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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:284 题号:15923726

How do astronauts do the laundry in space ? They don’t. They wear their underwear, gym clothes and everything else until they can’t take the smell anymore, then junk them.

NASA wants to change that — if not at the International Space Station (ISS), and then the moon and Mars- and stop throwing away tons of dirty clothes every year, putting them in the waste to burn up in the atmosphere aboard abandoned cargo ships. So it’s teamed up with Procter&Gamble Co. (P&C) to figure out how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space so they can be reused for months or even years, just like on Earth.

Rocket cargo space is tight and expensive, according to NASA, so why waste it on new clothes if their clothes could be kept looking and smelling fresh? There’re also the health factors. Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to deal with the muscle-and bone-withering effects of weightlessness, quickly leaving their workout clothes sweaty, smelly and stiff. Their T-shirts, shorts and socks end up so terrible that they run through a pair every week, according to Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut. “After that, they’re considered poisonous,” said Melvin, who’s serving as a spokesman for the project.

While NASA and the other space station partners have looked into special clothes to extend wear, it’s not a long-term solution. In its initial experiment, P&G will send up detergent specially made for space in December, so scientists can see how the detergent react to six months of weightlessness.

P&G is developing a washer-dryer combination that could operate on the moon or even Mars, using a little water and detergent. Then next May, stain-removal pens and wipes will be delivered for testing by astronauts. “The best solutions come from the most diverse teams,” Melvin said, “and how more diverse can you be than Tideand NASA?”

1. How do astronauts deal with the clothes after wearing them?
A.By throwing them directly into space.B.By burning them up in a spaceship.
C.By reusing them in cargo ships.D.By cleaning them up by hand.
2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.The limitations of rocket cargo space.B.The reasons for cleaning dirty clothes in space.
C.The suitable exercising ways of astronauts.D.The role Melvin plays in designing the project.
3. What can we learn about the special clothes for astronauts?
A.It’s time-consuming to make them.B.They are easy to wash.
C.They are not very satisfactory.D.They won’t become smelly.
4. What will the company P&G do for astronauts next year?
A.Send them some daily cleaning supplies.
B.Reduce the effect of weightlessness on them.
C.Design a machine for drying clothes in space.
D.Deliver pens for them to improve their handwriting.
【知识点】 说明文 航空航天

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【推荐1】Digital technology has made life easier for most people. With a smartphone in hand, people can shop online, watch TV shows and arrange a taxi. Zhu Yiwei, 17, from Anhui province, wanted his grandfather to have access to this convenience, so he bought him a new phone as a gift. But his grandfather still uses the phone just for calling and messaging. “He said other functions make him confused,” said Zhu.

This is a common problem faced by the elderly in the digital age. Although China already has more than 900 million Internet users, among them, those aged 60 and above make up just 6.7 percent, according to the Statistical Report on Internet Development.

Even though the elderly have access to the Internet, they mainly do it for communication and information acquisition, according to a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Other services are still strange to them. That’s why elderly people are sometimes called “digital refugees”. For example, since the COVID-19 pandemic, people are often asked to show a green health code on their phone to get into public places. But most elderly people don’t use smartphones. Even if they have one, many don’t know how to operate it, People’s Daily noted.

“We have made a lifelong contribution to society, but now we feel abandoned by it,” a 75-year-old Beijing resident surnamed Bai told the Global Times. For the elderly, one way of mastering digital technology is to learn from younger family members. However, not all of these younger people have the patience or time to teach the elderly. In addition, aging results in many physical problems, such as weak eyesight and bad memory. This makes it harder to use smartphones.

The government and other organizations in China are trying to help. See Young, a Beijing-based NGO, aims to help China’s elderly use mobile services. Student volunteers have been providing free computer and smartphone training for elderly people in over 200 communities across the country.

Zhao Jingchuan, 17, from Xi’an Gaoxin No 1 High School, and his team members also tried to help. This year, their draft proposal was brought to the two sessions. They suggested more ways to help introduce the technology to the older generation, including sending manuals (手册), offering technical support, and cybersecurity education.

1. Why is Zhu Yiwei’s example mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To praise him for caring for his grandfather.
B.To show how the elderly use smart phones.
C.To tell how different generations get along.
D.To present the difficulties the elderly face.
2. Elderly people are sometimes called “digital refugees” because ________.
A.they have fewer chances to use the Internet
B.they have trouble using digital technology
C.they are unwilling to use new technology
D.they don’t have suitable digital products
3. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A.The expectations of the elderly in the digital age.
B.The advantages of digital technology for the elderly.
C.The efforts made to help the elderly use technology.
D.The help young people provided for the elderly.
2021-01-15更新 | 55次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约400词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】Sponges (海绵) — is there anything they can’t do? For thousands of years, humans have used dried natural sponges to clean up, to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey. Whether artificial or natural, sponges are great at collecting tiny pieces with their many small holes.

Recently, researchers in China published a study describing their development of an artificial sponge that makes short work of removing microplastic pieces. The tests show that when a specially prepared plastic-filled solution (溶液) is pushed through one of their sponges, the sponge can remove microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics from the liquid. Researchers tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to soup from a local takeout spot.

According to Guoqing Wang, a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author of the paper, the sponge is adjustable. By adjusting the temperature, the sponge can be made to have more or fewer holes, which affects the size of the microplastic pieces collected. The sponge, if ever produced on an industrial scale, Wang says, could be used in wastewater treatment factories to remove microplastics from the water or in food production facilities to avoid polluting water.

There are shortcomings to the sponge’s possible adoption, though. The sponge is made mostly from starch and gelatin (淀粉和明胶), which are important to the food industry, meaning that there could be intense competition for the key ingredients in the future. Besides, starch and gelatin are able to break down naturally and harmlessly. However, the process developed by Wang and his co-workers to make their sponge uses formaldehyde, a highly poisonous chemical, and there were small amounts of this in the sponge itself.

When it comes to dealing with microplastic pollution in the ocean, Alice Horton at the United Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center says what she is confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably certain to fail. “I don’t think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact,” she says. “We have to stop them getting there in the first place.”

1. What special characteristic of the new sponges is shown during the tests?
A.Their environmental friendliness.
B.Their operability and low production costs.
C.Their good performance in catching plastic pieces.
D.Their possibility of helping break down microplastics.
2. What will be a possible problem if the new sponges are produced in large numbers?
A.The high cost of recycling them.B.The poor quality of the products.
C.A shortage of the raw material.D.A lack of skillful operators.
3. What’s Alice’s opinion in regard to removing plastic from the ocean?
A.All roads lead to Rome.B.Time and tide wait for no man.
C.Many hands make light work.D.Prevention is better than cure.
4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A.To advertise a new sponge.B.To introduce a new invention.
C.To stress the damage of plastic.D.To popularize the sponge’s usage.
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【推荐3】Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming hazards (危险), scientists claim. The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.

Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to help serve in the generation of sel-driving vehicles.

Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents, which according to the World Health Organization account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50million people injured worldwide every year, will drop drastically (彻底地) as a result.

Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said, “To have a better idea of what the future will look like, think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan what's around them, they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several square miles. With the help of 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.”

A few manufacturers are already working on connected cars. Of them, Ford revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.

1. What is the benefit of 5G mentioned in the text?
A.It can improve the safety of automated vehicles.
B.It can help drivers communicate with each other.
C.It can effectively wipe out road traffic accidents.
D.It can help make more profits for the manufacturers.
2. What can we know about the vehicle-generated warning system?
A.It can get information several miles ahead.
B.It will frequently send messages to drivers.
C.It has been proved extremely helpful for driving.
D.It is under research and development at present.
3. What will be probably continued with the text?
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B.Some car manufacturers.
C.The sales information of cars with 5G.
D.The advantages when using 5G.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.5G on the Way to Making “Dialogue” Between Cars
B.5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are Driving
C.5G Has Been Popular with Drivers Around the World
D.5G Is to Bring Great Convenience to Our Daily Life
2021-10-15更新 | 400次组卷
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