The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as uncomfortable. Therefore, they attempt to fill every gap. People in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating, as traditional Chinese and Thai people do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people. For example, Russian, French and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients experience. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to help patients.
1. What can we learn about silence in conversations from Paragraph 1?A.It varies with culture. |
B.It is a sign of boredom. |
C.It improves friendship. |
D.It is used to show anger. |
A.The Chinese. | B.The Thais. | C.The Mexicans. | D.The Russians. |
A.Break it as soon as possible. |
B.Let it go as the patients please. |
C.Use its value to help patients. |
D.Explain its harm to their patients. |
A.Usages of Silence |
B.Different Meanings of Silence |
C.Sounds and Silence |
D.Silence Is Gold in Some Cultures |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Whom should you marry? Where should you live? How should you spend your time? For centuries, people have relied on their sixth sense to figure out answers to these life-changing questions. However, now as amounts of information about all aspects of human behaviour have become more and more accessible, we can use this big data to help decide on the best choice.
Consider this question: what makes people happy? Data have revealed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed, such as exercising, going to a museum and gardening. Then there are the things that give us less pleasure than you might assume, such as playing video games, watching TV and surfing the internet. Watching sports games involving your favourite team can be really dangerous to your mood, it turns out.
Another way to be happier is to marry well. Here, too, data is offering us new insights. One study by 86 researchers collected information on more than 11,000 romantic couples. They used machine learning models to understand what predicts romantic satisfaction. They found many highly desired features, such as a partner’s attractiveness and height, have just about no relation with long-term happiness. Instead, psychological (心理上的) qualities, such as having a so-called “growth mindset”, were likely to play a bigger part in developing romantic satisfaction.
These are the early days of the data revolution (革命) in personal decision-making. I am not claiming that we can completely outsource our lifestyle choices to algorithms (算法), though we might get to that point in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by referring to evidence from thousands or millions of people who faced difficulties similar to ours. And we can do that now.
1. Why does the author put forward several questions at paragraph 1?A.To throw doubt on people’s sixth sense. |
B.To introduce a new way to make choices. |
C.To guide readers to think over their previous life. |
D.To compare some confusions of common people. |
A.Exercising and watching sports games. |
B.Playing video games and gardening. |
C.Surfing the internet and watching TV. |
D.Going to the museum and doing sports. |
A.A partner’s appearance is the key to romantic satisfaction. |
B.Taller males have more chances to have a happier life. |
C.Features to keep romantic satisfaction are still unknown. |
D.Psychological qualities matter more in long-term happiness. |
A.Opposed. | B.Supportive. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Doubtful. |
【推荐2】The romantic Rhine, which flows more than 700 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea, is one of the most popular cruising(巡游) rivers in Europe, with many options available. Take a look at things to do in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin or end in Amsterdam. This city is popular among multiple age groups and types of travelers for its relaxing atmosphere. Grab a bicycle and enjoy an afternoon of cafes, art, and historical sites. The Anne Frank House is a popular attraction in Amsterdam. Be sure to check if your river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are consistently long, though.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart of Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Forest, and conjuring up (唤起) visions of princes and princesses, it is an extremely popular tourist attraction. It was in fact one of the inspirations for Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If your Rhine River cruise includes a stop in Munich, there’s a good chance that visits to Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasbourg
If you’re looking for a classic European country town, this is the stop for you Strasbourg has a typical French feel, with cobblestoned streets, small shops, and of course a cathedral. Be sure to visit picturesque Petite France, the historic quarter of town, and Rohan Palace to walk in the footsteps of Marie Antoinette, the last queen of France before the French Revolution. Strasbourg is also a delightful place for visit for Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three international borders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating combination of cultures, cuisines, and languages. You can enjoy several wonderful historic sights in Basel, within a short distance from each other, and don’t miss a walk through the Botanical Gardens.
1. What do Amsterdam and Strasbourg have in common?A.They have historical sites. |
B.They have a relaxing French style. |
C.They are home to big shopping malls. |
D.They are famous for the picturesque scenery. |
A.Its mysterious story. | B.Its favourable location. |
C.Its fairytale romance. | D.Its inspiration for films. |
A.Amsterdam. | B.Neuschwanstein Castle. |
C.Strasbourg. | D.Basel. |
【推荐3】Jessica Brookhart has always loved tiny houses and tree house. When some land went up for sale in Gold Hill, Colorado, she bought it. Why? Because it came with a tree house. Brookhart, 41, spent $80,000 to live out her dream.
She isn’t alone. Tree houses are on the rise all over the U.S. More people are building them, more people are buying them, and more people are renting them. A house in a tree is a fun way to escape being trapped in your home. But you don’t have to stay with strangers. And you don’t have to travel farther than your own backyard.
The tree house that Brookhart bought can fit two adults and two children. There is no bathroom or running water. There is a portable toilet on the ground. From the windows, you can see the mountains. “It is a magical place,” Brookhart said. She admits that she made an emotional buy. But it offered a special place to spend time with her husband and their two young sons. She sometimes rents the tree house out online. Lots of people want to use it. “I have to block off a bunch of weekends so we can spend time there too,” she said.
Many of the new tree houses aren’t made of rough boards and nails. Some are very stylish. Business is great for Aaron Smith, who runs a tree house architecture company. He started it in 2015, and now employs a second designer and eight builders. His tree houses have ranged from a basic backyard structure costing around $10,000 to a livable tree house with indoor plumbing (管路系统) for half a million. He has customers all over the country.
The Mohicans Treehouse Resort in Glenmont, Ohio, rents out luxurious tree houses. But for many people, simple tree houses are good enough. Jim Brook, 71, built his grandsons a small platform tree house a few years ago. “I love to introduce them to nature and encourage them to play outdoors,” Brook said.
1. Which of the following is described in the second paragraph?A.Tree houses are a growing trend. |
B.More people are buying small houses. |
C.Tree houses are fun places at people’s backyard. |
D.People like traveling farther to get private pace. |
A.She thinks it too costly. | B.She became absorbed in it. |
C.She bought it to rent it out. | D.She always lives there alone. |
A.It aims to house the poor. | B.It has developed smoothly. |
C.It mainly builds livable tree houses. | D.It has faced serious designer shortages |
A.Worried. | B.Cautious. | C.Uncaring. | D.Favorable. |
Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.
Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.
Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence.
Assess yourself
The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.
Practice good manners
No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
Ask questions
When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them.
Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone.
1. What is cultural competence according to the passage?2. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way.
4. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words)
【推荐2】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies uncomfort. | B.It promotes friendship. |
C.It is content-based. | D.It is culture-based. |
A.The Mexicans. | B.The French. | C.The Chinese. | D.The Russians. |
A.Make use of its healing effects. | B.Break it while treating patients. |
C.Evaluate its harm to patients. | D.Let it continue as the patient pleases. |
A.Sound and Silence | B.What It Means to Be Silent |
C.Silence to Native Americans | D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold |
Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor. He was determined to get good grades — in part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial views. "You're pushed to do better, to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart," he told the New York Times.
Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice(偏见), diversify(使多样化) friendships and even promote students’ academic performance. In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio, black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate—even if the roommate’s test scores were low. Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships. “Just having diversity in classrooms doesn’t do anything to increase interracial friendships,” said Claudia Buchman, an author of the Duke study. “But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships.”
There are, however, some problems with such room assignments. Fazio’s study found that three times as many randomly(随机地) assigned interracial roommates weren’t living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. Interracial roommates also spent less time together, had fewer joint activities and were less involved with each other’s friends than white pairs.
As for Boakye, this is not the case. “A lot of white students come without much exposure(暴露)to diversity, so when their first interaction with a black guy isn’t bad, they will make more black friends. I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate. I saw him this year, and he said, ‘Hey dude, you’re not the only black friend I have.’ That felt good.”
1. Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPT ________.
A.making more friends |
B.reducing prejudice |
C.earning better grades |
D.improving physical health |
A.he wanted to prove he was a smart boy |
B.he intended to please his parents |
C.he wished to earn the scholarship |
D.he wanted to show black people are as smart as white people |
A.got along well with his white roommate |
B.shared fewer joint activities with his white roommate |
C.had a negative attitude towards his white roommate |
D.is still living together with his freshman white roommate |
A.the interracial friendship |
B.some problems with having an interracial roommate |
C.some comments on the interracial roommates |
D.the interaction between the black student and the white student |