The color of food can send important messages about its quality. Now, many food companies, including McDonald’s and Kellogg’s, say they will stop adding artificial colors to their products.
McDonald’s announced in September that it had removed artificial colors from many of its hamburgers. Kellogg’s has promised to remove them from its cereals (谷物) by the end of this year. What people accept as a normal color for food can change from place to place and over time. Until the 1980s, Americans expected pistachio nuts (开心果) to be red. Pistachios were mostly imported from places where the nuts were dyed (染色) to cover spots. Now, most pistachios sold in the United States are grown in the U. S. and have natural-colored shells. But it is not just processed and boxed foods that create a false idea with color.
Cheeses
Many cheddar cheeses contain a substance (物质) added called annatto, which is commonly used for coloring. Elizabeth Chubbuck, of Murray’s Cheese in New York, said adding color comes from the time when cheese makers in England took the butterfat from milk to make butter. The leftover milk was whiter. So cheese makers added substances to recreate butterfat’s golden color.
Another cheese that sometimes gets color added is mozzarella. Sara Burnett is director of food policy at Panera Bread. She said mozzarella sometimes gets its bright white color from titanium dioxide, a common substance taken from nature.
Salmon (鲑鱼)
In salmon, a bright pink color is a sign of freshness to those buying the fish. Experts say this is why farmed salmon may have been fed food containing a man-made substance to make the flesh pinker.
The Food and Drug Administration notes that manufacturers have to declare on labeling if non-natural colors were used for salmon. For example, farmed salmon at Costco Wholesale stores is labeled “color added through feed”.
1. What can we know from the second paragraph?| A．The color of food varies with places. |
| B．Most imported food has got color added. |
| C．Kellogg’s removed artificial colors from its cereals. |
| D．McDonald’s removed artificial colors from most of its food. |
| A．Red is its natural color. |
| B．Farmers dyed them to cover spots. |
| C．Sellers added artificial colors to attract customers. |
| D．Producers added artificial colors to improve food quality. |
| A．White. | B．Red. | C．Yellow. | D．Pink. |
| A．Food Colors: Natural or Not? | B．How to Identify the Freshness of Food |
| C．Food Choices: Fresh Food or Processed Food? | D．Home-Grown Food Is Healthier Than Those Imported |
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【推荐1】It's not just an old wife's tale-studies have demonstrated that eating breakfast helps kids succeed at school.Plus,it can help them control their weight and get the nutrients they need.
build good eating habits.
Skipping breakfast will cause many bad consequences.Skipping breakfast has many consequences besides a few unpleasant hunger pains.Skipping breakfast can lead to weight problems.Kids who skip breakfast tend to eat about 100 more calories per day,and they're more likely to be overweight.
Making breakfast convenient is necessary.Make breakfast more convenient for your kids by preparing breakfast essentials,such as whole grain toast,yogurt,fresh fruit,string cheese and so on.Keep breakfast foods in highly visible locations,and cut up fruit the night before.
You can convince unwilling kids to eat breakfast.Don't force your kids to eat a specific item for breakfast.
| A．There are some benefits of eating breakfast. |
| B．Maybe your kids are unwilling to eat in the morning. |
| C．Skipping breakfast may sometimes seem like a good idea. |
| D．Instead.do give them a selection of healthy eating choices. |
| E．Skipping breakfast can also make kids easily annoyed and tired. |
| F．Encouraging your family members to eat breakfast as much as possible. |
| G．Make sure kids get up early enough to spend ten minutes eating breakfast. |
【推荐2】Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1. According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.| A．cannot be as effective as codeine | B．can be a more effective cure for coughs |
| C．cannot be separated from chocolate | D．can be harmful to people’s health |
| A．Capsaicin. | B．Codeine. |
| C．Theobromine. | D．Placebo. |
| A．were patients with bad coughs | B．suffered little side effects |
| C．received standard treatments | D．were divided into the three groups |
| A．Codeine: A New Medicine | B．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case |
| C．Chocolate May Cure Coughs | D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
【推荐3】Here are four tips to help you prepare a better cup of coffee from the comfort of your kitchen:
Start with good materials.
At its simplest, a cup of coffee consists of two things: coffee and water.
When it comes to the other main material, it goes beyond just buying “good” coffee. Try choosing fresh coffee. Like sonic fruits coffee will go bad with time, and the unique flavors will start to fade away.
Get a good coffee grinder.
Good grinders run col fee beans through two gear-like circles. They allow for a more uniform grind size compared to common grinders, although they tend to be bigger and more expensive. There are mechanized grinders and hand control ones.
Develop Your Recipe.
The proportion of coffee to water is a personal thing. Walimaki likes a 1:16 proportion.
Don’t expect to become some kind of expert taster overnight. Walimaki notes “The more you taste something, the better you’re going to get at identifying what’s good and what’s bad. If you’re having trouble naming what you taste try using a flavor wheel — a handy tool that can help you pick out exactly what you’re tasting.
| A．Learn to describe what you taste. |
| B．That is one part coffee to 16 parts water. |
| C．There can be more to coffee than just what’s in your cup. |
| D．The taste of your water will affect the taste of your coffee. |
| E．It starts with more general tastes in the center like fruit and nut. |
| F．Drink your morning coffee at home while catching up on the news. |
| G．By breaking up beans yourself at home, you can choose your preferred powder. |
【推荐1】If you've got a reliable Internet connection, smart lights are a cheap way to make your home very cool. Here are four of them.
LIFX
The biggest feature: you don't need a separate hub to control your smart lights. They connect via Wi-Fi and you can stick the lights anywhere. The LEDS create up to 16 million colors and are programmable, so you can create custom lighting patterns through the smartphone app. You can also set up a lighting schedule and make changes with your voice through Amazon Alexa, Apple HomeKit, and Google Assistant. $70.
Sylvania
The Sylvania LED light strip(灯带) is Apple HomeKit-enabled, meaning you can change colors and settings with Apple's smart voice assistant Siri or through the app. The only feature Sylvania does not include -- one that LIFX does -- is the ability for the lights to automatically rotate(转换) through colors. With these lights, you can only adjust brightness and change colors. $39.
If you use an Android phone, make sure to get an Android version. It has the same functions but is also compatible
(兼容的) with Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant. $52.
Eve
The Eve LEDS can be extended with additional strips and reach up to 32.8 feet. The LEDS produce a full range of whites and colors and are compatible with Apple HomeKit -- therefore voice controlled with Siri. This setup requires no extra hub. The starter version is available for $80 and extension strips are available for $50.
Minger
Mingers Wi-Fi connected strips of LEDS are 16.4-feet-long and can be controlled via the Govee app on your smartphone or with Amazon Alexa. The company doesn't recommend connecting multiple strips. $29.
1. How is LIFX different from Sylvania?| A．It is voice controlled. | B．It is intended for Android phone users. |
| C．The brightness of its lights can be adjusted. | D．The colors of its lights can change automatically. |
| A．LIFX. | B．Sylvania. | C．Eve. | D．Minger. |
| A．They are powered by the sun. |
| B．They an be extended with additional strips. |
| C．They work well with smart home assistants. |
| D．They are developed by smartphone companies. |
【推荐2】As every mobile-phone owner knows, after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently. That is troublesome, but a phone’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply — or the whole device traded in for the latest model. An electric car, though, is a much bigger investment. And batteries are its priciest component, representing around 30% of an average mid-size vehicle.
To provide buyers with some peace of mind, carmakers guarantee their batteries, typically for eight years or around 200,000km. Producers, planning to go much further than that, though, are racing to launch “million mile” (1.6m kilometers) batteries. Contemporary Amperex Technology, a giant Chinese firm which produces batteries for a number of carmakers, was said to be ready to start producing batteries which would last for 16 years or 2m kilometres. Elon Musk has suggested that Tesla,a Californian maker of electric vehicles, has a million-mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit,General Motors is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity (寿命)。
Regular fast-charging reduces battery life, as do overcharging and deep discharging. Driving in extremely hot or cold weather does not help either. And battery life will diminish even if you just leave the car in the garage. The real point of a million-mile battery is that the technological advances required to make it possible will deal with these things as well.
Battery technology is improving all the time, and by no means are million-mile batteries the limit of engineers’ ambition. The next objective is to replace Li-ions’ liquid electrolytes (电解质) with solid ones. That would allow even longer driving ranges, which could make a two-million-mile battery an achievable objective. If that day comes,the tables would have been turned. From being the first part of a car to fail, its battery will have become the last.
1. The battery problem of mobile phones is mentioned to_____.| A．show electrical devices may have drawbacks |
| B．stress the disturbing battery problem of cars |
| C．call for investment in battery development |
| D．compare the function of battery in devices |
| A．It is eagerly anticipated by car consumers. |
| B．It is aimed to save repair cost for customers. |
| C．It targets the longevity of 8 years and above. |
| D．It has drawn the interest of many enterprises. |
| A．Exploring new materials to construct batteries. |
| B．Guiding users on how to maintain the battery. |
| C．Addressing factors that decrease battery life. |
| D．Researching the principle of battering aging. |
| A．Promising. |
| B．Unpredictable. |
| C．Concerning. |
| D．Unlimited. |
The Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage Museum is one of the most important sights to see for any visitor to St. Petersburg. There you can see lots of different paintings of old masters inside the Hermitage. Prepare to come face-to-face with classic Western artists.
The Russian Museum
The Russian Museum holds one of the largest collections of Russian art in the world. View Russian art creations through the ages, from Byzantine (拜占庭)-style icons to the Socialist Realism of Stalin’s times.
Kizhi Island
Kizhi Island is an open-air museum of wooden buildings from the Karelia Region of Russia. These impressive structures are made without any nails (钉子) — the wood fits together with joints and grooves (沟槽).
Peterhof
Peterhof is as beautiful as it is fun. You’ll be charged for admission (门票), but go to Peterhof when the fountains (喷泉) are working — during the day in the summer. They are shut off in winter as well as in the evenings.
The Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood
Love it or hate it, the Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood is an attractive must-see sight. The beautiful look may make your eyes brighten, and the paintings inside the church will make you say “Wow!”
The Bronze Horseman Statue
The Bronze Horseman is a part of Russian Culture and a symbol of St. Petersburg. Made famous by Alexander Pushkin (普希金), this statue of Peter the Great sitting on his horse can truly show Peter the Great’s influence on the Russian idea of greatness.
1. If you’re interested in paintings, you’d better go to _____.
| A．the Hermitage Museum and Peterhof |
| B．the Hermitage Museum and the Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood |
| C．Kizhi Island and the Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood |
| D．the Russian Museum and Kizhi Island |
| A．Peter the Great | B．Alexander Pushkin |
| C．Byzantine | D．Stalin |
| A．The fountains in Peterhof can be seen all year round. |
| B．The largest collection of Russian art is in the Hermitage Museum. |
| C．The buildings on Kizhi Island are made of wood. |
| D．You can visit Peterhof free of charge. |
| A．show the wonderful history of Russia |
| B．introduce the famous buildings in Russia |
| C．persuade artists to study St. Petersburg |
| D．attract tourists to visit St. Petersburg |
