【推荐1】Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.
“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.
For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.
Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully   — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.
1. What’s the purpose of children telling lies?

A．To help their friends out.

B．To get rid of trouble.

C．To get attention from others.

D．To create a popular image.

2. The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “      ”.

A．tell lies	B．handle troubles
C．raise questions	D．do research

3. From the second paragraph we can know that       .

A．which factors can reduce lying

B．why some lie more than others

C．it is normal for kids to tell lies

D．how lying changes as kids grow

4. It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A．children’s lies are the same as adults’

B．the better kids are, the more they lie

C．the older kids are, the more they lie

D．kids always keep the truth in their mind

5. What is NOT included in the passage?

A．The reasons why kids tell lies.

B．Which kind of kids tells more lies.

C．Experiments about lying of young kids.

D．What to do with lying children.

【推荐2】Nothing stays the same for long: things and people change.

I grew up on a small farm, where a flock of sheep wandered around the surrounding mountains. My father was not highly educated, but he was smart. He was a man made of leather and chewing tobacco who rarely tried to talk with my brother or me. He was quiet and distant, I might say.     1    

One day I came home and his car was already there.     2     In fact, when he came home, he went to the barn (谷仓) to labour even more. I still remember hiding around the corner and stealing a look at my father lying bitterly on the bed that day. Multiple myeloma, I learned, is a type of blood cancer.     3     For the last year of my father’s life, his entire day consisted of rising from his bed and walking to his chair to sit and think alone.

He was predictably in that chair on his own when I came in.     4     He told me about his life, his heartbreaks and his loves. It was as if a pipe had burst, his inner self rushing out to me in a great flood. He had been speaking for maybe an hour or more when I realized that he was doing more than telling. He was asking to be understood in a way that he had never done before.

    5     I realize, though, that if he hadn’t, I might never have come to know him and love him.

A．My father never missed work.

B．I did not like him very much.

C．He was skillful at any farm work.

D．He became better after some special treatment.

E．I’m certainly not glad that my father got sick.

F．As the disease develops, the person who has it shrinks.

G．What followed still moves me these decades later

【推荐3】Dear strangers, I remember you.

Ten months ago, when my cellphone rang, you were walking into Whole Foods, prepared to go about your food shop But I had already abandoned my cart full of groceries and I stood in the entryway of the store. My brother was telling me my father was dead. And as we hung up the phone, I started to cry and scream as my whole body trembled.

Overwhelmed with emotions, I fell to the floor. and you, kind strangers, you were there You could have kept on walking, ignoring my cries, but you didn’t. You could have simply stopped and stared at my primal (原始的) display: of pain, but you didn’t. Instead you surrounded me as I yelled through my sobs.

I remember in that haze (阴霾) of emotions, one of you asked for my phone and asked who you should call. I remember that I could hear your words as you tried to reach my husband for me, leaving an urgent message on his answering machine for him to call me.

I recall hearing you discuss among yourselves who would drive me home in my car and who would follow that person to bring him back to the store. You didn’t know one another, but it didn’t seem to matter. You encouraged me, a stranger, in the worst moment of my life and you gathered around me with common purpose, to help.

I told you that I had a friend, Pam, who worked at Whole Foods and one of you went in search of her and thankfully, she was there that morning and you brought her to me. I remember the relief I felt at seeing her face familiar and warm. She confronted and cared for me so lovingly until my husband could get to me.

1. Before the author’s brother called her, she ________.

A．was driving and crying

B．was talking with the strangers

C．had filled her cart with groceries

D．had paid for the groceries in her cart

2. The author develops the third paragraph mainly ________.

A．by process	B．by example
C．by comparison	D．by classification

3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

A．One of the strangers knew the author s husband.

B．One stranger reached the author, s husband easily.

C．The strangers wanted to know the author s secrets.

D．The authors husband didn’t answer the phone call.

4. Which of the following can best describe the strangers?

A．Kind and helpful.	B．Clever and outgoing.
C．Cautious and optimistic.	D．Careless but kind-hearted.

【推荐2】Artie Shaw was born in New York City in 1910. His parents were poor persons who had come to the United States from Eastern Europe. At the age of fourteen, he began to play the saxophone(萨克斯管) and then the clarinet(竖笛). From very young age, Artie Shaw wanted to play his clarinet better than anyone. He wanted his sound and music to be perfect, so he began working as a professional musician when he was fifteen, and he left home and began playing in bands across the United States.

In 1927, young Artie Shaw traveled to Chicago, Illinois to hear the great trumpet (小号) player, Louis Armstrong. He immediately understood that Armstrong’s great jazz sound was the beginning of something new and exciting. Artie left Chicago with a growing interest in jazz music. Soon after, he moved to New York City. He got work playing the clarinet for the Columbia Broadcast System radio network in1936. He was given chance to found his band and play at New York’s famous Imperial Theater on Broadway. His group was not the top band in the show. But the crowd loved his music. This proved to be a major step in his career.

In 1938, Artie Shaw and his band recorded what would be one of their most popular songs. It sold millions of records. It still sells several thousand each year. Shaw was surprised that it became so popular. The song is "Begin the Beguine" written by Cole Porter. However, the fame caused problems for Shaw. He could not go anywhere without being recognized. He no longer had a private life.

On Dec. 13th, 2004, Artie Shaw died after a long sickness. He was ninety-four years old. He was the last great musician and bandleader of what has been called the “Big Band Era”.

1. When was Artie Shaw born?

A．In 1936.

B．In1927.

C．In 1938

D．In 1910.

2. How old was Artie Shaw when he founded his own band?

A．Twenty-six.

B．Twenty-seven.

C．Seventeen.

D．Twenty-eight.

3. What can we infer from paragraph 3?

A．Artie Shaw knew his records would be popular.

B．Artie Shaw wanted the fans to recognize him.

C．Artie Shaw's records sold well.

D．Artie Shaw recorded his first record in 1938.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Artie Shaw-a Famous Musician	B．Artie Shaw Made Band Famous
C．Artie Shaw and His Bands	D．Artie Shaw Recorded Many Songs

【推荐3】In 2015, Professor Wang Zhenyi, who specializes in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (急性早幼粒细胞白血病), received a letter of thanks from America. The writer of the letter was Mrs. Berna- dette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.

Working at Ruijin Hospital, Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukenia. He received the country’s highest honor in science and technology in 2010.

Born in 1924 in Shanghai, Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child. His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve (决心) to fight against diseases and rescue patients. With outstanding academic performance, Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital, today’s Ruijin Hospital,

In 1978, a research paper from Israeli experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal. His research didn’t progress as expected, though. In 1983, another research paper shed light on his study. As the paper suggested, after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid, white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal. Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid, Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA, and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient. It turned out successful. After eight years of research, Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.

To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine, Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date. “One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview. “However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”

Having worked in the field of hematopathology for over 70 years, Wang has been well recognized for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.

1. Why did Mrs.Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang?

A．To express her thanks.	B．To ask for medical suggestions.
C．To share her battle against APL.	D．To update information about APL treatment.

2. What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor?

A．His grandmother’s death.	B．The example of a family friend.
C．His great academic achievements.	D．The inspiration from foreign experts.

3. What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Denied.

B．Researched.

C．Predicted.

D．Confirmed.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．The application of ATRA	B．A doctor with a kind heart
C．The Chinese cure for APL patients	D．The remarkable honors a lifesaver got

【推荐1】As a nature photographer, I have to face the wind and the rain, but I still enjoy working outside in the wild. One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.

My favorite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. These huge, strong animals can live for 30 years. Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can run at a speed of around 64 kilometers per hour and are also excellent swimmers.

Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned... and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I forced my finger to press the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.

From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.

1. What was the writer doing when he met with the bear?

A．Walking through a dark forest.	B．Observing an eagle flying in the sky.
C．Sheltering from the wind and the rain.	D．Taking photos of the beautiful scenery.

2. How did the writer feel when seeing the bear?

A．Frightened.

B．Relaxed.

C．Excited.

D．Sad.

3. What does the writer want to tell in the last paragraph?

A．Be a respectable photographer.	B．Stay away from dangerous animals.
C．Get in touch with nature more often.	D．Leave peaceful moments for wild animals.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．An Excellent Photograph	B．An Encounter with Nature
C．A Bear with Thick, Brown Hair	D．A Beautiful Scene with a Flying Eagle