English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mails are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.
However, let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweetmeats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.
We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探讨它的矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.
And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese — so one moose, two meese?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects (反映) the creativity of human beings. That’s why, when stars are out, they are visible (能看见的); but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it.
1. According to the passage ______.A.boxing rings should be round |
B.pineapples are the apples on the pine tree |
C.there should be an egg in an eggplant |
D.sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things |
A.Beeth. | B.Meese. |
C.Geese. | D.Tooth. |
A.Quite a lot and quite a few. |
B.Overlook and oversee. |
C.A wise man and a wise guy. |
D.Hot as hell and cold as hell. |
A.lazy | B.crazy | C.clever | D.stupid |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence “How do you do?” as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Languages do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’s important to master the rules for word order in the study of English, too. If the speaker puts words in a wrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn’t change. Let’s see the difference between the two pairs of sentences.
“She only likes apples.”
“Only she likes apples.”
“I have seen the film already.”
“I have already seen the film.”
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit(实质) of the language and use it as the English speaker does.
1. From the passage we know that _______when we are learning English.A.we shouldn’t put every word into our own language |
B.we should look up every word in the dictionary |
C.we need to put every word into our own language |
D.we must read word by word |
A.difficult to understand different sounds |
B.possible to remember the word order |
C.important to master the rules in different ways |
D.easy to master the rules for word order |
A.is the same as “Only she likes apples.” |
B.is different from “Only she likes apples.” |
C.means “She likes fruit except apples.” |
D.means “She doesn’t like apples.” |
A.the meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words |
B.The order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence |
C.sometimes different order of words has a different meaning |
D.if the order of words is different, the meaning of the sentence must be different |
【推荐2】When I was 16 years old,I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn’t the first time I had been abroad. Like most English children,I learned French at school and I had often been to France,so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn’t understand English. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problems.
How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a ring and tell her that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking like being lost and asked if he could help me.
“Yes,” I said.“I want to give my friend a ring.”
“Well,that’s nice,” he said.“Are you getting married? But aren’t you a bit young?”
“Who is talking about marriage?” I replied.“I just want to give my friend a ring to tell her I’ve arrived. Can you tell me where there’s a phone box?”
“Oh!” he said.“There’s a phone downstairs.”
When at last we did meet up,Danny explained the misunderstanding to me.
“Don’t worry,” she said to me.“I had many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which the Americans use differently in meaning from us British. You’ll soon get used to all the funny things they say. But most of the time British and American people can understand each other!”
1. Where was the writer from?A.He was from America. |
B.He was from France. |
C.He was from England. |
D.He was from China. |
A.to buy a ring for his friend |
B.to make a call to his friend |
C.to go to the telephone company |
D.his friend to see him off |
A.means the same in America as in England |
B.means “call somebody” to the old man |
C.means “be going to get married” |
D.has different meanings in America and in England |
【推荐3】The word hobby has an interesting history, and so does the concept of the hobby itself. Cultural attitudes have changed greatly about which ones are worth pursuing, and indeed whether having a hobby is desirable at all.
It is probably safe to say that when hobby was first used in the 15th century, most people didn’t have one, as it referred to a particular kind of horse. A hobby was a small horse that could “amble”(漫步), a particularly smooth, quick gait(步态)that was prized for long rides over terrible roads. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word is a shortened form of Hobbin, the name for a cart-horse, like Rover for a dog.
The hobby also had a part in medieval folk celebrations. Mummers and Morris dancers often included a person or two dressed up in horse costume, or pretending to ride a wooden stick with a horse’s head. Such hobbyhorses made popular children’s toys, too. Since hobbyhorses were the toys of young children and mime actors, “riding one’s hobby-horse” or being “on one’s hobby” became an idiom for wildly pursuing an idea or activity that looks silly to others.
Hobbies were considered slightly embarrassing, though mostly harmless, through the 18th century. In the 19th century, they grew more socially acceptable as middle-class leisure time increased. It became de rigueur for both men and women to pursue activities that would have seemed strange or shallow a century before.
In the early 20th century, according to historian Steven Gelber, hobbies “got rid of the old stigma of eccentricity(古怪的旧污名)” and came to be seen as a way to fill life with meaning and dignity. With a hobby, people could choose their own goals and progress toward them.
1. What determines whether having a hobby is desirable?A.History | B.Concept | C.Cultural attitudes | D.Pursuits |
A.Hobby was referred to a horse in 19th century. |
B.“Riding one’s hobby-horse” is a positive expression to describe a person’s enthusiasm about his pursuit. |
C.Hobbies were totally socially acceptable in the 18th century. |
D.Hobbies became desirable in the early 20th century. |
A.Necessary | B.Unsuitable | C.Illegal | D.Changeable |
A.A new concept of the word “hobby” |
B.An evolution of the meaning of the word “hobby” |
C.A trend of narrowing the meaning of the word “hobby” |
D.A new way of the application of the word “hobby” |
【推荐1】For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out. What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging!
“Plogging” began in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word Jogging, which means to run slowly. A Swedish man named Erik, started the movement in 2016. On the World Environment
Day website, Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden each day he would ride his bike to work. Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands.
Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington, D.C. He often picks up trash while running outside. He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping. “I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping. And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run. And it helps clean up the neighborhood,” he announced.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Cities around the world now hold logging events, “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground. We have containers seems on every block. So, it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans. I just think people should think about it a little bit more. I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging.” said an interviewee.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”?A.called on people to join him. | B.appealed to people to go green. |
C.began to pick up the trash. | D.had the collected trash recycled. |
A.Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment. |
B.Plogging is an easy way to clean the environment. |
C.It doesn’t make any sense to joy without picking up trash. |
D.It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging. |
A.Jogging is truly beneficial. | B.Trash cans should be within reach. |
C.Littering is not acceptable. | D.Communities should be kept clean. |
A.New Exercise Enjoys unbelievable popularity |
B.New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment |
C.Plogging — a Fashionable Way to clear waste |
D.Plogging — an Exercise Originating in Sweden |
【推荐2】In ancient Greece, festivals were an essential part of their culture. These festivals were celebrated in honor of various gods and goddesses and were a way for people to come together and celebrate their beliefs.
One of the most important festivals in ancient Greece was the Eleusinian Mysteries. This festival was held in honor of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture and fertility (丰产). The Eleusinian Mysteries were a series of rituals (仪式) that celebrated the cycle of life and death. Participants would go through a process that involved fasting (斋戒), purification, and secret rituals.
The Dionysia was another significant festival in ancient Greece. This festival was intended for Dionysus, the god of wine, fertility, and theater. The Dionysia consisted of several days of dinning, drinking wine, and watching plays performed by playwrights such as Sophocles and Euripides.
Festivals were not just about honoring gods; they also served as a way for people to come together as a community. During festivals, people would gather in public spaces to socialize, watch performances or sporting events, or participate in religious ceremonies.
In addition to these major festivals, there were many other smaller festivals throughout ancient Greece that celebrated local traditions or honored specific gods or goddesses. These festivals varied from region to region but all shared the common purpose of bringing people together to celebrate their beliefs.
In conclusion, festivals played an important role in ancient Greek culture as they provided opportunities for people to come together and celebrate their shared culture. These festivals were not just about honoring the gods; they were also a way for people to socialize and participate in community events. The use of festivals as a means of cultural expression is still popular in modern times, and serves as a proof to the enduring treasure of ancient Greece.
1. What’s the function of festivals in Greece?A.Chances for people to know other cultures. |
B.Honor to people’s glorious process of life. |
C.Rewards for people’s devotion to the society. |
D.Religious themes and occasions for gatherings. |
A.To hold a music party. | B.To have a big dinner party. |
C.To honor the rich gift from nature. | D.To put on plays written by famous people. |
A.social contacts | B.people’s show of talents. |
C.volunteer activities | D.choices of the good tradition |
A.The Major Festivals in Greece. | B.Reasons Behind Festivals in Greece. |
C.Activities in Greek Festivals. | D.Changes about Festivals in Greece. |
【推荐3】The ancient village of Machu Picchu is one of the most popular tourist destinations in South America. It’s in Peru, high in the Andes Mountains, 8, 000 feet above sea level.
The village contains 200 buildings. Houses are in groups, and each house has a large courtyard inside its walls. The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals. The Incas were very good at building strong walls. Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home.
Machu Picchu seemed to be a healthy, busy village. So why was it lost? That is a mystery, but experts have some ideas. Machu Picchu was hard to reach. Few people outside the village knew about it. Experts think that many residents died of disease. Others fought a war. The survivors left the village.
The tourists are good for Peru’s economy, but they are not good for Machu Picchu. The village is old and fragile. Tourists damage the ruins. Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people’s hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones. Tourists do not want to damage the village, but they want to see this beautiful, ancient place.
The Peruvian government and conservation groups are trying to solve the problem. A group from the United Nations wants to limit the number of tourists each year. They also want cars and buses to use cleaner fuel.
1. What crops did the Incas grow?A.Rice and beans. | B.Tomatoes and peas. |
C.Wheat and peas. | D.Potatoes and corn. |
A.The Incas knew how to make good use of the land. |
B.Visitors still cannot fit a knife between the stones. |
C.Footsteps wear down the walkways in the village. |
D.Each house has a large courtyard inside its walls. |
A.Beautiful. | B.Terrible. | C.Clean. | D.Weak. |
A.Air pollution. | B.Feet on the walkways. |
C.The shape of the land. | D.Hands on the walls. |