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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:53 题号:18191911

Shakespeare once wrote: “Neither a borrower nor A lender be;For loan (借款) often loses both itself and friend”. It’s often explained and used as a warning about the dangers of lending, and how you could risk a friendship through it. But why can lending money be so detrimental to our friendships?

If our friend or family member comes to us for hard cash, it can be very difficult to turn them away. You feel under pressure to help. And if that money doesn’t come back, it can lead to fights or even legal battles. So how can we, as the lender, avoid these problems? According to Bradley T. Klontz, an expert in financial psychology (心理学), there are some steps you can take.

Understanding why there is an unavoidable risk to lending anything to a friend is the first thing. And it’s not just the risk of losing the money, but the friendship could also be in danger. This is because, psychologically speaking, the action of lending has changed the balance of power. The lender becomes superior (高一级的), while the borrower may feel awkward with the new arrangement. Likewise, if you try to advise them on what to do with the money, it might make things difficult between you two. In other words, let go - and see it as their money.

And if you can’t afford to lend something, don’t. Saying “no” is hard when a friend comes asking, but if you need that money, refusing them is probably the safest course of action. If you still feel the need to lend, making a legally binding (有法律约束的) agreement and putting things down in writing could guarantee instalments (分期付款) or deadlines. But, some friends may not take too kindly to being asked to make it official - seeing it as a lack of trust.

Finally, for some, it’s best to just see the money as a gift and be pleasantly surprised if something comes back. And if you do want to keep your friendship, when you need to borrow some money, perhaps a bank is a better option.

1. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.beneficial
B.important
C.necessary
D.harmful
2. According to this passage, which statement will the writer support?
A.You’d rather be a lender than a borrower.
B.Whether you lend it or not, your friendship will be unbalanced.
C.Sometimes refusing is not a bad option.
D.If you are true friends, you will lend your money to your friends.
3. How does the writer develop paragraph 3?
A.By listing examples.
B.By making comparison.
C.By analyzing data.
D.By explaining cause and effect.
4. If you are a borrower, which action is proper according to this passage?
A.Borrow from your family members rather than your friend.
B.Borrow the money from the bank.
C.Borrow the money from your friend and see him (her) as superior.
D.Borrow the money and see it as yours.

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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大脑植入是否能够帮助我们解决技术所带来的问题——机器人会把人类抛在后面,抢走我们的工作,甚至一切。

【推荐1】Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植入物).

Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.

But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.

Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.

The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.

1. What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?
A.The great advance in AI research.
B.Their application in medical fields.
C.The breakthrough in surgical techniques.
D.Their easy adaptation to the human body.
2. How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?
A.Disapproving.B.Unconcerned.C.Favorable.D.Excited.
3. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Avoid.B.Worsen.C.Reduce.D.Answer.
4. What’s the best title for the text?
A.Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?
B.Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?
C.Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?
D.Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?
2023-06-02更新 | 124次组卷
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【推荐2】The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?

The most recent National Journal poll (民意测验,投票) asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. On the whole, people felt that their actions and hard work — not outside forces — were the deciding factors in how their lives turned out. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.

In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority 52 percent think that young people do not need a 4-year college education in order to be successful.

Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of a degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, think “personal drive” is far more important than just go to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook (支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.

1. What’s the findings of the lastest National Journal survey in terms of American dream?
A.More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.
B.It remains alive among the majority of American people.
C.Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
D.An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.
2. Some Americans now have a pessimistic view that college education ________.
A.is a goal difficult to achieve
B.still remains open to debate.
C.is necessary to achieve success
D.is no longer as important as it used to be
3. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?
A.Which person has realized his American dream
B.Who has a better view about the American dream
C.Basic life skills are necessary for success in America
D.Views about the role of college education in achieving success
4. What’s the author’s attitude as the passage's topic is concerned?
A.Indifferent.B.optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Objective.
2020-08-19更新 | 19次组卷
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名校
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【推荐3】阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Many parents are watchful about their kids’ use of electronic devices and set strict limits for them to protect their children from the potentially harmful effects of too much screen time. But parents may be overlooking another device-related danger — secondhand screen time. It’s meant to mirror the danger in regard to secondhand smoking. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence.

Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive (过度的) device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.

Secondhand screen time is an issue parents need to be aware of regardless of their children’s age. Parents can take the following tips to reduce its impact.


➢Focus on quality time

A child’s cognitive, communication, social and emotional development happens via their relationships with their care providers. The more time parents spend looking at electronics, the less time they can devote to giving the kids their full attention. This doesn’t mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention.


➢Set an example

Parents often tell kids it’s important to control device use, but if their experience with parents from early age is watching parents use devices frequently, children are much more likely to follow that model. By setting a good example, parents are sending to their kids the message “do as I do”, which is more effective than “do as I say”.

1. What is secondhand screen time according to the passage?
2. What problems does secondhand screen time bring to children?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.
4. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways can you think of to reduce secondhand screen time? (In about 40 words)
2022-04-04更新 | 405次组卷
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