This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40’C were forecast in Britain. Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments. The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted. In mainland Europe, things were bleaker still. After weeks of drought, a heatwave sparked wildfires in France, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever. And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.
Why are all of these places suffering extreme heat at the same time? Climate change has made heatwaves more frequent. Very hot temperatures that were once rare occur more frequently and heatwaves that were once impossible come to pass. The temperatures in Britain this week fit into the second category(II),says Richard Betts, a climate researcher with the British Met Office. Similarly, modelling carried out by the World Weather Attribution group, a research coalition, found that last year’s unprecedented heatwave in the Pacific Northwest would have been ”virtually impossible“ without climate change. New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.
Whatever the cause, the consequences are disastrous. Heatwaves kill people and worsen existing health conditions. Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer, as happened this spring in India. In three northern states, yields probably fell by between 10%-35%. If several “breadbasket” arc as are affected there will be worldwide shortages, pushing up prices. Other systems are at risk, too. Heat can disrupt everything from manufacturing to transport. Last weak factories in Zhejiang province in China were forced to ration(定量供应)power to ensure enough supply for air-conditioners in nearby homes. Heatwaves often stretch energy grids(电网)to breaking point. In places where electricity is moved across borders, a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid. But simultaneous(同时的)heatwaves make that complicated. In an interconnected world,regions rely on each other to cope with disaster. Which becomes much harder when the disasters arc happening in many places at once.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Extreme heat breaks out across the globe. |
B.The new temperature record has been set in some areas. |
C.Natural disasters are increasing due to the extreme heat. |
D.Many places arc actively fighting against extreme heat. |
A.There used to be frequent heatwaves and high temperatures. |
B.The British feel more comfortable when the temperature is II. |
C.One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities. |
D.It is impossible to experience extreme heat in Pacific Northwest. |
A.Low birth rate. |
B.High crop price. |
C.Less factories |
D.Global warming. |
A.Stretching energy grids. |
B.Rationing power in factories. |
C.Generating power. |
D.Moving electricity across borders. |
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【推荐1】A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong, so take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups, with all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time, But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?A.Eggs, tomatoes and chicken. | B.Milk, bread, cabbages and beef. |
C.Corn, fish, cream and pork. | D.Rice, bean curd, apples, fish and chicken. |
A.Going to school without any breakfast. |
B.Eating fish and chips for supper all the time. |
C.Having at least one food from all four groups each meal. |
D.Finishing your lunch in a very short time. |
A.the food made out of cows such as milk and butter |
B.the shop that sells milk and butter |
C.a farm where cows are kept |
D.a place where milk products are made |
【推荐2】More than a quarter of parents use a device to track or monitor their kids’ online activity, finds a survey from Common Sense Media and Survey Monkey. It’s far more than the percentage of teens (15%) who think their parents are tracking or monitoring what they do online. Whether all that snooping (调查) is effective seems unclear. Only 30% of teens who responded to the survey said their parents were “extremely” aware or “very” aware of what they do online. By comparison, 52% of parents believed they were “very” aware of their kids’ web activity.
“There’s a pretty big difference between parents who say they know and what kids say parents know,” said Michael Robb, director of research for Common Sense Media. The online survey was among a national sample of 884 teens and 3,282 parents of teens.
Options for tracking kids’ online activities vary from tools for your router capable of tracking the websites users visit to apps letting you review your child’s smart phone call logs and text messages.
Devorah Heitner, author of the book Screen Wise: Helping Kids Thrive (and Survive) In Their Digital World, suggests mentoring kids about best online practices instead of monitoring. If parents do choose to monitor, they should talk with their kids first. “You have to really ask yourself what you think you’re going to learn by monitoring your kid,” she said, “What’s your plan of action if you see something that concerns you?”
Other findings from the survey: Snapchat is the app that causes the most anxiety for parents. The survey found 29% said the messaging apps make them most nervous, followed by Facebook at 16%.Teens don't like Facebook as much as Snapchat or Instagram. More than three-quarters of teens said they use both messaging apps, but only 49% said they use Facebook, while 42% said they use Twitter.
Robb said Common Sense Media plans to partner with Survey Monkey on future online polls because the pace of technology is so rapid. “These surveys will be a quicker way to take the pulse of parents and teens.”
1. Which of the following is true according to the survey?A.Snapchat is the biggest worry for both parents and kids |
B.Some parents choose to use apps to track their kids’ online activity. |
C.Twitter will cooperate with Facebook on future online polls. |
D.Kids are aware that over 25% of parents use a device to track their online activity. |
A.inform that the snooping seems to be ineffective |
B.warn that the kids are being monitored by their parents |
C.predict that more and more parents will monitor their kids’ online activities |
D.indicate that the number of parents tracking teens online is beyond the kids’ imagination |
A.Parents had better not monitor their kids’ online activities. |
B.Parents should communicate with their kids while monitoring their online activities. |
C.Parents need to ask their kids permission before guiding them about online activities. |
D.Parents must often reflect on their purpose of monitoring their kids’ online activities. |
A.It is too young for kids to go online. |
B.Teens don’t like Facebook at all. |
C.Michael Robb is confident of the future online polls. |
D.Common Sense Media plans to partner with Survey Monkey in the future. |
【推荐3】Hamburgers were first introduced to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first fast-food restaurant chain opened its doors in 1921. However, it was only after World War II that fast food became popular in the whole country.
After designing their hamburger restaurant to make food in a simpler and more effective way,the McDonald brothers reduced the costs of production. They ended up earning $275,000 by 1951which was quite a fortune for a small restaurant at that time. Along with other pioneers in the fast-food business, by 1990 fast-food restaurants had taken over the American landscape. Today, at least 50 million Americans are fed by more than 180.000 fast-food restaurants every day.
When analyzing these data, we might find it shocking that the decline of our health has moved in direct proportion(比例) to the rise of fast-food consumption.This,sadly, is not a coincidence(巧合) Since1990, various kinds of fast food have led to more consumption of calories compared to homemade meals.
The US government has conducted several surveys on this issue, and they have pointed out some alarming facts. Fast food and ultra-processed snacks are now taking the lead in more and more Americans’ daily diets. Rather than healthy food, more people prefer quick, easy treats with high calories like fried chicken and potato chips. Moreover, according to the surveys, fast-food consumption has more than doubled since the 1970s among people aged between 19 and 39. In a relatively short period of time, the fast-food industry has changed not only the way Americans eat, but also their economy and cultural landscape.The rapid development of the fast-food industry alsotriggersthe problem of increased overweight population in the US.
1. What are the first two paragraphs about?A.The development of the fast-food industry in the world. |
B.The booming of the fast-food industry in the US. |
C.The influence of fast food on our health |
D.The relationship between fast food and our lifestyle. |
A.To reduce | B.To cause | C.To increase | D.To remove |
A.Supportive | B.Unconcerned | C.Negative | D.Unclear |
A.the influence of fast food on the economy |
B.the development of fast-food industry |
C.the solutions to the problem of overweight population |
D.the relationship between fast food and overweight |
【推荐1】Unlike thousands of tourists who hike in Yellowstone National Park to admire its natural landscape and hot springs every year, Abdelrhman Mohamed was traveling with a team of scientists to hunt for life within the hot springs.
After several hours of hiking in the Heart Lake Geyser Basin area, the team found four unpolluted pools of hot water. They carefully left a few electrodes (电极) placed into the land next to the water, hoping to attract little-known creatures out of hiding — bacteria (细菌) that can “ eat and breathe ” electricity.
After 32 days, the team returned to the hot springs to collect the electrodes. Working with other scientists, Mohamed had a look at the electrodes and found that they had succeeded in catching their small game: heat-loving bacteria that “ breathe ” electricity through the hard surface of the electrodes. These tiny creatures are not only of research interest, they may also hold a key to solving some of the biggest challenges facing humans.
As a means of fighting environmental pollution and creating more energy sources, such bacteria can “ eat ” pollution by changing deadly pollutants into less harmful matter and producing electricity in the process. “ As these bacteria pass their electrons (电子) into metals or other hard surfaces, they can produce a stream of electricity that can be used for low power applications, ” said Haluk Beyenal, a famous university professor of chemistry.
Though the researchers did not detail exactly how they would be continuing their work with the bacteria, it will hopefully lead to an exciting new tool for fighting climate change and pollution in the near future.
1. Why did the scientists hike in Yellowstone National Park?A.To enjoy its good view. | B.To look for fresh water. |
C.To find the cause of pollution. | D.To search for special bacteria. |
A.Its purpose. | B.Its finding. | C.Its conclusion. | D.Its significance. |
A.By breaking down harmful matter with electricity. |
B.By creating more energy sources in hot water. |
C.By using low-power apps for environmental protection. |
D.By sopping the pollutants producing electricity. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Concerned. | C.Positive. | D.Unfriendly. |
【推荐2】Seven of the world’s 15 most aid-dependent countries are islands in the Pacific.
Many of the ring-shaped coral islands have been able to adapt to sea-level rise, changing shape as sediment (沉积物) decreases and waves push them around. But the natural adaptation of coastal ecosystems may be only temporary: faster rates of sea-level rise, stronger waves and a growing human population may lower their ability to adapt.
Another risk more urgent comes from even small rises in the sea level. These can cause extremely high tides to briefly but entirely cover the narrow parts of low-lying land.
A.It is important |
B.That is one risk |
C.The islands are not drowning |
D.Such “king tides” are becoming more frequent |
E.The depressing long-term solution may be to move |
F.Tales of sinking islands have been going on for years |
G.People can ask for help from the international organizations |
【推荐3】Listening to birds and water can lower stress and improve mood, study finds. Researchers have long known there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. Being near water can have positive effects on your well-being.
A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too. There is plenty of evidence that spending time in natural areas is good for our health-but typically this research is done from a visual perspective, but we are curious what the role is of sounds we hear in these spaces.
Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive(认知的) function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States.
The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban areas. Only three locations with high natural sounds and low noise pollution were within 100 kilometers(62 miles)of urban areas.
However, despite human-made noises being heard most of the time at sites in urban locations, birds were still heard about 60% of the time and geophysical sounds like wind and rain heard about 19% of the time.
Not all natural sounds deliver the same benefits, the researchers found. For example, they discovered that the sounds of water had the largest impact on improving positive emotions and health outcomes, while bird sounds ease stress and annoyance. And the sounds of both birds and water were heard more than 23% of the time in the national park recording sites.
Interestingly, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds-more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird-have benefits over fewer sounds.
1. What is an ideal site according to paragraph 4?A.It has no noise pollution. |
B.It is away from cities. |
C.It has bird songs most of the time. |
D.It is within 62 miles of urban areas. |
A.The harm man-made sounds do to health. |
B.The benefits natural sounds bring to the environment. |
C.The effect natural sounds have on health. |
D.The effect nature has on people from visual perspective. |
A.The silence of nature. |
B.The diversity of natural sounds. |
C.The sounds of water. |
D.Natural sounds mixed with noises. |
A.It Is Beneficial to Live Close to Water |
B.We Are Surrounded by All Kinds of Sounds |
C.The Sounds of Nature Affect Your Well-being |
D.Man-made Noise Pollution Is Harmful to Our Health |