How do astronauts do the laundry in space ? They don’t. They wear their underwear, gym clothes and everything else until they can’t take the smell anymore, then junk them.
NASA wants to change that — if not at the International Space Station (ISS), and then the moon and Mars- and stop throwing away tons of dirty clothes every year, putting them in the waste to burn up in the atmosphere aboard abandoned cargo ships. So it’s teamed up with Procter&Gamble Co. (P&C) to figure out how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space so they can be reused for months or even years, just like on Earth.
Rocket cargo space is tight and expensive, according to NASA, so why waste it on new clothes if their clothes could be kept looking and smelling fresh? There’re also the health factors. Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to deal with the muscle-and bone-withering effects of weightlessness, quickly leaving their workout clothes sweaty, smelly and stiff. Their T-shirts, shorts and socks end up so terrible that they run through a pair every week, according to Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut. “After that, they’re considered poisonous,” said Melvin, who’s serving as a spokesman for the project.
While NASA and the other space station partners have looked into special clothes to extend wear, it’s not a long-term solution. In its initial experiment, P&G will send up detergent specially made for space in December, so scientists can see how the detergent react to six months of weightlessness.
P&G is developing a washer-dryer combination that could operate on the moon or even Mars, using a little water and detergent. Then next May, stain-removal pens and wipes will be delivered for testing by astronauts. “The best solutions come from the most diverse teams,” Melvin said, “and how more diverse can you be than Tideand NASA?”
1. How do astronauts deal with the clothes after wearing them?A.By throwing them directly into space. | B.By burning them up in a spaceship. |
C.By reusing them in cargo ships. | D.By cleaning them up by hand. |
A.The limitations of rocket cargo space. | B.The reasons for cleaning dirty clothes in space. |
C.The suitable exercising ways of astronauts. | D.The role Melvin plays in designing the project. |
A.It’s time-consuming to make them. | B.They are easy to wash. |
C.They are not very satisfactory. | D.They won’t become smelly. |
A.Send them some daily cleaning supplies. |
B.Reduce the effect of weightlessness on them. |
C.Design a machine for drying clothes in space. |
D.Deliver pens for them to improve their handwriting. |
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【推荐1】Digital technology has made life easier for most people. With a smartphone in hand, people can shop online, watch TV shows and arrange a taxi. Zhu Yiwei, 17, from Anhui province, wanted his grandfather to have access to this convenience, so he bought him a new phone as a gift. But his grandfather still uses the phone just for calling and messaging. “He said other functions make him confused,” said Zhu.
This is a common problem faced by the elderly in the digital age. Although China already has more than 900 million Internet users, among them, those aged 60 and above make up just 6.7 percent, according to the Statistical Report on Internet Development.
Even though the elderly have access to the Internet, they mainly do it for communication and information acquisition, according to a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Other services are still strange to them. That’s why elderly people are sometimes called “digital refugees”. For example, since the COVID-19 pandemic, people are often asked to show a green health code on their phone to get into public places. But most elderly people don’t use smartphones. Even if they have one, many don’t know how to operate it, People’s Daily noted.
“We have made a lifelong contribution to society, but now we feel abandoned by it,” a 75-year-old Beijing resident surnamed Bai told the Global Times. For the elderly, one way of mastering digital technology is to learn from younger family members. However, not all of these younger people have the patience or time to teach the elderly. In addition, aging results in many physical problems, such as weak eyesight and bad memory. This makes it harder to use smartphones.
The government and other organizations in China are trying to help. See Young, a Beijing-based NGO, aims to help China’s elderly use mobile services. Student volunteers have been providing free computer and smartphone training for elderly people in over 200 communities across the country.
Zhao Jingchuan, 17, from Xi’an Gaoxin No 1 High School, and his team members also tried to help. This year, their draft proposal was brought to the two sessions. They suggested more ways to help introduce the technology to the older generation, including sending manuals (手册), offering technical support, and cybersecurity education.
1. Why is Zhu Yiwei’s example mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To praise him for caring for his grandfather. |
B.To show how the elderly use smart phones. |
C.To tell how different generations get along. |
D.To present the difficulties the elderly face. |
A.they have fewer chances to use the Internet |
B.they have trouble using digital technology |
C.they are unwilling to use new technology |
D.they don’t have suitable digital products |
A.The expectations of the elderly in the digital age. |
B.The advantages of digital technology for the elderly. |
C.The efforts made to help the elderly use technology. |
D.The help young people provided for the elderly. |
【推荐2】Sponges (海绵) — is there anything they can’t do? For thousands of years, humans have used dried natural sponges to clean up, to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey. Whether artificial or natural, sponges are great at collecting tiny pieces with their many small holes.
Recently, researchers in China published a study describing their development of an artificial sponge that makes short work of removing microplastic pieces. The tests show that when a specially prepared plastic-filled solution (溶液) is pushed through one of their sponges, the sponge can remove microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics from the liquid. Researchers tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to soup from a local takeout spot.
According to Guoqing Wang, a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author of the paper, the sponge is adjustable. By adjusting the temperature, the sponge can be made to have more or fewer holes, which affects the size of the microplastic pieces collected. The sponge, if ever produced on an industrial scale, Wang says, could be used in wastewater treatment factories to remove microplastics from the water or in food production facilities to avoid polluting water.
There are shortcomings to the sponge’s possible adoption, though. The sponge is made mostly from starch and gelatin (淀粉和明胶), which are important to the food industry, meaning that there could be intense competition for the key ingredients in the future. Besides, starch and gelatin are able to break down naturally and harmlessly. However, the process developed by Wang and his co-workers to make their sponge uses formaldehyde, a highly poisonous chemical, and there were small amounts of this in the sponge itself.
When it comes to dealing with microplastic pollution in the ocean, Alice Horton at the United Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center says what she is confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably certain to fail. “I don’t think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact,” she says. “We have to stop them getting there in the first place.”
1. What special characteristic of the new sponges is shown during the tests?A.Their environmental friendliness. |
B.Their operability and low production costs. |
C.Their good performance in catching plastic pieces. |
D.Their possibility of helping break down microplastics. |
A.The high cost of recycling them. | B.The poor quality of the products. |
C.A shortage of the raw material. | D.A lack of skillful operators. |
A.All roads lead to Rome. | B.Time and tide wait for no man. |
C.Many hands make light work. | D.Prevention is better than cure. |
A.To advertise a new sponge. | B.To introduce a new invention. |
C.To stress the damage of plastic. | D.To popularize the sponge’s usage. |
【推荐3】Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming hazards (危险), scientists claim. The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.
Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to help serve in the generation of sel-driving vehicles.
Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents, which according to the World Health Organization account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50million people injured worldwide every year, will drop drastically (彻底地) as a result.
Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said, “To have a better idea of what the future will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what's around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles. With the help of 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.”
A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.
1. What is the benefit of 5G mentioned in the text?A.It can improve the safety of automated vehicles. |
B.It can help drivers communicate with each other. |
C.It can effectively wipe out road traffic accidents. |
D.It can help make more profits for the manufacturers. |
A.It can get information several miles ahead. |
B.It will frequently send messages to drivers. |
C.It has been proved extremely helpful for driving. |
D.It is under research and development at present. |
A.Some safety rules when using 5G. |
B.Some car manufacturers. |
C.The sales information of cars with 5G. |
D.The advantages when using 5G. |
A.5G on the Way to Making “Dialogue” Between Cars |
B.5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are Driving |
C.5G Has Been Popular with Drivers Around the World |
D.5G Is to Bring Great Convenience to Our Daily Life |
【推荐1】The American space agency’s Mars explorer, Perseverance, successfully landed on the Red Planet Thursday after a seven-month trip. The six-wheeled explorer, or rover (探测器), is on a NASA mission to collect Martian soil and rocks as part of the search for signs of ancient life. Ground controllers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California cheered after receiving confirmation of the landing on Mars. It took 11.5 minutes for the confirmation signal to reach Earth. Moments later, controllers received the rover’s first pictures of Mars.
Perseverance is NASA’s largest, heaviest and most technology-loaded vehicle ever sent to Mars. It has 19 cameras, two microphones and a two-meter-long robotic arm. A machine connected to the arm will dig into the ground to gather rock and soil samples. The rover is equipped with X-ray and imaging systems to study Martian chemistry and identify possible organic compounds (化合物). It also has a small experimental flyer called Ingenuity, which NASA says will attempt its first flight in the coming months. Officials hope it will be the first vehicle to fly on a planet other than Earth.
Perseverance landed in an area of Mars called Jezero Crater, just north of the planet’s equator. The area contains a large ancient lakebed, which NASA considers a promising place to find possible signs of life. Scientists believe if life ever existed on Mars, it would have been present 3 to 4 billion years ago, when water flowed on the planet.
The successful landing marked the third recent visit to Mars. Last week, spacecraft from the United Arab Emirates and China entered the planet’s orbit. All three of the missions were launched in July, when Mars is closer to the Earth. This closeness between the planets happens every two years.
Perseverance is NASA’s fifth rover to explore Mars. With previous missions all obtaining valuable information about the Red Planet, NASA says Perseverance “aims to take the next step” in searching for signs of ancient microbial life.
1. What is the task of Perseverance?A.To prove life exists on Mars. |
B.To achieve a soft landing on Mars. |
C.To gather some samples from Mars. |
D.To record changes in Mar’s appearance. |
A.The function of Ingenuity. |
B.The advantage of the rover. |
C.The introduction to Perseverance. |
D.The expectation of NASA officials. |
A.Its similarity to the Earth. |
B.Its unique landforms. |
C.Its special geographical location. |
D.Its potential for finding life signs. |
A.To make use of the shorter distance between the planets. |
B.To accomplish missions on Mars through cooperation. |
C.To take advantage of climate conditions in summer. |
D.To compete against each other to land on Mars first. |
【推荐2】Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like.
At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars — it would take months. With the development of technology, by the year 2100, the journey might only take about 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed of light! However, the spacecraft would travel really fast, so the journey to Mars might be quite uncomfortable. Many people would feel ill.
Humans can’t live without water, air or food. So far, nobody knows whether there would be enough water or air on Mars for people. Moreover, scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills (药片) and would not be so tasty.
Compared with life on the earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have more space. They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also, robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to relax. There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would study at online schools with “e-teachers”.
Life on Mars would be interesting and challenging. However, it may take hundred or years to make it true. So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our beautiful blue planet — the Earth!
1. The underlined word “spacecraft” means ________.A.spaceships | B.hot-air balloons | C.space stations | D.planes |
A.Fast and enjoyable. | B.Fast but uncomfortable. |
C.Slow and boring. | D.Slow but comfortable. |
A.There would be enough water and air on Mars for people. |
B.Food on Mars would be more delicious than that on the earth. |
C.People would be busy with work on Mars. |
D.The writer thinks living on Mars would be full of challenges. |
A.Schools on Mars | B.Food on Mars |
C.Life on Mars | D.Environment on the Earth |
【推荐3】NASA is making preparation to send a crew to the moon who will explore the lunar surface with the hopes of constructing a stable habitat. Although the American space agency is focused on just sending astronauts, other companies are looking further into the future for when humans will colonize the natural satellite.
Experts at Money, a company for consumer credit products, released the first-ever moon mortgage (按揭) guide that reveals living on the lunar surface would cost $325,067 a month.
“With Earth becoming increasingly populated and space technology advancing, it won’t be long before lunar living becomes the new normal,” reads the study.
The team from Money used various factors to calculate the cost of a house on the moon: raw materials needed to build a house, the special materials needed to build on the moon’s atmosphere, astronauts required to travel to build, and the average cost of transporting materials to the moon.
According to the moon mortgage guide, the first fully functioning house on the moon would be $48,454,063, which is a high price for a home. The price includes adding life-saving details to homes such as air seals, industrial-strength air-con and heaters, meter (流星)-proof windows, insulation (绝缘) and organic sources of energy.
The idea of living on the moon may sound like an exciting life, but those brave enough to take the leap have to consider the “lunar lifestyle” that comes with it.
“Generating energy is vital when living in such extreme conditions, and therefore the cost of some suppliers may force you to consider some alternative options. The most efficient way to generate. electricity on the moon is to buy a small nuclear reactor costing $1.3 billion,” Money shares in the study. “Alternatively, 34 solar panels would generate enough electricity to run one house and cost only $23,616 in comparison.”
The guide also reveals the most ideal locations on the moon, with “Sea of Rains” being deemed “the perfect family suburb”—this region sits at the north and is one of the largest impact craters (陨石撞击坑) in the Solar System.
1. What does the word underlined in Para 1 mean?A.Send plenty of scientists. | B.Live in large numbers. |
C.Have more knowledge. | D.Exploit more energy. |
A.Average people can’t afford to live on the moon due to the high cost. |
B.It’s estimated that the cost of living on the moon is roughly $425,067. |
C.Life on the lunar surface would be expected similar to that on the earth. |
D.Compared with nuclear reactor,solar panels cost less to generate electricity. |
A.The high land. | B.The flat ground. |
C.The deep hole. | D.The mountainous area. |
A.Living on the Moon | B.Exploring the Moon |
C.Sending Astronauts to the Moon | D.Travelling on the Moon |