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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:142 题号:17007212

This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments. The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted. In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever. And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.

Why are all of these places suffering extreme heat at the same time? Climate change has made heatwaves more frequent. Very hot temperatures that were once rare occur more frequently and heatwaves that were once impossible come to pass. The temperatures in Britain this week fit into the second category(II),says Richard Betts, a climate researcher with the British Met Office. Similarly, modelling carried out by the World Weather Attribution group, a research coalition, found that last year’s unprecedented heatwave in the Pacific Northwest would have been ”virtually impossible“ without climate change. New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.

Whatever the cause, the consequences are disastrous. Heatwaves kill people and worsen existing health conditions. Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices. Other systems are at risk, too. Heat can disrupt everything from manufacturing to transport. Last weak factories in Zhejiang province in China were forced to ration(定量供应)power to ensure enough supply for air-conditioners in nearby homes. Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. In an interconnected world,regions rely on each other to cope with disaster. Which becomes much harder when the disasters arc happening in many places at once.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.
B.The new temperature record has been set in some areas.
C.Natural disasters are increasing due to the extreme heat.
D.Many places arc actively fighting against extreme heat.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.There used to be frequent heatwaves and high temperatures.
B.The British feel more comfortable when the temperature is II.
C.One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.
D.It is impossible to experience extreme heat in Pacific Northwest.
3. What problem would heatwaves cause globally according to the last paragraph?
A.Low birth rate.
B.High crop price.
C.Less factories
D.Global warming.
4. What does the underlined pronoun “that” refer to in the last paragraph?
A.Stretching energy grids.
B.Rationing power in factories.
C.Generating power.
D.Moving electricity across borders.
【知识点】 说明文 人与环境

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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养成良好习惯的重要性以及怎样才是好的饮食习惯。

【推荐1】A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong, so take care of what you eat.

There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups, with all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.

It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time, But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.

Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.

1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A.Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B.Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C.Corn, fish, cream and pork.D.Rice, bean curd, apples, fish and chicken.
2. Which of the following is a good eating habit?
A.Going to school without any breakfast.
B.Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
C.Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.
D.Finishing your lunch in a very short time.
3. The underlined word “dairy” in the second paragraph means __________.
A.the food made out of cows such as milk and butter
B.the shop that sells milk and butter
C.a farm where cows are kept
D.a place where milk products are made
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【推荐2】More than a quarter of parents use a device to track or monitor their kids’ online activity, finds a survey from Common Sense Media and Survey Monkey. It’s far more than the percentage of teens (15%) who think their parents are tracking or monitoring what they do online. Whether all that snooping (调查) is effective seems unclear. Only 30% of teens who responded to the survey said their parents were “extremely” aware or “very” aware of what they do online. By comparison, 52% of parents believed they were “very” aware of their kids’ web activity.

There’s a pretty big difference between parents who say they know and what kids say parents know,” said Michael Robb, director of research for Common Sense Media. The online survey was among a national sample of 884 teens and 3,282 parents of teens.

Options for tracking kids’ online activities vary from tools for your router capable of tracking the websites users visit to apps letting you review your child’s smart phone call logs and text messages.

Devorah Heitner, author of the book Screen Wise: Helping Kids Thrive (and Survive) In Their Digital World, suggests mentoring kids about best online practices instead of monitoring. If parents do choose to monitor, they should talk with their kids first. “You have to really ask yourself what you think you’re going to learn by monitoring your kid,” she said, “What’s your plan of action if you see something that concerns you?”

Other findings from the survey: Snapchat is the app that causes the most anxiety for parents. The survey found 29% said the messaging apps make them most nervous, followed by Facebook at 16%.Teens don't like Facebook as much as Snapchat or Instagram. More than three-quarters of teens said they use both messaging apps, but only 49% said they use Facebook, while 42% said they use Twitter.

Robb said Common Sense Media plans to partner with Survey Monkey on future online polls because the pace of technology is so rapid. “These surveys will be a quicker way to take the pulse of parents and teens.”

1. Which of the following is true according to the survey?
A.Snapchat is the biggest worry for both parents and kids
B.Some parents choose to use apps to track their kids’ online activity.
C.Twitter will cooperate with Facebook on future online polls.
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2. By mentioning “There’s a pretty big difference between parents who say they know and what kids say parents know” in Paragraph 2, the author intends to ________.
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D.indicate that the number of parents tracking teens online is beyond the kids’ imagination
3. Which of the following opinions will Devorah Heitner most probably agree with?
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B.Parents should communicate with their kids while monitoring their online activities.
C.Parents need to ask their kids permission before guiding them about online activities.
D.Parents must often reflect on their purpose of monitoring their kids’ online activities.
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
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B.Teens don’t like Facebook at all.
C.Michael Robb is confident of the future online polls.
D.Common Sense Media plans to partner with Survey Monkey in the future.
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【推荐3】Hamburgers were first introduced to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first fast-food restaurant chain opened its doors in 1921. However, it was only after World War II that fast food became popular in the whole country.

After designing their hamburger restaurant to make food in a simpler and more effective way,the McDonald brothers reduced the costs of production. They ended up earning $275,000 by 1951which was quite a fortune for a small restaurant at that time. Along with other pioneers in the fast-food business, by 1990 fast-food restaurants had taken over the American landscape. Today, at least 50 million Americans are fed by more than 180.000 fast-food restaurants every day.

When analyzing these data, we might find it shocking that the decline of our health has moved in direct proportion(比例) to the rise of fast-food consumption.This,sadly, is not a coincidence(巧合) Since1990, various kinds of fast food have led to more consumption of calories compared to homemade meals.

The US government has conducted several surveys on this issue, and they have pointed out some alarming facts. Fast food and ultra-processed snacks are now taking the lead in more and more Americans’ daily diets. Rather than healthy food, more people prefer quick, easy treats with high calories like fried chicken and potato chips. Moreover, according to the surveys, fast-food consumption has more than doubled since the 1970s among people aged between 19 and 39. In a relatively short period of time, the fast-food industry has changed not only the way Americans eat, but also their economy and cultural landscape.The rapid development of the fast-food industry alsotriggersthe problem of increased overweight population in the US.

1. What are the first two paragraphs about?
A.The development of the fast-food industry in the world.
B.The booming of the fast-food industry in the US.
C.The influence of fast food on our health
D.The relationship between fast food and our lifestyle.
2. What does the underlined word "triggers" in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.To reduceB.To causeC.To increaseD.To remove
3. What is the author's attitude toward fast food?
A.SupportiveB.UnconcernedC.NegativeD.Unclear
4. The passage is probably followed by a paragraph about_______?
A.the influence of fast food on the economy
B.the development of fast-food industry
C.the solutions to the problem of overweight population
D.the relationship between fast food and overweight
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