Should Elizabeth II be the last queen? And should police officers be banned from using guns? Pupils at Redden Court School, a state high school in London’s eastern suburb, compete with interesting topics when they give up their lunch breaks for debate club.
The school is one of many public ones to have taken up debating in recent years. Last year the English- Speaking Union (ESU), Britain’s main debating organization, began to provide free help to 100 schools with lots of poor pupils. It hopes to change the view that debating is for rich kids.
Advocates propose a range of benefits. Duncan Partridge of the ESU argues that the confidence and fluency debating inspires will help children in future university applications and job interviews. Teachers at Redden Court say it has improved pupils’ ability to set out their arguments logically, in writing and in class, and they believe debating can be of wider use still.
Yet, despite these organisations’ best efforts, success in debating competitions is not just becoming more concentrated in private schools, but in a few of them that take it most seriously. Some hire international debating superstars to tutor their pupils. In 2015 Eton College, one of Britain’s grandest schools, opened a debating club that cost £18 million. In the past decade just two state schools have won the ESU’s annual debating competition in England.
Joseph Spence, master of another top private school, says another problem is that “there is something quite white, middle class and male about the debating form.” Some worry that school debating promotes skillful rhetoric (虚华辞藻) but not critical thinking.
To respond to such criticism, the ESU is designing a new debating format that encourages teams to shift their position in response to their opponent’s arguments. It has also introduced a policy that from this year, at least 30% of its competition members must come from state schools. However, is affirmative (积极的) action a just response to continuing inequality?
1. Why did ESU aid 100 schools free of charge?A.To involve students in debating clubs. | B.To promote debating for rich students. |
C.To introduce debating to poor students. | D.To change a popular opinion on debating. |
A.Eton College doesn’t lay much emphasis on debating. |
B.Private schools take the lead in debating competitions. |
C.Some debating experts are invited to be the judges of the competitions. |
D.The debating organizations only value the performance of private schools. |
A.Student ability. | B.Political influence. |
C.School preference. | D.Economic inequality. |
A.Critical. | B.Favorable. | C.Hopeful. | D.Unconcerned. |
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【推荐1】Splendid straw-made miniatures (缩微模型) of classic ancient buildings decorate Xu Jian’s home. They range from the Yellow Crane Tower to Forbidden City’s turrets. They are all full of details and delicately crafted, tied and arranged by Xu’s hands from countless sorghum straws (高粱杆).
The craft involves carving grooves (沟槽) into the sorghum straws, before multiple straws are locked together through those identically sized grooves, Xu says, adding that the sorghum straw art requires a great deal of patience, especially for works depicting ancient architecture.
Under the influence of his father Xu Yanfeng, Xu Jian got his hands on sorghum straws in childhood. He still vividly remember show his father would follow a film featuring scenes of Tiananmen Square and then note down all the details before creating a delicate miniature of it for over three years. The work was then sent to Japan for exhibition and collected by a local museum. Ever since, many of his father’s works made their way to exhibitions at home and abroad.
Xu Jian became committed to the art after he reached 19, getting into the depth of the related techniques. “My father urged me to keep in mind traditional Chinese architectural skills and the history of traditional building protections, and to apply them to my own sorghum straw artworks,” he says. Through hands-on guidance from his father, Xu Jian’s skills became increasingly proficient. While inheriting the craftsmanship from his father, Xu Jian has produced his own creative works.
To date, Xu Jian’s works have been exhibited in over 40 provincial and national-level exhibitions, earning numerous gold awards. To promote the art, Xu Jian joined hands with the School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, in 2013, and founded a sorghum straw carving and tying base where the art has been integrated with architectural courses to enhance students’ thinking and practical skills.
1. What’s the feature of Xu Jian’s miniatures?A.They are made from rare materials. |
B.They are skillfully created by hand. |
C.They are sold in the Forbidden City. |
D.They are identical to ancient buildings. |
A.He showed great perseverance. |
B.He was fond of watching films. |
C.He won popularity only in China. |
D.He attached importance to creativity. |
A.To exhibit his artworks. | B.To assist a university. |
C.To accommodate artists. | D.To spread craftsmanship. |
A.Patient and innovative. | B.Generous and productive. |
C.Caring and strong-willed. | D.Critical and open-minded. |
【推荐2】The words “protect animals” appear everywhere in books and on screens because some animals are in danger of dying out. But sometimes the reality can be a little different from what people read or watch.
About 300 black bears were killed in Florida, the US, in October, 2015. It’s been the first bear hunt since 1994.
Animal protection groups protested this decision. But local officials explained that the black bear population had grown to 3,500 and become a menace to local people. In the past two years, bears have hurt at least four people in Florida.
This brings an old question back into the spotlight — which is more important, protecting animals or protecting people’s interests?
This question is asked in other countries too. In Switzerland, a wolf was sentenced to death by the Swiss government months ago. This is because the wolf killed 38 sheep and local people lost a lot of money. Days ago in China, three old men were arrested for killing a serow (鬣羚), a protected species. But they insisted they didn’t know about this and killed the animal because it ruined their crops.
However, these stories don’t always mean that animal protection stops due to human interests, especially involving economic development. A man named Zhou Weisen set up a wild animal base in Guilin, Guangxi. He saved over 170 tigers and 300 bears. But his base also offered jobs to local people.
“There may never be a standard answer to the question of whether we should give more attention to the environment or human development,” said Robert May, a British biologist at Oxford University. “But we shouldn’t push either one to the side, as the future is hanging in the balance.”
1. In October 2015, Florida held its first bear hunt after about________.A.five years | B.ten years |
C.fourteen years | D.twenty-one years |
A.Danger. | B.Chance. | C.Relief. | D.Treasure. |
A.Protecting animals needs hard work. |
B.Zhou was good at feeding wild animals. |
C.Zhou had a good relationship with local people. |
D.Protecting animals can bring economic development. |
A.Human development should be considered first. |
B.We should pay more attention to animal protection. |
C.We should consider both the environment and human interests. |
D.It’s difficult to find proper ways to solve environmental problems. |
【推荐3】An English mother, Liz Pinfield-Wells, has recycled more than 2,600 pounds (1,200 kg) of trash (垃圾) through a DIY recycling center in her garden shed (棚) in Dawley Shropshire. Pinfield-Wells established the recycling center after the birth of her third child when she discovered that her town’s roadside recycling program did not accept certain items.
The recycling center accepts 30 different categories of recyclable waste. Pin field-Wells encouraged the public to leave their mixed recycled items at the end of her driveway, and dozens of residents have since dropped off their trash in her shed. She has even accepted Pringles tubes, which have metal and plastic components and should not be placed in the roadside bin. “Setting up the recycling drop-off center, in my front garden has hopefully helped the community to recycle more. It can sometimes seem a little difficult knowing where to start but with every small step, it gets that little bit easier,” she said.
Every month, she sends the collected items in vacuum-packed (真空包装的) bags to TerraCycle, a firm that turns the waste into small plastic balls for use in other products, such as watering cans and benches. The weight of the trash is then changed into points for money, which can be paid out twice a year to a charity or sports organization of her choice.
In the last three years, Pinfield-Wells has raised more than £1,000, which she has donated to her 14-year-old daughter Zoe’s gymnastic group to buy new equipment. She has also donated money to another local charity to buy woodchips for their community garden.
Pinfield-Wells hopes that her recycling center will raise awareness about the importance of recycling and encourage others to take small steps to reduce their carbon footprint. She has created a Facebook group for here eco-center recycling shed, which now has over 1,000 members.
1. What inspired Liz to start the program?A.Overloading trash. | B.Her preference for DIY practice. |
C.Her children’s encouragement. | D.Limitation of local trash service. |
A.It develops plastic tubes. |
B.It produces vacuum-packed bags. |
C.It processes waste into small plastic balls. |
D.It supplies woodchips for community gardens. |
A.It will get new equipment. | B.It will boost community economy. |
C.It will replace the local trash service. | D.It will motivate more people to take action. |
A.Ambitious and intelligent. | B.Responsible and thoughtful. |
C.Adventurous and determined. | D.Pioneering and humble. |
【推荐1】Each year, millions of children around the world are unable to go to school. To draw attention to this widespread problem, the United Nations (UN) is putting education first. Recently, the UN screened a documentary film (纪录片) called Back to School. The film is the second in a series of documentaries for the 12-year project “Time for School”.
These films follow seven children from seven different countries. This 12year project began in 2003, when the children first started school. “This is something we could do to help the education crisis in the world,” said producer and writer Judy Katz. “Documentary filmmakers can get deeply involved in a problem and do something about it.”
More than 100 million children will never set foot in schools, sixty percent of whom are girls. Cheryl Faye, head of the UN Girls Education Initiative, spoke about the many factors that prevent girls from getting an education. One problem is the long distance many children must travel to get to school. Also, girls in many cultures are traditionally expected to marry early and work to help their families. “We need to make a special effort for girls,” Faye said.
As part of the UN’s goals, the organization wants every single child to get at least an elementary education by 2015.
Students from Lawrence Middle School in New York were deeply moved after they saw the film. The seventh-grade class is raising money to help build a library on the outskirts (郊区) of Nairobi, Kenya, where Joab—a child in the documentary lives. The class teacher, Karen Weiner, and the class are known in their school as the “Kenya crew”. All the kids were really happy to support Joab and said they felt great about their fund-raising efforts. Like the seventh-graders at Lawrence Middle School, kids can work together to make a difference in places like Nairobi. By raising money for education, kids can help children on the other side of the world have a chance at a better, happier life.
1. What is the purpose of the UN screening a documentary film Back to School?A.To raise funds for global education. |
B.To show the achievements which have been made in the past few years. |
C.To raise public awareness of the need for global education. |
D.To encourage all the children to come back to school. |
A.Because more than one half of the children who never go to school are girls. |
B.Because more than 100 million girls will never go to school. |
C.Because most of the girls are tired of going to school. |
D.Because sixty percent of the children in the world are girls. |
A.Long distance from school. | B.Helping work for the family. |
C.Early marriage. | D.Being born weak. |
A.Because they all have the same experience as Joab--the Kenya child. |
B.Because they are the actors in the documentary film Back to School. |
C.Because they are mostly from Kenya, where the child in the documentary lives. |
D.Because they are trying their great efforts to raise money for the education of Kenya children. |
A.American middle school students’ desire to go to Kenya. |
B.The content of the documentary film Back to School. |
C.An example of being inspired to take action after seeing the film. |
D.How students from Lawrence Middle School raise money for their education. |
【推荐2】During the industrial age, when high school was key to the American dream, public-school systems covered the costs of earning a diploma. Today, however, ns college degrees have replaced high-school diplomas as the ticket into the middle class, families are forced to cover the costs of higher education and more. If the information-age economy demands a workforce with higher education, the US government needs to make the same deal with students and their families: Anyone willing to work hard and earn the degree should be able to attend college—for free.
With that basic bargain in mind, Michigan has lately joined Oregon, Rhode Island and Tennessee in experimenting with ways to make community college free. Under the terms of the Chicago Star Scholarship, a program that has already enrolled more than 6,000 students, if a student at a public high school in Michigan maintains a B average, the state will provide a free degree at a local community college. Then, through another program Chicago Star Plus, students who have scored 3.0 GPA are qualified to receive a tuition discount at 18 of the four-year colleges located in Michigan.
Chicago Star Scholarship and Chicago Star Plus are already changing young lives. Its high-school graduation rate grew from 56.9 percent in 2011 to 78.2 percent in 2022. And Chicago Star Plus’ college attending rate is 86 percent, well above the national average of 62.7 percent.
More than a century ago, America achieved an explosion of social mobility by creating a supportive public school system that runs to 12th grade. By adding community colleges to the nation’s public-school systems and educational requirements, we can strengthen the belief in the American dream again.
1. What does the author suggest the US government do today?A.Cancel all college students’ debts. |
B.Reduce the costs for the middle class. |
C.Provide free higher education for qualified students. |
D.Help poor families to cover the fees of higher education. |
A.Any student who has achieved 3.0 GPA. |
B.All public high school students in Michigan. |
C.All students admitted into the 18 four-year colleges. |
D.Any Michigan public high schooler who maintains a B average. |
A.The significance of the programs in Michigan. | B.The high dropout rate in the US colleges. |
C.The potential costs of Chicago Star Plus. | D.The popularization of higher education in the US. |
A.By analyzing data. | B.By listing examples. | C.By making comparisons. | D.By conducting surveys. |
Every child, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, has the right to achieve their potential, regardless of their parents’ wealth and class. And we recognize that, as a nation, it is a long way to achieve this goal. But with rights come responsibilities and what worries people is that we are in danger of ignoring the latter.
Far too many children are behaving badly at school, even to the point of being violent to staff. This is terrible enough, but it is hard to be surprised since many children are just mirroring the behaviour of their parents.
My members tell me that parents also come into school often and threaten staff and some staff have been attacked by a pupil’s parents. One father encouraged his child to start a fight on the playground before school started. A primary teacher reported that a parent shouted at him. We need to have a serious and sensible debate about the roles and responsibilities of parents and the support that they can reasonably expect of schools and teachers.
Children will not learn how to behave as social beings if they are stuck in front of the TV for hours every day. They need their parents to show an interest in them and to spend time with them, helping them to play with their peers(同龄人) and to learn the rules of social behavior.
Children are now arriving at school socially undeveloped, increasingly unable to dress themselves, unable to use the toilet properly, unable to hold a knife and fork and unused to eating at a table, Mary Bousted, general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, writes in today’s Observer. Instead of taking responsibility themselves, too many parents expect teachers to control their children’s behaviour and wellbeing, she adds. Bousted says one mother blamed staff when she discovered that her 16-year-old son was smoking.
We are in danger of becoming a nation of
Schools cannot right the wrongs of society and teachers cannot become substitute parents. Both parties need to work together. Parents must be helped and given confidence to take back control. They are responsible for setting boundaries for their children's behaviour and sticking to those boundaries. They are responsible for setting a good example to their children and for devoting that most precious of resources — time — so that children come to school ready and willing to learn.
1. In the opinion of the writer, what problem do people ignore?
A.The violence in the school |
B.The study pressure of students. |
C.The responsibilities of the students |
D.The right to achieve students’ potential. |
A.parents care little about children’s life at home |
B.parents and children live in their separate rooms |
C.children don’t live with their parents in the same house |
D.children live a different life from that of parents at home |
A.dissatisfied | B.indifferent |
C.understanding | D.tolerant |
A.teachers have no responsibility for playing the role of parents |
B.schools can’t correct the wrongs that society does to teachers |
C.students are responsible for making themselves known in society |
D.parents should spend time with children to make them ready to learn |