A crash helmet is a protective helmet which is designed to prevent head injuries in a crash. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated that wearing a crash helmet in a crash greatly reduces the risk of injuries.
Helmets have not always looked like the modern, encased units we are used to in today’s world. They were actually fairly simple.
Typically, a crash helmet has a hard outer shell which is designed to resist penetration, and a thick foam inner lining. As a general rule, once a crash helmet has been involved in an accident, even if it appears to be in good shape, the integrity of the helmet may have been damaged.
While crash helmets can have a number of different styles, all of them are designed to cover the head and at least part of the face. It is important to fit a crash helmet properly, so that it does not wiggle or move on the head.
| A．Therefore, it must be thrown away. |
| B．Many people can benefit from wearing a crash helmet. |
| C．The most common motorcycle helmet is the full-face helmet. |
| D．So crash helmets are required by law in many regions of the world. |
| E．An ill-fitting helmet will not provide adequate protection in a collision. |
| F．Football helmets are some of the most recognizable pieces of sports equipment. |
| G．However, the reason why they are worn has remained the same throughout history. |
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【推荐1】More people are increasingly biking to commute (上下班往返), for exercise, or just for fun. Bicyclists should observe bicycle safety rules to help reduce deaths and injuries on the road.
Wear a helmetsEvery bike ride begins with putting on a helmet. Your helmet can best protect you. For the most comprehensive list of helmet sizes according to manufacturers, click here to visit the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute (BHSI) website.
Avoid crashesThere are two main types of crashes: the most common (falls) , and the most serious (the ones with cars). Regardless of the reasons for the crash, prevention is the key point.
Be alert (警惕的)Be alert to the road and all traffic around you; anticipate what others may do before they do it. This is defensive driving — the quicker you notice a potential conflict, the quicker you can act to avoid a potential crash.
Pay attention to road signs and road conditionsObey street signs, signals, and road markings, just like a car. Look ahead for risks or situations to avoid what may cause you to fall, like potholes (坑洼) and train tracks. No texting, listening to music or using anything that distracts you by taking your eyes and ears or your mind off the road and traffic.
Ride in the same direction as trafficThis way, if the sidewalk ends, you are already riding with the flow of traffic. If crossing a street, motorists will look left, right, left for traffic. When you are to the driver’s left, the driver is more likely to see you. Slow and look for traffic (left — right — left and behind) when crossing a street from a sidewalk; be prepared to stop and follow the pedestrian signals.
1. What is the most important aspect of avoiding crashes?| A．Putting on a helmet. | B．Cycling slowly. |
| C．Reacting quickly. | D．Prevention in advance. |
| A．Behind — left — right and left. |
| B．Left — right — left and behind. |
| C．Left — behind — left and right. |
| D．Right — left — right and behind. |
| A．A website. | B．A local radio station. |
| C．A popular magazine. | D．A manufacture instruction. |
【推荐2】We are having a debate about this topic:Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians Are Real
Danger. Here are some letters from our readers.
■ Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让)them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. —Michael Horan ■ Cyclists jump on and off pavements （which are meant for pedestrians）, ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It’s about time they were registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim compensation. —JML ■ I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists {Viewpoints, May 29}. I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent （发荧光的）jackets and lights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. —Carol Harvey Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. |
| A．drivers should be polite to cyclists |
| B．road accidents can actually be avoided |
| C．walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes |
| D．some pedestrians are a threat to road safety |
| A．Cyclists should be fined for laughing at policemen |
| B．Cyclists should be provided with enough roads |
| C．Cyclists should be asked to ride on their own lanes |
| D．Cyclists should be made to pay less tax for cycling |
| A．increased awareness of road rules | B．ways to improve road facilities |
| C．measures to punish road offenses | D．the real source of road danger |
【推荐3】Today’s post is almost about signs in English. You will see signs on the road while driving or when walking down a street. Now let’s take a closer look at the signs in the picture below, so you can fully understand what they mean in case you come across one of them.
Starting with the top row, we have a:
Yield sign—This sign indicates (标示) that you need to slow down ,but you may not have to come to a full stop.
Crosswalk—This is a sign that indicates people have the right of way to cross the street, so cars have to stop when they see a person waiting next to one of these signs.
Second row:
Do not enter—This sign indicates you are not allowed to enter a road at that point.
Buckle up(系好安全带)!— There are often signs on roads in the United States reminding people that wearing seat belts(安全带) is mandatory (强制的) (seat belt laws differ depending on what state you are in ,but all US states have seat belt laws).
Third row:
Be alert (警惕的) for bears—This is another sign that is used to indicate to drivers and pedestrians (行人) that they should be alert for wildlife in the area.
Playground—This is the sign used to alert drivers that there is a playground nearby, so it is a good idea to slow down and watch for children.
1. Where can you often see the signs?| A．In a factory. | B．On a farm. | C．On the road. | D．In the class. |
| A．Slow down. | B．Enter a road at that point. |
| C．Have to come to a full stop. | D．Should be alert for wildlife in the area. |
| A．US states have the same law about seat belts. |
| B．All the people in a car should buckle up in US. |
| C．Pedestrians should walk slowly at a crosswalk. |
| D．Drivers should stop the car at the sign of playground. |
| A．people should stop when seeing Crosswalk sign |
| B．playground sign indicates people should slow down and be careful |
| C．You may not have to come to a full stop when seeing Yield sign |
| D．they should be alert for wildlife in the area with “Be alert for bears” sign |
