatures like oysters. |
D.The Mullica River is actually home to some of the oysters. |
E.However, these shells are no longer thrown into waste containers. |
F.The project has kept about 60,000 kilograms of shells out of landfills (填埋). |
G.Despite the economic benefits, the main goal is to improve the environment. |
【推荐1】Very early on in my senior year of high school, my parents carried the flame of worrying about my future college. I was willing to go to a 2-year college before going after my bachelor, s degree. This was for two reasons—to help them save money and to make sure I major in English. However, they insisted I attend a 4-year college right off the bat.
I was pushed to start searching for colleges therefore, ones that my parents approved of and that were within the range of tuition that my mom thought was acceptable. I was also limited to the immediate areas, which only included New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, so I cannot apply for any colleges in one of my favorite places—New Hampshire.
I’ll be honest. It got a bit tense at times with several different opinions between my parents and me, and with other family members or friends voicing their thoughts to my parents.
In the end, I ended up applying for three schools—SUNY Albany, SUNY New Paltz and Kutztown University in Pennsylvania. I had been to New Paltz quite often as it was only 45 minutes away from our home. And Kutztown is located in an area our family often visited.
I was accepted by all three, and I quickly gave up Albany. I was not impressed with the city and wasn’t familiar with the area. It was between New Paltz and Kutztown. After a few weeks, I ended up settling on New Paltz because Kutztown just didn’t “feel right” for me. When I was on campus, I had a feeling that this was it.
Looking back now, I wish I had known more about the application process and had a little more freedom of choice about which college I could apply for. I probably would still have attended SUNY New Paltz.
1. What did the author’s parents think he should do?A.Choose a college that could provide good jobs. |
B.Go to a community college to save money. |
C.Choose a college that he liked best. |
D.Go to a 4-year college directly. |
A.He didnt like the place. |
B.His situation didn’t allow it. |
C.The living expenses there were too high. |
D.He wasn’t sure whether or not he would fit in there. |
A.Embarrassed. | B.Frightened. |
C.Satisfied. | D.Worried. |
A.How I chose my college | B.How to apply for a college |
C.Different choices, different future | D.The meaning of attending college |
【推荐2】If you rent an apartment in Beijing, you also rent the landlord or landlady for at least a year. It's important you find a good match because you have to deal with them in the long term. For me, it was love at first sight with the elderly couple who owns my apartment.
It was quite a tough trying to find the right apartment when I first arrived in Beijing. The apartments were either unsuitable or I find fault with the owners who looked indifferent at best and unfriendly at worst. But that all changed when the renting agent's car stopped in front of a hutong house in the heart of the capital.
I saw an elderly couple, in their 70s perhaps, waving to me. They were warm and welcoming at first glance, and when I saw them attentively hanging up the curtains in what would become my bedroom, I was just sold on the place and the owners!
Chinese people talk about yuanfen, meaning fate that brings people together. Before I met my current landlords, I thought the concept of yuanfen was overrated. A generous landlady who liked me and wanted me to move into her apartment had used the term in reference to me. But it was this lovely couple that changed my mind about the concept.
We have become accustomed to visiting each other at home. The couple's apartment is lovingly decorated, boasting a recent wedding photo of themselves taken in bridal wear. The landlord likes to smoke and sip tea, while the landlady takes great pride in her appearance.
After three years, I dare say they treat me a bit like a "daughter", despite having two grown sons, one of them close by. They give me gifts of tea or clothes, and I bring them souvenirs from my trips. A match made in heaven, indeed!
1. How did the author feel about renting an apartment in Beijing?A.It was a piece of cake. |
B.There were lots of unfriendly owners. |
C.It was worth trying different apartments. |
D.It was not so easy to find a suitable apartment. |
A.They looked indifferent and find fault with the author. |
B.They gave a warm welcome and took good care of the house. |
C.They liked the author and wanted her to move into their apartment. |
D.They were nice and gave her gifts of tea or clothes. |
A.They are newly married. | B.They are nice and easy to get along with. |
C.They love drinking tea. | D.They live together with their two sons. |
【推荐3】I always wanted to be a scientist. When I found that summer research program, I thought I had found the perfect topic for my thesis(论文) and a stepping stone to my dream academic career. The position—measuring soil condition as part of an undergraduate research program—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. This was just the program I wanted and I wasn’t going to consider other options.
Then came a rejection email. I felt lost and hopeless. Thinking the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career, I was also a little regretful. There had been more programs I could have applied for. But only later would I see that instead, it provided an exciting new direction to follow.
Not long after the rejection email, the professor running the research program invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later, she invited me to talk with her about potential thesis projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I felt I wasn’t in a position to be picky; this was a great opportunity and I was going to give it my all.
Then I found myself working with a robotics professor, and the work introduced me to a whole new way to think about my research direction. In the end, I had a thesis and a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I decided I would be selective about the options I pursued rather than casting abroad net. I realized that rather than setting plans in stone, sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound exactly perfect at the time, and make the most of them. And I’ve learned to look at each rejection as are direction instead.
1. What might the author regret after being rejected?A.He should have chosen another major. |
B.He should have applied for more programs. |
C.He shouldn’t have dreamt of being a scientist. |
D.He shouldn’t have spent years looking for an answer. |
A.Take any possible opportunity. |
B.Help setup a new lab. |
C.Get involved in her research projects. |
D.Put all efforts into research work. |
A.Wise. | B.Honest. | C.Talented. | D.Picky. |
A.To be a scientist is not really easy. |
B.We should make one choice at a time. |
C.To choose a research program is important. |
D.We should learn to turn rejection into redirection. |