Definitions of adult learning vary, but it is usually defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone.
Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion. However, with some exceptions, the process of implementing education and training remains weak. Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan.
An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning. Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning. The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.
The big economic challenge in Europe is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力). The rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative, advanced and quality education and training as key factors of economic competitiveness. General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the labour market and to allow citizens to function well in today's society.
Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs. Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80.
Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons. Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.
1. Which can replace the underlined word “implementing” in paragraph 2?| A．Carrying out. |
| B．Taking in. |
| C．Knowing about. |
| D．Looking over. |
| A．Adults have reduced healthcare costs. |
| B．Learning is good for adults’ health. |
| C．Few adults need to receive learning. |
| D．More research will focus on learning. |
| A．Europeans are not healthy. |
| B．Many old Europeans have died. |
| C．The European population is aging. |
| D．Young Europeans are out of work. |
| A．Lifelong learning is essential. |
| B．Raising adult population is significant. |
| C．We should help more efficient workers. |
| D．Work contributes to personal well-being. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Robyn Lee, a 15-year-old teenage girl who studies at York Community High School, US says she has four friends. But she also has 15 to 20 other friends she considers part of her regular social circle.
“It’s like a bad thing to have only one, friend ,”explained Robyn. “If you have one friend, it means only one person likes you. That’s not cool,” she said.
For many years, experts studying teen friendships have known that teenagers prefer to travel in groups. In studies conducted in 1963 and in 1995,researchers found teen friendship groups averaged six people. In 2005,when teens were asked about how many friends they kept in touch with regularly, the average answer was 20.
The change to bigger -group friendships has advantages, such as increasing more connections and improving teens’self-pride by giving them a place to belong.
However,the change also has some disadvantages，say psychologists. “The meaning of friendship is becoming much more complicated,” said Bernardo Carducci, a professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast.
MaryRose Moss, a 17-year-old in Chicago, knows how she could get more friends. She created a Facebook page when she was 14 and within months, she had her group of 500 friends.
Text messaging has opened the door to many new connections, she says. “I’m friends with some people that I wouldn't be as close to if it weren’t for technology,” said Moss. “It's so easy to send a text to somebody even if you don't know him very well. ”
Some psychologists wonder whether social-networking technology is affecting some skills children once got from making friends in the old-fashioned way.
“In the past, you argued, discussed and reached an agreement, but if somebody disagrees with you now, you can ‘befriend’ him with the click of keys,” said Carducci.
Marianne Boe, a social studies teacher in Chicago , sees signs of changing friendships in the hallways. Ten years ago, she could easily know groups of girls who stayed friends through all four years of high school. “Today, it's harder,” Boe said.
1. Robyn is introduced at the beginning _____________ .| A．to show how today’s teenagers make friends |
| B．to give an example of modern teen friendship patterns |
| C．to show that today’s teenagers are afraid of loneliness |
| D．to give an example of teen addiction to social networks |
| A．Text messaging. |
| B．Changes in teen taste. |
| C．Modern technology. |
| D．Social-networking culture. |
| A．Teenagers don’t know how to develop really close friendships. |
| B．Teenagers change their friends more often than before. |
| C．True friends no longer appear in the school hallways. |
| D．Teenagers respect others' privacy more than before. |
【推荐2】When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school subjects. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.
For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tried to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed, he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and how he fits into it.
If you look at children, you’ll see a great difference in what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life, he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream world: he seems to have a walk between him and life in general.
1. According to the passage, intelligence is the ability to ________________ .| A．get high scores in some tests | B．do well in school subjects |
| C．deal with life | D．know what to do |
| A．knows more about what might happen to him |
| B．is sure of the result he will get |
| C．is ready to face and fit himself in the situation |
| D．cares more about himself |
| A．try not to feel ashamed |
| B．learn from his experiences |
| C．try to find all he could |
| D．make sure what result he would get |
| A．their attitude towards life | B．the degree of cleverness |
| C．the amounts of knowledge about the world | D．their way of thinking |
【推荐3】Children are starting on digital devices at ever younger ages, and opinions on the effects of children's digital-media habits are deeply polarised.(两极分化的).
Jean Twenge, a psychology professor, thinks excessive use of the internet and social media makes children lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health, sometimes to the point of driving them to suicide.
However, Daniel Kardefelt-Winther of the Innocenti research office of Unicef examined various evidence and found less cause for alarm than is often suggested.Most of the studies he examined seem to show that the technology helps children stay in touch with their friends and make new ones.
The relationship between the use of digital technology and children's mental health, broadly speaking, appears to be u-shaped.Researchers have found that moderate use is beneficial, whereas either no use at all or extreme use could be harmful.
What worries some experts more is that screens are becoming part of the middle-class armoury( 武器 ) for perpetuating( 巩固 ) social advantage.Children from well-off homes are enrolled in private classes to learn skills like "How to be a YouTuber", which poorer parents cannot afford.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．The disadvantages of overusing digital media. |
| B．The bad effects of using digital media. |
| C．Several bad impacts of using digital media. |
| D．The advantages of overusing digital media. |
| A．Objective | B．Favorable |
| C．Indifferent | D．Uncertain |
| A．Not all Children from rich homes can attend private classes |
| B．Not all Children from poor homes can learn skills like“how to be a YouTuber”. |
| C．Digital media is the only way of strengthening the middle-class. |
| D．Digital media can widen class gap. |
| A．Should children interact with digital media ? |
| B．Should parents allow their children interact with digital media? |
| C．What children do to interact with digital devices. |
| D．How children interact with digital devices. |
【推荐1】A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change. For example, the study found that most biology textbooks published in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade--despite significant advances in our understanding of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment.
“In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change, which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study. “These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth, yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats, ecosystems, agriculture--almost every aspect (方面) of life on Earth,”
For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019. The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s. In addition to length, the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time.
“One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to addressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s--even as they focus more on the effects of climate change,” Landin says. “That suggests to students that nothing can be done,which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism (宿命论) regarding cli-mate change.”
“We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors. We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it,” Landin says.
1. What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do?| A．Prove biology textbooks’ poor performance. |
| B．Show the dissatisfaction with climate change. |
| C．Attract the attention of students studying biology. |
| D．Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s. |
| A．No enough material about climate change. |
| B．Providing little new information about biology. |
| C．Not covering every aspect of life on Earth. |
| D．No generation-defining topics in the textbooks. |
| A．By tracking textbook publishers. |
| B．By doing surveys of students in colleges. |
| C．By observing climate change for 50 years. |
| D．By investigating college biology textbooks. |
| A．A wake up call for biology science. |
| B．A warning to take biology seriously. |
| C．A direction of studying climate change. |
| D．An alarm bell for publishers and teachers. |
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have some rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
Title: Open Education
| Definition | ◆Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are |
| ◆Open education enables students to realize they should take their ◆In open classrooms, many students don’t need to be ◆Some students find | |
| Disadvantages | ◆Many students cannot do ◆There are so many choices for students to ◆Some teachers are not in |
| The writer’s to open education | ◆Open education is just in ◆The majority of students want some structure in their classes. |
【推荐3】Studying in the United States opens up many opportunities for international students. One of the struggles many international students face when deciding where to study is the affordability of the city and the surrounding schools. Studying in the USA does not have to be expensive. Here are four affordable cities to study and live in.
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Oklahoma City remains one of the more affordable cities to purchase a house with only 26.49 percent of resident's income being spent on living expenses. It is a great city for international students to study in. The cost of living is 15.5 percent below the national average. Check out The Language Company and Oklahoma State University for affordable options to learn English or degree programs.
Indianapolis, Indiana
Indianapolis is the capital of the state of Indiana in the Midwest. It's well known for the Indy 500 car race but also for its affordability. Residents spend only 25.24 percent of their income on living expenses. The cost of living is also 16.2 percent below the national average making it affordable for students. University options include the University of Indianapolis Marian University, and Butler University.
Salt Lake City, Utah
Salt Lake City and surrounding areas remain quite affordable with residents only spending 25.78 percent of their income on housing, utilities, and other house hold utilities. For outdoor adventurers, Utah is a great place for winter sports and hiking. Salt Lake City and the surrounding areas have affordable universities such as Utah State University, University of Utah, and Snow College.
Des Moines, Iowa
Des Moines has one of the lowest percentages of income spent on living expenses out of 100 largest metro areas in the USA. Residents spend 23. 8 percent of their household income on living expenses. In addition, the median rent ranges from $ 700 to $ 900 a month. With a booming economy, Des Moines is an ideal city for international students to study and experience American culture. Drake University is an option in Des Moines.
1. Why are the four places recommended to international students?| A．They have beautiful view. | B．They have famous universities. |
| C．They have famous professors. | D．They have low living expenses. |
| A．Oklahoma. | B．Des Moines. |
| C．Salt Lake City. | D．Indianapolis. |
| A．Drake University | B．Oklahoma State University |
| C．University of Utah | D．Butler University |
