In 2002, an Australian man went to his friend’s 2lst birthday party. He got drunk, tripped on some steps and cut his lip. He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum. “And sorry about the focus,” he wrote, “it was a selfie.” That was the first recorded use of the world “selfie”. Word of the Year for 2013, in honour of the term that had taken over the world thanks to millions of smart phone self-portraits and the resulting shares on social media.
So what does the choice of the word say about our culture? Mary Elizabeth Williams, writing in Salon magazine, says the word reminds us that contemporary culture is defined by our narcissism (自恋). Megan Jackson from a local newspaper points out a selfie may only focus on appearance.
Selfies invite judgment based on appearance alone. What kind of cultural influence does this have on women? Erin Gloria Ryun on Jezebel says selfies teach young woman to obsess over their appearance and judge themselves on the basis of beauty rather than accomplishments. “They’re a reflection of the way we teach girls to see themselves as decorative,” said Ryun.
In Slate magazine, Rachel Simmons has the opposite view. She argues that selfies are an example of young women promoting themselves and taking control of their own self-presentation. Think of each one, she says, as “a tiny pulse of girl pride—a shout-out to the self”.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about the first use of “selfie”?A.An Australian man created it to celebrate his friend’s 21st birthday. |
B.It was created by chance when a drunken man shared his photo online. |
C.The Oxford Dictionary gave it credit for the creation of smart phone. |
D.The social media were so advanced that they made the word transmitted. |
A.Mary Elizabeth. | B.Megan Jackson. |
C.Erin Gloria Ryun. | D.Rachel Simmons. |
A.the introduction of the word “selfie” | B.the choice of the word “selfie” |
C.the history of the word “selfie” | D.the characteristics of the word “selfie” |
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【推荐1】Enjoying her tea and book, a young woman sits alone in a café. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad and then shows her words to a passing café waiter: “Where are the toilets please?” This is a very scene in Tokyo’s so-called “silent cafes”, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
Although some people don’t like silent cafes, the concept gains its popularity by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures. The growing social isolation also contributing to its appearance, young people get used to the saying “Leave me alone.” The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation—free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a “one woman wedding” —a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression—“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
In order to enjoy some solo time, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off. When asked about the reason, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it’s always very busy and tough. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it’s a big and fast-paced city, which I don’t always like. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
1. Which of the following may account for the idea of “silent cafes” in Japan?A.The change in family support structures. | B.The steady economic situation. |
C.The rising appeal for privacy. | D.The rapid development of the Internet. |
A.People can’t speak in the silent cafes, except the waiter. |
B.Not all the people favor the idea of “silent cafes”. |
C.There are no toilets in the silent cafes. |
D.The silent cafes can cure people’s depression thoroughly. |
A.She doesn’t like her career as a nurse. |
B.She doesn’t like the fast-paced life in big cities. |
C.She travelled to Tokyo on her work days. |
D.She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place. |
A.Anew social trend in Japan | B.Lonely Japanese |
C.Leave behind your work | D.Silent cafes, great satisfaction |
【推荐2】What is identity theft?
Identity theft occurs when someone steals your personal information to take over your credit accounts, open new ones, access bank accounts, or commit many other crimes in your name and at your expense. When it strikes, the effects can be disastrous. What’s more, because it frequently involves no physical theft, identity theft may not be noticed by its victims until significant damage has already been done-often several months and thousands of pounds later. It’s estimated that more than 100, 000 people are affected by identity theft in the UK each year, costing the British economy over £1.3 billion annually.
How does it happen?
These are some of the ways crooks get hold of your personal information:
• Fake emails
You may receive an email seemingly from, say, your bank requesting that you follow a link and key information into a website that looks very similar to your bank’s own site but is in fact a fake.
• Pretext phone calls
A crook pretending to be an official from, for example, your bank may phone up asking you to give personal or account details as a security check.
• Dishonest people
Sometimes sales assistants,unbeknown(不知情的) to you, swipe your card through a machine which records its details. At the workplace, a fellow employee can use your personal details fraudulently.
How can you protect yourself?
Be careful who you give your personal details to, and tear up documents like credit-card slips before you throw them away. Don’t make this serious crime easy for crooks!
1. What do we know about identity theft according to the passage?A.It is a frequent physical theft. |
B.It is only committed by strangers. |
C.It is easy to be noticed by victims. |
D.It is costly to individuals and society. |
A.you receive an email from your bank |
B.you give personal details to a fake website |
C.you are requested to pay in cash by sales assistants |
D.you tear bank documents before throwing them away |
A.A financial survey. | B.A book review. |
C.A security report. | D.A history paper. |
【推荐3】Men aren’t typically known for their shopping power. As the “She economy” became a buzz phrase in business magazines, the ever-expanding Chinese female middle class has been eagerly pursued by consumer brands from cosmetics to electronics. For some companies, that means there is a huge missed opportunity in the male market, especially given the fast-rising living standards across the most populous country on the earth and a male population that’s increasingly longing for a better quality of life.
Those instincts appear to be largely on point, according to the latest report on male consumption trends conducted by Suning Institute of Finance. The author of the report, the institute’s Senior Researcher Fu Yifu, concluded the male-oriented (男性导向的) market in China has great potential after observing three specific shopping habits of Chinese men in recent years: widened category, improved awareness and increased online consumption.
These trends are particularly noticeable in the country’s tech-adapted Millennial and Gen-Z populations, who have warmly embraced some special-interest consumer culture in other parts of the world through the Internet, such as the sneakerhead subculture, as a way to express their individuality. More importantly, many are willing to spend a fortune on it.
Also, nowadays, many Chinese men are definitely looking to lead more refined lives. The desire for “refined lives” has been channeled strongly through the pursuance of a more polished look-lighter skin, longer eyelashes and bigger eyes. These features are widely considered to be desirable traits for modern Chinese men.
JACB, which stands for “just a cool brand”, is one of the Chinese start-ups looking to capitalize on men’s increasing desire for a finer appearance. While most male cosmetic products today still focus on fixing skin problems such as acne (粉刺), JACB is pioneering the “men makeup” category with products such as BB cream for men. And the company mainly targets men in their 20s and early 30s, as they are more accepting of the new trends.
“The individual’s awakening in consumption has helped drive the men-oriented market to new heights that we are seeing today,” Fu said. “Chinese men have learned to buy skincare products, expensive suits, watches and luxury cars as a way to show their personal abilities.”
1. What may have given chance to the male market?A.Men desire to have a better quality of life. | B.Men spend more time on consumption. |
C.Men expect to raise their living standards. | D.Men pursue some consumer brands. |
A.They are addicted to the Internet. | B.They are eager to spend a fortune. |
C.They are reluctant to express themselves. | D.They are keen on some consumer culture. |
A.Educated. | B.Precise. | C.Elegant. | D.Polite. |
A.The awakening of individual consumption. | B.The rise of male-oriented economy. |
C.The potential of special-interest culture. | D.The desire for a finer appearance. |
【推荐1】My fourth-grader came home from school crying recently, after discovering that she hadn’t been invited to a birthday party. I wanted to join in her pity party.
I, too, had just seen pictures of a gathering on social media. I was asleep by 9:00 that night, unaware of all the fun things that were happening.
I always assumed that FOMO (fear of missing out) was a feeling reserved for kids and teens. But FOMO affects every age group. In fact, there’s a scientific explanation for FOMO: Our survival as a species is based on being included in group activities. In order to survive, we must share resources and work as a team.
In a 2018 study published in Motivation and Emotion, researchers found that FOMO is felt by everyone, regardless of their personality. And while FOMO was originally based on survival, today it is associated with sleep problems, fatigue and stress.
When scrolling through social media, we see the best versions of people’s lives and we think we should be doing something to feel more fulfilled and satisfied, instead of focusing on activities that actually give us joy, said Meha Agrawal, founder and CEO of Silk & Sonder, a self-care and mental wellness subscription experience for women.
Cutting back on your social media time would help curtail your FOMO feelings. But you can also decide to change your thinking. “You always get to choose your thoughts,” said Vikki Louise, an anxiety coach. “The concept of missing out is subjective: You always decide if you are missing out.”
Additionally, connecting with the reasons you chose not to participate and owning your choice can go a long way, said Adi Jaffe, mental health expert and lecturer at UCLA. This is true even if you didn’t actually make the choice to be excluded.
1. How did the author reacted to her daughter’s incident?A.She didn’t approve of her daughter’s sadness. |
B.She wanted to throw a party for her daughter. |
C.She herself wanted to cry about missing fun things. |
D.She tried to comfort and cheer up her daughter. |
A.People want to do more in their work or personal lives. |
B.People would like to feel more fulfilled and satisfied. |
C.Joining others in more fun activities is human nature. |
D.Being included is originally a need for survival. |
A.It can lead to sleep issues and stress. |
B.It helps us achieve more in work and life. |
C.It gives us joy and a sense of belonging. |
D.It makes people do more fulfilling things. |
A.My Forth-Grader’s Pity Party | B.Feelings Helping Humans Survive |
C.The Scientific Explanation for FOMO | D.FOMO: Reasons, Effect and Solution |
【推荐2】Colour saturation(饱和) refers to the intensity(强度) of the reds, greens and blues. Photos high in colour saturation make food look fresher and tastier to viewers, which increases their willingness to order the menu items, a new study suggests. “In the restaurant business, these results provide a simple method to increase sales,” said Stephanie Liu, lead author of the study and associate professor of hospitality management at the Ohio State University. “On Instagram, it means using the ‘X-Pro Ⅱ’ filter(滤镜) on your food photos rather than the ‘Early bird’ filter. It costs nothing, so it’s an easy win for restaurant marketers.
In one survey, 267 participants were asked to imagine themselves looking through options on an online food-ordering platform. They were shown photos of a poke bowl, a Hawaiian dish featuring fish, vegetables and sauce over rice. They were randomly asked to view one of the four different photos with either high or low colour saturation and either close or farther away visual distance. The food in the more highly-saturated photos looked fresher and tastier to participants, and that led them to be more likely to purchase the food. But colour saturation had a stronger effect when the food appeared more distant in the photos. “When the food is shown close up, it’s already easy for the viewers to imagine how fresh and tasty the food would be,” Liu said. “Colour saturation is not as necessary.”
In the second survey, 222 online participants were asked to imagine they were looking through photos of pizza from a restaurant near their home. They were told they would either be eating alone or with their family. As in the previous study, the food in the colour-saturated photo was always seen as fresher and tastier and one that people would be more likely to buy. But that effect was stronger for people who were told they would be eating alone. “When people are eating with others, the social experience is a big part of what people look forward to,” Liu said. “But when they are eating alone, they focus more on the food itself.”
“These findings are more important now than ever before,” Liu said. “With people ordering online, restaurants have to post pictures of their food on online ordering platforms. They should pay more attention to the photos they post as they do to the text. Colour saturation is one key element they need to focus on.”
1. What is a direct effect of the “X-Pro Ⅱ” filter according to Stephanie Liu?A.Strengthening the “Early bird” filter. |
B.Keeping colour saturation low. |
C.Making food in photos more appealing. |
D.Increasing the variety of menu items. |
A.When the food appears farther to the observer. |
B.When the poke bowl contains more food. |
C.When the food is fresher and tastier in reality. |
D.When the visual distance of the food is shorter. |
A.They take social experience into consideration. |
B.They choose food that is easier to obtain. |
C.They want the food to be fresher and tastier. |
D.They pay more attention to colour saturation. |
A.How Colour Speaks for Menu Items Online |
B.How Colour Saturation Affects People |
C.How Colour Brings Benefits to Ordering Platforms |
D.How Colour in Photos Makes Food Look Tastier |
【推荐3】For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions (情绪). People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be “cold-blooded”. For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. He seems to kill for no reason and no emotion, as if taking someone’s life as nothing.
Cold can influence other parts of the body. However, the expression “get cold feet” has nothing to do with cold or your feet. The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other members have resigned (辞职), and all the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
The expression “give someone the cold shoulder” probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise. Or, to someone who has lied about you to others.
“A cold fish” is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone. Someone who is a cold fish could be “cold-hearted”. Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy. Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers.
“Out in the cold” means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody except him got a pay raise (涨工资). He was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be in.
1. When you refuse to speak to a friend lying to you, you may express by “________”.A.I give him the cold shoulder | B.I think he is a cold-blooded man |
C.I think he is a cold fish | D.I’m likely to get cold feet |
A.She is a cold fish. | B.She is out in the cold. |
C.She is a cold-blooded killer. | D.She gets cold feet. |
A.Cold-blooded. | B.Cold shoulder. | C.Cold feet. | D.Cold-hearted. |
A.5 | B.6 | C.7 | D.8 |