Shakespeare once wrote: “Neither a borrower nor A lender be;For loan (借款) often loses both itself and friend”. It’s often explained and used as a warning about the dangers of lending, and how you could risk a friendship through it. But why can lending money be so detrimental to our friendships?
If our friend or family member comes to us for hard cash, it can be very difficult to turn them away. You feel under pressure to help. And if that money doesn’t come back, it can lead to fights or even legal battles. So how can we, as the lender, avoid these problems? According to Bradley T. Klontz, an expert in financial psychology (心理学), there are some steps you can take.
Understanding why there is an unavoidable risk to lending anything to a friend is the first thing. And it’s not just the risk of losing the money, but the friendship could also be in danger. This is because, psychologically speaking, the action of lending has changed the balance of power. The lender becomes superior (高一级的), while the borrower may feel awkward with the new arrangement. Likewise, if you try to advise them on what to do with the money, it might make things difficult between you two. In other words, let go - and see it as their money.
And if you can’t afford to lend something, don’t. Saying “no” is hard when a friend comes asking, but if you need that money, refusing them is probably the safest course of action. If you still feel the need to lend, making a legally binding (有法律约束的) agreement and putting things down in writing could guarantee instalments (分期付款) or deadlines. But, some friends may not take too kindly to being asked to make it official - seeing it as a lack of trust.
Finally, for some, it’s best to just see the money as a gift and be pleasantly surprised if something comes back. And if you do want to keep your friendship, when you need to borrow some money, perhaps a bank is a better option.
1. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.beneficial |
B.important |
C.necessary |
D.harmful |
A.You’d rather be a lender than a borrower. |
B.Whether you lend it or not, your friendship will be unbalanced. |
C.Sometimes refusing is not a bad option. |
D.If you are true friends, you will lend your money to your friends. |
A.By listing examples. |
B.By making comparison. |
C.By analyzing data. |
D.By explaining cause and effect. |
A.Borrow from your family members rather than your friend. |
B.Borrow the money from the bank. |
C.Borrow the money from your friend and see him (her) as superior. |
D.Borrow the money and see it as yours. |
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【推荐1】Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植入物).
Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.
But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.
Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.
The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.
1. What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?A.The great advance in AI research. |
B.Their application in medical fields. |
C.The breakthrough in surgical techniques. |
D.Their easy adaptation to the human body. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Unconcerned. | C.Favorable. | D.Excited. |
A.Avoid. | B.Worsen. | C.Reduce. | D.Answer. |
A.Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack? |
B.Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future? |
C.Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally? |
D.Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots? |
【推荐2】The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll (民意测验,投票) asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. On the whole, people felt that their actions and hard work — not outside forces — were the deciding factors in how their lives turned out. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority 52 percent think that young people do not need a 4-year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of a degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, think “personal drive” is far more important than just go to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook (支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.
1. What’s the findings of the lastest National Journal survey in terms of American dream?A.More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize. |
B.It remains alive among the majority of American people. |
C.Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades. |
D.An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it. |
A.is a goal difficult to achieve |
B.still remains open to debate. |
C.is necessary to achieve success |
D.is no longer as important as it used to be |
A.Which person has realized his American dream |
B.Who has a better view about the American dream |
C.Basic life skills are necessary for success in America |
D.Views about the role of college education in achieving success |
A.Indifferent. | B.optimistic. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Objective. |
Many parents are watchful about their kids’ use of electronic devices and set strict limits for them to protect their children from the potentially harmful effects of too much screen time. But parents may be overlooking another device-related danger — secondhand screen time. It’s meant to mirror the danger in regard to secondhand smoking. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence.
Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive (过度的) device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.
Secondhand screen time is an issue parents need to be aware of regardless of their children’s age. Parents can take the following tips to reduce its impact.
➢Focus on quality time
A child’s cognitive, communication, social and emotional development happens via their relationships with their care providers. The more time parents spend looking at electronics, the less time they can devote to giving the kids their full attention. This doesn’t mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention.
➢Set an example
Parents often tell kids it’s important to control device use, but if their experience with parents from early age is watching parents use devices frequently, children are much more likely to follow that model. By setting a good example, parents are sending to their kids the message “do as I do”, which is more effective than “do as I say”.
1. What is secondhand screen time according to the passage?2. What problems does secondhand screen time bring to children?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.
4. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways can you think of to reduce secondhand screen time? (In about 40 words)
【推荐1】I’m 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. I knew there was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking-no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home.
Since I started volunteering three years ago, my team of volunteers have set up seven groups in our town. We host tea parties for those aged 75 and older who live on their own and regularly provide support, friendship and companionship for the most isolated older people in the community.
Working with my older neighbors is rewarding. To hear their stories and the hardships they have overcome is inspiring. I feel like I’m making a positive difference to the lives of older people by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and social and making it clear to them that they are valued by our community.
As an area coordinator (协调人), I also help recruit(招募) and manage volunteers, without whom none of the work would be possible. So many go above and beyond what’s asked, giving their time, energy and kindness, just because they care. I’ve found so much enthusiasm from people wanting to make the lives of our older neighbors better, and they are a constant source of inspiration for me.
I’ve met so many amazing people from all walks of life (各行各业). It’s one of the best things I’ve ever done and it has enriched my life so much. I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly and helping older people enjoy the old age that they deserve.
1. What does the underlined word “isolated” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.friendly | B.lonely | C.helpless | D.supportive |
A.It is meaningful. | B.It gives her confidence. |
C.It is challenging. | D.It reduces her loneliness. |
A.Their skills. | B.Their creativity. | C.Their optimism. | D.Their passion. |
【推荐2】Healthy Habits,Healthy Body
Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then,consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康).
Subhealth,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization,over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middleaged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam weeks.
Symptoms(症状) include a lack of energy,depression (压抑),slow reactions,insomnia (失眠),agitation,and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth,according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits,alternate work and rest,exercise regularly,and take part in openair activities.
As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements-vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
1. According to this passage,which of the following is RIGHT?A.When you are in a state of subhealth,you should stay home and keep silent. |
B.When you are in a state of subhealth,you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine. |
C.When you are in a state of subhealth,you should have yourself examined in foreign countries. |
D.When you are in a state of subhealth,you should find out the reasons and relax yourself. |
A.they have used up their energy |
B.they have lost their living hopes |
C.they have more pressure in life and work |
D.they begin to get older |
A.work hard |
B.sleep more |
C.form good living habits |
D.take more medicine |
A.we should never eat meat |
B.we should have a variety of food |
C.we should eat less than usual |
D.we should have meals without salt and sugar |
【推荐3】OpenAI’s automated AI-powered chatbot ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm, but not without creating a few issues on the way. With writers, marketers, and seemingly everyone else in between using ChatGPT to generate content, companies worldwide are staring down a tsunami of AI-generated content. With issues of safety and stolen contents constantly swirling around ChatGPT and its output, OpenAI has now released GPT-Classifier, a tool designed to detect whether the text you’re reading was generated by ChatGPT or one of its other GPT tools.
GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manners of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic. In other words, the GPT-Classifier attempts to compare similarities between known human text and known AI text to find inconsistency that reveal the source writer.
While the idea of easily spotting AI-generated text will be music to the ears of editors and educators, OpenAI has warned that its classifier is not fully reliable.
A test of the GPT-Classifier spotted a human-generated example and marked it very unlikely to be AI-generated, and also correctly indicated that a ChatGPT-generated piece on USB issues was possibly AI generated. Currently, GPT-Classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text while labelling 9% of human text as AI-written. OpenAI also notes that the tool’s accuracy typically improves as the length of the input text increases. For now, although GPT-Classifier is up and running and available for testing, it’s best to take its labelling with a pinch of salt.
Even with the GPT-Classifier’s limitations, the demand for reliable ChatGPT detection is likely to see many people turn to this tool. OpenAI’s commitment to building and releasing a free GPT detection tool is important because as more students, writers, programmers, and others use AI-text generation tools, understanding and detecting this input will become vital.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.GPT-Classifier’s components. | B.GPT-Classifier’s vast datasets. |
C.GPT-Classifier’s high productivity. | D.GPT-Classifier’s working principle. |
A.With certain doubt. | B.At face value. | C.With great respect. | D.As a challenge. |
A.GPT-Classifier demands more users’ trust. | B.GPT-Classifier wipes out users’ belief in AI. |
C.GPT-Classifier meets diverse growing needs. | D.GPT-Classifier has a limited range of services. |
A.To discuss the reliability of GPT-Classifier. |
B.To criticise the problem of Al-generated content. |
C.To encourage more people to use GPT-Classifier. |
D.To introduce a new tool for detecting AI-generated text. |