【推荐2】Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.     1    

An effective leader starts by creating an inspiring vision of the future.     2     They think about how their industry is likely to evolve, and how their competitors are likely to behave. They look at how they can innovate successfully and shape their businesses and their strategies to succeed in future marketplaces. Therefore, leadership is looking ahead and not being satisfied with things as they are. Once they have developed their visions, leaders must make them inspiring and convincing. Effective leaders provide a rich picture of what the future will look like when their visions have been realized. They tell inspiring stories and explain their visions in ways that everyone can relate to.

    3     But it’s leaders’ ability to motivate and inspire people that helps them achieve that vision. For example, when you start a new project, you will probably have lots of enthusiasm for it.     4     However, it can be difficult to find ways to keep your vision inspiring after the initial enthusiasm fades. Leaders recognize this, and they work hard throughout the project to connect their vision with people’s individual needs, goals and aspirations (抱负).

    5     People admire and believe in these leaders because they are expert in what they do. This makes it much easier for these leaders to motivate and inspire the people they lead.   Leaders can also motivate people in other ways, such as paying bonuses. However, good leaders don’t rely too much on these types of power to motivate and inspire others.

【推荐1】As the development of computer, people count on computer so much, now most businesses are done online, trading online saves people a lot of time and it is very convenient. As more and more people choose to shop online, there comes the relative services, the most important one is express deliver.

Many years ago,express deliver is not that popular, now it becomes the main tool for people to receive online products. Express deliver is very fast, the companies make the promise that the customers can get their products in three days. Many years ago, people can get their things in a week, now express deliver shorten the time. What’s more, the express deliver can deliver the products to the customers' homes, people don’t have to go out, how convenient it is. I like to use express deliver, it facilitates my life and saves me a lot of time.

【推荐2】Teens bullied and beaten at school. Individuals and families attacked in the streets and in stores-pushed, punched, and worse.     1     And it was fueled by misinformation about the origins of COVID-19. Asian Americans were wrongly blamed for the virus.

Asian American students have already regularly experienced race-related bullying for long.     2     A recent study found that 1 in 4 Asian American teens has been the target of racist COVID-related hate. Even those who haven't experienced an incident personally are struggling with high rates of depression, anxiety, and fear caused by the violence nationwide.

    3    Advocates (支持者) say yes.

Asian American actress Olivia shared a message on Instagram in early February after a friend's mother was attacked. In her post, she called on her fellow Americans to express extreme anger about the hate crimes and asked for more mainstream media coverage.     4     Efforts to protect the Asian American community have also increased.

Some activists are organizing demonstrations and raising funds for violence victims.     5    For instance, Volunteers are guarding people who are fearful of walking in public alone. Numbers of people are learning course for a bystander intervention (干涉). The online class trains people on how to safely intervene if they witness an attack.

Advocates hope the wave of public support continues mounting. "What we know from history is that we won't be able to solve the root causes of crime and violence without each other," activist Alvina Wong said.

【推荐1】For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil.

The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned.

To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.

For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.

Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place”, he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.

【推荐2】An American friend recently told me of a reunion with the son of the German family whose home he had lived in for a year as an exchange student. My friend had spent the year acquiring fluent German, which he spoke to the family. The reunion, several decades later, took place among a crowd who were speaking English. Afterward, the German son said to my friend, “I never realized you were witty.” Because in German, he never was. It was too hard to joke in a foreign tongue. Anyone who has learnt another language will be familiar with this. We are more ponderous(沉闷的) in our acquired language. We are slower on the understanding, having to construct each reply in advance.

But is it also possible that we make more dispassionate(不带感情的) decisions when thinking in a foreign language? Academics at the University of Chicago think we do. Writing in the journal Cognition, they describe a well-known moral dilemma. You are watching a runaway carriage dashing down a railway. In its path you see five people tied to the track. On your left is a large man. If you push him into the carriage's path, you will kill him but save the five. Do you do it? The Chicago academics put the dilemma to a group of 800 native German speakers. About half considered the dilemma in German and half in English. Those people answering in their second language were more likely to favor pushing the man onto the track. To the Chicago faculty, this was no surprise. There have been several experiments, with similar results, about the effect of language on the track dilemma, with native speakers of English, Korean, Spanish, French, Hebrew, German and Italian.

The question the Chicago team try to answer in the cognition study is why the change happens when people decide in another language. Their hypothesis is that we visualize people and objects more sharply in our native tongue and this affects our decision-making. In particular, when thinking in our own language, we can clearly picture the large man and are reluctant to push him to his death. Why should this be? The Chicago study argues that the images we form in our minds are based on the memories we have of people and objects. Because we have more experience of people in our native language, we find it easier to picture them.

To test this, they asked 359 native English speakers to imagine various scenarios and objects—a sunset, hands-clapping, the feeling of sand, running upstairs, the taste of salt, the smell of paint, a sore throat—and to rate the intensity of the feeling. Half did the experiment in English, half in Spanish, their second language. Those who did it in English reported more vivid sunsets, handclaps, sand and step-running than those who answered in Spanish. There was little difference for sore throats and none for paint or salt.

The Chicago team thought people had more vivid images in their native English because they were more likely to tap into their memories than if they did the thinking in another language. However, the reason why the smell and taste images were sharp in Spanish might have been that the English speakers had rich associations of flavorful Mediterranean cuisine.

Generally, the use of a foreign language reduces vividness because it limits access to memories. How seriously should we take this? An increasing number of people are now working in organizations that operate in English, mixing native and second-language speakers. It is certainly worth thinking about whether people seem more considered, and make more dispassionate decisions in English than the native speakers do. The non-native speakers may seem less witty but pay more attention to their opinions.

【推荐3】Named “America’s Finest City” due to its hospitality, beauty and ideal climate, San Diego is located on the border with Mexico. The residents are so active outdoors that it is called “Sportstown, the U.S.A.” San Diego’s 70 miles of beaches are a heaven for swimmers, surfers, divers, boaters and sunbathers. Another favourite outside activity is golf. With 100 courses (about 50 of them public), San Diego is a golfer’s paradise.

Many San Diego residents came here first as tourists who were attracted by San Diego’s sunny beaches, nearby mountains and deserts, plus the cultural delights of any big city. The world-famous San Diego Zoo, Sea World, Wild Animal Park, museums, conceits and other attractions bring visitors from around the world.

The zoo is home to some 4,000 animals, including the world’s largest collection of parrots. Animals are displayed in natural settings, and there is a petting zoo for children. By contrast, the Wild Animal Park is a wildlife preserve with an area of over 2,000 acres and more than 3,000 free-roaming (漫步) animals in natural habitats.

In addition to housing the zoo, Balboa Park is home to several museums and attractions, including an aerospace museum, an art and history museum, the Old Globe Theatre, science museums and even a railroad museum. Free concerts are offered frequently. Another popular attraction is Sea World, a 150-acre marine park.

San Diego’s varied attractions, as well as its business climate, offer many opportunities for students to explore the local culture, meet people from around the world, and gain business experience. At San Diego State University, for example, students in the American Language Institute’s study tour program learn English both in the classroom and while sightseeing.