European Cities That Are Making Streets Become Car Free
The quality of life in cities would be so much better if they were car-free. So the following European cities are trying to reduce the number of cars in the streets.
● Copenhagen, Denmark
Beginning in the 1960s, Denmark’s capital pioneered walker-only zones and the city now has over 321 kilometers of bike routes. Over half of the people in Copenhagen ride bicycles to work. Denmark is building a superhighway of 28 routes for bikes that’ll connect the city to its surrounding suburban areas. The first of the routes opened in 2014.
● Hamburg, Germany
The German city is planning on making walking and biking the main forms of transportation by reducing the number of cars allowed in specific areas of the city by 2035. The project calls for a green network of places people can go to without cars, which will cover 40 % of Hamburg. The green network will include parks, playgrounds and sports fields.
● Milan, Italy
In this Italian city, for every day that drivers leave their cars parked at home during working hours, they’ll receive a 1.5 Euro ticket reward good for the use of public transportation. The city has buses, subways, trams (有轨电车) to choose from, so it pays to leave the driving to them.
● Paris, France
In 2017, the French capital announced it would ban diesel (柴油) cars by 2024. Cars that run on gas are expected to be removed by 2030. There’s already an older car ban from the city center for working hours on weekdays. “If you live in Paris and get rid of your car, you can claim benefits of around $ 700 to buy a bike,” according to Fast Company.
1. What is under construction in Denmark?A.A bike-sharing system. | B.More bike-only zones. |
C.A green business network. | D.A superhighway for bikes. |
A.Copenhagen, Denmark. | B.Hamburg, Germany. |
C.Milan, Italy. | D.Paris, France. |
A.2017. | B.2024. | C.2030. | D.2035. |
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【推荐1】The fact that over 1.24 million people lose their lives each year in road accidents is a horrifying statistic that could soon be prevented. It should be of no surprise to understand that the autonomous vehicle industry is predicted to be worth $2.6 trillion a year within 15 years.
What's the future of personal transportation? Well, you'll likely be spending a lot less time behind the wheel, for one. The rise of self-driving cars means that some scenes out of science-fiction flicks(电影)(think Total Recall or I, Robot)are now reality—and even more will be available soon.
Cars today already include many semi-autonomous features, like assisted parking and self-braking systems. And completely autonomous vehicles—able to operate without human control—are rapidly becoming more of a reality. You're probably familiar with Google's version, which has made headlines with its Google Chauffeur software, which the company hopes to bring to market by 2020.
The pros of autonomous cars are many. "The sensors in a self-driving car are always observing, are not affected by the state of the driver(sleepy, angry, etc.), and can scan in multiple directions simultaneously(同时地)," says Dr. Dominique Freckmann, an automotive engineering manager at TE Connectivity, "Autonomous driving is a key aspect of the industry's drive toward safer roadways."
"Recent NHTSA research shows that approximately 94 percent of accidents are caused by human error," adds Alan Amici, a vice president of automotive engineering at TE. "Cars with advanced safety features and eventually, self-driving cars, can significantly reduce the number of collisions. The impact of this innovation can be far-reaching, including reduced demand on emergency response systems and reduced auto insurance and health care costs."
1. What is the author's attitude towards the autonomous vehicle industry?A.Positive. | B.Disapproving. |
C.Uncaring. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Because people believe Google will sell it in 2020. |
B.Because it is the most famous software of the company. |
C.Because people are all familiar with the famous software. |
D.Because it shows completely autonomous vehicles will be true. |
A.Self-driving will cost less than now. |
B.People will easily save a lot of time. |
C.Self-driving will be safer than now. |
D.People will rely more on auto insurance. |
A.To show his adoration of self-driving cars. |
B.To predict the future of personal transportation. |
C.To prevent so many road accidents caused by driving. |
D.To introduce the benefits of autonomous vehicle industry. |
【推荐2】Why I Love Cycling
One of the first things I did when I moved to a new city was to hire a bike. Why?
Besides, I soon discovered plenty more benefits to cycling. A bike means that fewer places, especially in a small city like the one where I live now, feel far away. For example, cycling to work takes me half the time that it would to walk.
Of course, there are obvious health benefits of cycling—a bit of extra movement as part of your daily routine can help you keep fit and healthy. Cycling on my way to work also makes me feel more energetic in the mornings.
A.However, be careful when cycling. |
B.A bike means more happy time with your friends. |
C.I have to learn to ride safely on the right of the road. |
D.Importantly, cycling also helps to reduce your carbon footprint. |
E.Riding a bike also means you’re not restricted by bus timetables. |
F.And sometimes city roads are difficult or unpleasant for cyclists. |
G.Seeing a city by bike is ideal for settling in and learning your way around. |
【推荐3】The COVID-19 has led to a great demand for bikes and biking.Bike stores are struggling hard to keep up with the demand.In the United States,bike sales have seen their biggest jump since the 1970s.Sales of adult bikes in April of 2020 were three times as high as last year.The situation is similar in Asia and Europe.Around 90%of the bikes sold in the US are made in China.But because of the COVID-19,even the normal supply of bicycles wasn’t being created.That demand began to go up in mid-March,as people began looking for ways of getting around that didn’t involve crowded public transportation.Because biking happens in the open air,and the chance of catching the disease while riding is very low.
Biking has also grown more popular because it’s one of the few forms of exercise allowed in many lockdowns.With gyms and fitness centers shut down,biking fills a need for many active people.Families appreciate biking,too.With schools closed,and kids unable to hang out with their friends,biking is a welcome activity.Bikes are also practical.Many cities are seeing this as an opportunity to make their streets safer and greener.Cities around the world are adding miles and miles of bike lanes(车道)to their streets to encourage biking,New York says it will close off up to 160 kilometers of roads so they can be used by bikers and walkers.Paris has set up over 650 kilometers of new bike lanes.The United Kingdom plans to double its number of bike lanes.In Milan,Italy,35 kilometers of roads have been metamorphosed.
Though many of these bike lane additions are temporary,and some people assume these additions seem to destroy the overall beauty of cities,if changes in biking habits become permanent because of additions,they could seriously cut down car traffic and help make cities a lot greener.
1. What can we conclude about the present bike situation?A.It is more expensive. | B.It is safer than a car. |
C.It is in short supply. | D.It is all made in China. |
A.Repaired. | B.Transformed. | C.Protected. | D.Designed. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Cautious. | C.Skeptical. | D.Positive. |
A.Increasing Interest in Biking |
B.Ride Bikes,Clean the Earth |
C.More Bikes,Fewer Traffic Jams |
D.A Great Demand for Bike Exercise |
【推荐1】For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. he pulls out a special device points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱)a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
1. What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A.It causes temporary hearing loss | B.It slows down a running man |
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect | D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others |
A.silence the people around you | B.remove the sound of commercials |
C.block the incoming sound waves | D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you |
A.They travel in circles | B.They clear the atmosphere. |
C.They can be transformed into energy | D.They can be directed onto a specific area |
A.creative designs of restaurant menus | B.ideal sound effects on the theater stage |
C.different choices of music for businesses | D.strict control over any suspicious customer |
【推荐2】Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration for up to six weeks. After that, it’s no longer usable for transfusions. Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs.
Jonathan Kopechek, a bioengineer from University of Louisville says suspension to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 has put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic underscores the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.
Good news is that Kopechek’s team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which is a common ingredient in donuts(甜甜圈). Trehalose is intended to help make them look fresh even when they are months old, and you wouldn’t know the difference.
The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it’s made by animals like sea monkeys—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. “So these animals can dry out completely for a long time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose produced by these organisms and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state.”
But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. To achieve this, they drilled temporary holes in the cell membranes(细胞膜). And they need to have sufficient trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. “And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.”
Kopechek said the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters—and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on Mars will include dried red blood cells.
1. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?A.Satisfy. | B.Decrease. | C.Highlight. | D.Influence. |
A.It can only be found in sea monkeys. |
B.It should be preserved in a dried state. |
C.It helps to keep donuts fresh and tasty. |
D.It contributes to long-term blood storage. |
①Drying blood and making it into a powder. ② Getting trehalose into blood cells.
③Rehydrating the blood. ④ Drilling holes in the cell surface.
A.④②①③ | B.④①②③ | C.②④①③ | D.②③④① |
A.Dried blood has a promising prospect. | B.Trehalose could help stored blood last. |
C.The need for stored blood is on the rise. | D.Storing blood longer is very challenging. |
【推荐3】Are you a person who is good at making friends?As we all know,there are some people who seem to be surrounded by friends always,and there are others who always seem to be standing on the outside. If you are one of the outsiders,it is time to break out of your shell and start making new friends.
1. Be yourself
In fact,if you aren't yourself,it isn't you that others are becoming friends with. If you do not act like yourself,you may not be well received,because you are a totally different person,
2. Start with people you know
Reach out to people you have known, and reconnect with old friends you haven't seen in a long time. Don't forget about friends of friends. You may connect with some people just by hanging out with your friends and their friends.
3. Use technology
There are all kinds of online groups you can take part in.
4.
When you meet new people, ask them questions about themselves. Not only do you get to learn more about them, but it shows them that you are interested. And they are going to open up to you more.
A.Ask questions |
B.Open your heart |
C.If you are invited to go out, go |
D.Here are some tips that will help |
E.Let people get to know the real you |
F.Many are local groups that plan activities |
G.High technology is useful in making friends |