For years, twice a day Aadya Joshi walked past a dump filled with smelly rubbish in her neighbourhood of south Mumbai on her way to and from school. Originally it was meant to be the garden of the local police station. When she was 15, during her summer holidays, Joshi decided to do something about it. “I walked into the police station and was like, ‘Can I please clean your garden?’” recalls Joshi. “It took three or four weeks to eventually convince them that I was not going to give up halfway and leave them with more work.”
The plot of land covers an area of 60 square meters, about a quarter of a tennis court. But, over the course of four Sundays in the summer, with help of local residents, Joshi did more than clear it. She replanted it with native Indian plants and trees. Joshi said, “The first day that we cleaned up I made the mistake of not wearing gloves and I was sick for two weeks.”
The idea for native planting came from Joshi’s reading on the Miyawaki method of afforestation (植树造林) and the work of University of Delaware ecologist Douglas Tallamy. These both argue that planting the right trees can have a significant impact on restoring insect and animal biodiversity. The results in Mumbai were instantaneous: monkeys now hang out at the police station, and butterflies and birds have made the garden their home.
After creating the garden, Joshi developed a database of 2,000 plants unique to the Indian subcontinent and last year was awarded the annual Children’s Climate prize, founded by Swedish energy company Telge Energi. Her advice for others looking to follow in her footsteps: “If you bite off more than you can chew in the beginning, you will be stuck and lose motivation,” she says. “But something small, like your neighbourhood police station, it’s very manageable.”
1. What can we learn from Joshi’s words in the second paragraph?| A．The work was enjoyable and rewarding. |
| B．The garden was too large to clean. |
| C．The cleaning was hard and dangerous. |
| D．Joshi was sick of the cleaning work. |
| A．Dangerous. | B．Profitable. | C．Costly. | D．Immediate. |
| A．All roads lead to Rome. |
| B．Time and tide wait for no man. |
| C．The longest journey starts from the first step. |
| D．Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. |
| A．To demonstrate the environment problems. |
| B．To call on attention to India’s young people. |
| C．To persuade readers to donate to a environment program. |
| D．To advocate a teenager’s efforts in caring about the world. |
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【推荐1】Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields, which help prevent the loss of soil and stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Besides, extra trees and plants can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, in parts of West Africa grain harvests were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
But here is something interesting about windbreaks. They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barriers of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only 60 to 80 percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak.One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide animals with shade from the sun.
1. The advantages of building a windbreak are as follows EXCEPT ________ ．| A．keeping the wind from destroying grain crops | B．increasing the production of grain harvests |
| C．providing humans with shade from the sun | D．reducing the damaging effects of wind and rain |
| A．the movement of air lifts the soil | B．windbreaks allow some wind to pass through |
| C．large trees are lined with short ones | D．windbreaks can stop the wind getting through |
| A．100 square feet | B．151 square feet | C．240 square feet | D．300 square feet |
| A．Extra trees and plants can be cut down for wood. |
| B．The environment is going from bad to worse. |
| C．Trees and plants from abroad are the best for windbreaks. |
| D．Windbreaks can contribute to agriculture harvests. |
【推荐2】The climate change has become an issue that no one can escape from. If the world wants to limit climate change, water shortage and pollution, we all need to choose “flexitarian” diets, say scientists.
This means eating mainly plant-based food, which is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all in 2050, they say. Food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve, according to the study. Without action, the impacts of the food system could increase by up to 90%. Fast on the heels of the landmark report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) comes this new study on how food production and consumption impact major threats to the planet.
The authors say that the food system has a number of significant environmental impacts including being a major driver of climate change, providing freshwater and reducing pollution through over use of nitrogen (氮) and phosphorus (磷).
The study says that thanks to the population and income growth expected between 2010 and2050, these impacts could grow between 50%~90%. This could push our world beyond its geographic boundaries. So when it comes to climate change, the authors looked at what they called a “flexitarian diet”.
“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common, according to the latest scientific evidence, is that they are all relatively plant-based,’’ said lead author Dr. Marco Springmann from the University of Oxford.
“You can go from a diet that has small amounts of animal products; some might call it a Mediterranean-based diet; we call it a flexitarian diet. We tried to stay with the most conservative one of these which in our view is the flexitarian one, but even this has only one serving of red meat per week,” he added.
If the world moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions (排放) from agriculture would be reduced by more than half.
1. What benefit will the new diets bring to the world?| A．The animals will be saved. | B．People will need more water. |
| C．The climate change will stop. | D．The pollution will be controlled |
| A．Eat animal products every meal. |
| B．Eat plant-based vegetables every meal. |
| C．Eat mainly vegetables and never eat animal products. |
| D．Eat plant-based meal mainly and animal products sometimes. |
| A．The climate will become warmer. | B．The food consumption will increase. |
| C．People will have less greenhouse gas. | D．People will produce more food waste. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Opposed. | D．Indifferent. |
【推荐3】Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now some state and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well. California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆制肥料).
Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, tea bags, and eggshells. Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted. Meat, fish, and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.
According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills (垃圾填埋池), and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients. When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields, it helps crops grow.
Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. “Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking.” Renee Crowley, a project manager said.
Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine for people who put it into regular garbage.
Crowley points out that even in cities where food recycling is not a law, there are often places where citizens can drop off their food waste for composting. Many schools and colleges have also started composting programs.
Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly. In addition, it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don’t have access to outside storage bins. Patti Ferguson from Orange County, California, told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.
1. What do we know about composting from the text?| A．It is cheap to compost food waste. |
| B．Not all food waste can be reused. |
| C．Not all soil can be composted. |
| D．It is usually processed in empty landfills. |
| A．Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil. |
| B．Ways of reducing the amount of trash. |
| C．Benefits of recycling food waste. |
| D．Examples of different useful nutrients. |
| A．illegal | B．shameful |
| C．required | D．acceptable |
| A．thankful | B．supportive |
| C．uncaring | D．negative |
【推荐1】Over half of Canadian youth and young adults who have consumed energy drinks have experienced negative health effects as a result, according to a study from the University of Waterloo.
In a nationwide survey of Canadian youth, over half of those who had ever consumed an energy drink had reported experiencing a negative health event. Currently, Canadian legislation is meant to prohibit energy drinks from being marketed to children and energy drinks are not recommended to be used by people participating in sporting activities.
"Most risk assessments to date have used coffee as a reference for estimating the health effects of energy drinks. However, it is clear that these products cause a greater health risk," said David Hammond, a Professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Waterloo. "The health effects from energy drinks could be due to the different ingredients than coffee, or the ways in which they consumed, including with alcohol or during physical activity. Regardless, the findings suggest a need to increase monitoring of health effects from these products."
In conducting the study, the researchers surveyed 2,055 young Canadians aged 12 to 24. Of those who had reported consuming energy drinks at some point in their lives, 55.4 percent reported experiencing a negative health event. Of those reporting negative health events, 24.7 percent reported experiencing a fast heartbeat, 24.1 percent reported difficulty sleeping and 18.3 percent reported experiencing headaches.
"The number of health effects observed in our study suggests that more should be done to restrict consumption among children and youth," said Hammond. "At the moment, there are no restrictions on children purchasing energy drinks, and they are marketed at the point-of-sale in grocery stores, as well as advertising that targets children."
1. Who are forbidden to take energy drinks in Canada?| A．Children. | B．Athletes. |
| C．Old people. | D．Healthy people. |
| A．The different ingredients in them. | B．The coffee contained in them. |
| C．The quantity consumed at a time. | D．The place where they are consumed. |
| A．Comparing results. | B．Listing figures. |
| C．Giving examples. | D．Raising questions. |
| A．It is illegal for children to buy energy drinks. |
| B．Energy drinks are sold only in grocery stores. |
| C．Some child actors advertise energy drinks. |
| D．It's a long way to ban children from energy drinks. |
【推荐2】Every year, FIFA (国际足联) selects a unique character for the World Cup which plays an important role in the event. This started in FIFA World Cup 1966 where Willie, a lion, became the official mascot (吉祥物) of the event. How about this year’s FIFA World Cup in Qatar?
Actually the Official Mascot for this year’s FIFA World Cup 2022TM is called La’eeb. La’eeb is an Arabic (阿拉伯) word meaning “super-skilled player” and is based on an Arabic headdress keffiyeh (方巾), which is a traditional piece of Qatari clothing. Mawlawi, an officer said: “We are delighted to have La’eeb as the Official Mascot for the first FIFA World Cup in the Middle East and Arab world. We encourage everyone to imagine what it looks like.” After seeing it, fans started wondering if La’eeb looks like a ghost, a handkerchief, or a “wonton wrapper?” (馄饨皮) “We are sure fans everywhere will love this fun and playful character.” added Mawlawi.
La’eeb will be everywhere-welcoming the world, inspiring young fans and cheering the action during the game, which will take place from 21 November to 18 December. In addition, fans will soon be able to download GIFs of La’eeb through some social media channels (渠道), including Facebook and Whats App.
1. What was La’eeb based on?
| A．A movie star. |
| B．A famous soccer player. |
| C．An Arabic keffiyeh. |
| D．A well-known cartoon character. |
| A．La’eeb is an English word. |
| B．Choosing a mascot only started in 2022. |
| C．Willie the tiger is this year’s mascot. |
| D．Qatar World Cup 2022 is first held in the Middle East and Arab world. |
| A．La’eeb is fun and playful. |
| B．Fans will soon like Arabic headdress. |
| C．He is not sure whether La’eeb can be loved by the fans. |
| D．He said that La’eeb is like a ghost and a handkerchief. |
| A．Buy the mascot La’eeb. |
| B．Get gifts from La’eeb. |
| C．Download pictures of La’eeb. |
| D．Chat with La’eeb. |
【推荐3】In the cartoon Tom and Jerry, Tom tries his best to catch Jerry, and Jerry keeps finding ways to escape. Both Tom and Jerry have their own challenges but they were born to never give up. Here are four life lessons we can learn from these two cartoon characters:
We turn to our nearest and dearest ones when facing difficulties because we feel it is our right. Well, it doesn’t really matter how many times we ask for help; what matters is whether we provide emotional security when they are in the face of threats. Do we offer our shoulders when they are in need of us or stand by them when they feel upset? Do we share our happiness with them?
If you are witty, then your size does not matter at all. A weak man might get frightened for a moment but he can defeat the strongest with his intelligence. Jerry just makes good use of his brain and wins. If you ever feel lost, disappointed, or weak, return to yourself and try to explore your strength. “You never know how strong you can be until being strong is the only choice you have.”
At times, your best friend might behave rudely or seem to be your greatest enemy. It’s not the time to express your anger and prove him or her wrong. It is quite likely that your friend expects you to be wiser in difficult situations and wants you to acknowledge your mistakes. Love is expressed in a variety of ways.
Be prepared to face difficulties even if you have had enough. There is an old saying, “Every difficulty is an opportunity!”. Be prepared and let them come and get you bothered; they will make you a stronger and wiser person. It often happens that whenever Tom thinks that all is done Jerry eventually wins.
1. What is the first lesson we learn from the cartoon characters according to the passage?| A．Do our friends a favor if necessary. | B．Rely on ourselves when facing difficulties. |
| C．Fight against the nearest and dearest friends. | D．Without friends we can do nothing at all. |
| A．Strong. | B．Wise. | C．Confident. | D．Hopeful. |
| A．Express your anger to him or her. | B．Try to prove him or her wrong. |
| C．Regard him as your enemy. | D．Imagine it as a way of expressing love. |
| A．To tell us we should be confident of overcoming all the difficulties. |
| B．To tell us we should grasp the opportunity to find true friends. |
| C．To tell us we should make use of every difficulty to improve ourselves. |
| D．To tell us we should prove how strong we can be. |
【推荐1】Surviving Hurricane Sandy
Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family ran away to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the old. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to go to a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway revive encouraged Natalie. Volunteers came with lots of clothing and toys. Neighbors offered their spare time to help others rebuild. Teenagers climbed stairs to deliver water and food to people trapped in powerless high buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with people who wanted to help. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person.
Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.| A．some friends had lost their lives |
| B．her neighborhood was destroyed |
| C．her school had moved to Brooklyn |
| D．the old were free from suffering |
| A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild |
| B．The people trapped in high building |
| C．The volunteers offering money to survivors |
| D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to old people |
| A．She gave her toys to the kids |
| B．She took care of younger children |
| C．She called on the government to help |
| D．She built an information sharing website |
| A．Little people can make a big difference |
| B．A friend in need is a friend indeed |
| C．East or West, home is best |
| D．Technology is powerful |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 Mother Teresa was born on August 26th,1910 in Skopje, Macedonia. She always wrote her birthday as 27th of August because it was the day of her baptism(洗礼), which was always more important to her than her birthday. For her work with the poor around the world, she received the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.
In 1928, she accepted a religious order and took the name Teresa. The order immediately sent her to India. A few years later, she began teaching in Calcutta. In 1948 the Catholic(天主教的) Church agreed her request and let her enter the convent( 女修道院) and she began to work for the poor people. She became an Indian citizen in the following year. In 1950, she set up a religious organization in Calcutta. The organization provided food for the poor people and then she set up hospitals, schools, youth centers, and homes for the sick and the dying poor. It now has branches in 50 Indian cities and 30 other countries.
Besides the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize, Mother Teresa has received other awards for her work with the poor people. On September 5th,1997, Mother Teresa passed away, but she will continue to inspire people all over the world through her lasting present of love and faith.
1. From the text we can infer that Mother Teresa _______.
| A．had her name Teresa when she was very young |
| B．devoted herself to the poor all her life |
| C．was born in India and lived there for most of her time |
| D．received the Nobel Peace Prize in her early sixties |
a. She became an Indian citizen.
b. She began to work for the poor.
c. She began teaching in Calcutta.
d. She became a nun.
e. She set up a religious organization.
| A．c-b-d-a-e | B．c-d-b-a-e | C．a-b-d-c-e | D．a-c-b-d-e |
| A．let us know Mother Teresa was a great woman |
| B．tell us Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize |
| C．give us some information about |
| D．prove that a woman can also do great work for the poor |
【推荐3】O'Thmar is a remote（偏远的）village in Battambang Province. Villages like O'Thmar in Cambodia are informal settlements（定居点）, built mainly because of population movement and growth. Their unofficial status（地位）usually means that they are cut off from services, including education. In O'Thmar, 160 families there still depend on collecting rainwater for family use. Only two families have toilets in their houses.
But they do have a school, thanks to one man who brought education to children in his community.
His name is Sok Chan, who returned to his home country from Thailand in 1993. "Only a few families were living in this area when I first came. There were about ten children in total, but no school. So I decided to teach those children," Mr. Sok said.
Mr. Sok started giving lessons in a neighbour's house in 1996. Some families were able to pay him for teaching, but many poor children attended for free. So Mr. Sok decided to teach during the day and work at night. He didn't follow the official school year calendar. Instead he worked all year around, six days a week. He also had to buy textbooks and other learning and teaching materials（材料）himself.
In 2014, UNICEF officers went to visit the community and heard of Mr. Sok's story. They shared the information with key local government members. Senior officials looked into the matter, and decided that Mr. Sok's school should be considered a formal primary school, meaning that it could receive financial（财政的）support, teaching and learning materials, and official teachers from the government.
When asked what encourages him to continue his job as a teacher, Mr. Sok says how proud he is to see the success of his students. “I feel happy when other teachers tell me that my former students are doing very well in high school. I want them to go on to receive higher education, to become teachers, and to help develop the country."
1. What do we know about O`Thmar from paragraph1?| A．Its villagers are living in poor conditions. | B．It is an official village in Cambodia. |
| C．Many people enjoy visiting there. | D．It lies in a rainy area. |
| A．He grew up in O`Thmar. | B．Why he chose to stay in O'Thmar. |
| C．How he built a school for children. | D．He had deep friendships with children. |
| A．He is smart as a teacher. | B．He is very strict with children. |
| C．He cares about the needs of children. | D．He tries to make his lessons interesting. |
| A．By helping him receive higher education. | B．By seeking professional help from UNICEF. |
| C．By sharing his school's information nationwide. | D．By accepting his school as a formal school. |
| A．Time is money. | B．Education makes a difference. |
| C．Ups and downs make one strong. | D．Experience helps to achieve excellence. |
