Information can come from many different sources and perspectives. But when you’re only hearing the same perspectives and opinions over and over again, you may be in something called an echo chamber(回声室效应).
Echo chambers can happen anywhere information is exchanged, whether it’s online or in real life. The Internet has a unique type of echo chamber called a filter bubble(过滤泡沫).
There’s no perfect way to avoid echo chambers, but here are a few tips that can help you stay on the right track.
| A．Echo chambers can also be tricky to recognize. |
| B．It is created by keeping track of what you click on. |
| C．What comes first is to step out of your comfort zone. |
| D．Are facts ignored whenever they go against that viewpoint? |
| E．Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact. |
| F．The first step is to expand your media consumption sources. |
| G．Do you pay attention to the reliable information around you? |
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【推荐1】It can be hard to be enthusiastic about your job after you’ve been at it for a while. This doesn’t necessarily mean you need a new job. There are so many different things you can try to help make your present job feel a little more exciting.
Change your routine.
Don’t be serious with yourself. It’s important to take your work seriously, but that doesn’t mean you have to take yourself too seriously. Happiness matters.
Take a vacation. Just because you feel bored at work, that doesn’t mean you aren’t also super busy and maybe even stressed. Routine tasks can be both dull and stressful. Stress and tension can affect feelings.
| A．Then, change it up a bit. |
| B．Learn something new every day. |
| C．And, it’s important to have fun at work. |
| D．Make more friends while working hard. |
| E．Maybe a vacation would do you some good. |
| F．You don’t have to quit your old job to learn something difficult. |
| G．One of the first steps toward shaking things up is to look at your daily pattern. |
【推荐2】Flex your memory muscles
You’ll remember more if you use your body and your brain, says our memory expert, Hancock. Muscle memory is a powerful thing.
Today, for example, I decided to go home a different way from my morning run. I spotted the new road I wanted to take, headed towards it... and before I knew it, I was back at my front door—having gone exactly the same way I always did! I’ll try again to take the scenic route next time. But muscle memory is actually a useful tool, and it can have a positive impact on your learning.
If you’re learning your part in a play, or preparing to give a speech from memory, repeat the same actions whenever you run through lines. You can even add extra movement instructions to your script (脚本) to make sure that you do the same things each time.
To remember a tough spelling, try writing it out by hand.
| A．When you’ve got a regular “to do” task |
| B．Without our conscious minds having much say |
| C．If you’ve used this word — or one like it — in the past |
| D．You can write again when you’ve really got something to remember |
| E．Here are some suggestions for using muscle memory to your advantage |
| F．These movements will become effective reminders for the words that go along with them |
| G．My exercises can increase strength in certain parts of my body and improve muscle memory |
【推荐3】People learn in different ways, and out of many forms of learning, one of particularly interesting—that is visual learning. Visual learners remember what they read over what they hear, and learn through sight. They are interested in using graphs and drawings to understand ideas.
While everyone has their own preference for learning, studies show that most people are visually inclined（有倾向的）.
Visual learners can learn effectively in many ways. First of all, a to-do list is a highly regarded technique.
Videos can easily catch people’s attention and allow us to recreate those stories into clear pictures in our minds.
| A．These attract the attention of the individual. |
| B．So why not include them in your learning? |
| C．And they get used to taking notes during class. |
| D．Why can visual learning help with effective learning? |
| E．The brain processes pictures faster than it does with words. |
| F．With so many things to do, it makes sense to get them organized in to-do lists. |
| G．Moreover, mind-mapping is a form of note-taking that benefits visual learning. |
【推荐1】Spring is just around the corner and there’s nothing like seeing the first robin of the season, which is a sign that warmer days are ahead. Now a new study conducted in Germany has found that the more often we see and hear birds chirping and singing, the happier we are. A team at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research discovered that being surrounded by a wide variety of birds can offer increasing life satisfaction equal to $150 per week of added income.
The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research took data from the 2012 European quality of Life Survey to measure how species diversity in birds affected 26,000 people in 26 European countries.
“According to our findings, the happiest Europeans are those who can experience numerous different bird species in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that arc home to many species,” explains the study’s lead author, Joel Methorst a professor at Goethe University in Frankfurt. “We also examined the socio-economic data of the people that were surveyed, and, much to our surprise, we found that birds diversity is as important for their life satisfaction as is their income,” he added.
Another study from the California Polytechnic University found that placing speakers with a variety of bird sounds on hiking trails improved the outdoor experience. The study was conducted in Colorado but the findings may improve hikers’ happiness everywhere. There was no difference in hikers' happiness whether the bird sounds were artificial, pre-recorded, or natural.
During a year of loss, stress, and uncertainty, the comforting sounds of nature have been crucial. A recent report from the Audubon Society found that sales of bird feeders, bird food, and birding apps have all increased during the pandemic, and participation in the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s annual Global Big Day 2020 broke records.
1. What can we learn from the study conducted in Germany?| A．The research team interviewed 26,000 people to collect data. |
| B．The number of bird species impacts people’s life satisfaction. |
| C．Natural bird sounds have better effects on increasing happiness. |
| D．The researchers recommended living in near-natural surroundings. |
| A．Sounds of Birds Cheer Hikers up on Hiking Trails |
| B．Birds Diversity is Catching the Eye of Researchers |
| C．Sales of Bird Supplies Increase during the Pandemic |
| D．Being Surrounded by Various Birds Can Make You Happier |
| A．In a biology textbook. |
| B．In a government report. |
| C．In a science magazine. |
| D．In a travel brochure. |
【推荐2】If you're looking to maximize the amount of fat burned in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started.
Researchers found that 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can raise the rate of fat burning during aerobic exercise.
The recommendation to exercise on an empty stomach in the morning to increase fat oxidation is common.
The results of the study showed that acute caffeine intake 30 minutes before performing an aerobic exercise test increased MFO during exercise regardless of the time of day.
| A．It is based on results gathered from 15 male volunteers. |
| B．However, this recommendation may lack a scientific basis. |
| C．Evidence is mounting that morning exercise is good for your health。 |
| D．A new study suggests it can make a significant difference to fat burning. |
| E．They are clear enough to suggest that there is some kind of association there. |
| F．Researchers have found that if cyclists take more caffeine, they will ride much faster. |
| G．Researchers were keen to look in detail at the relationship between caffeine and exercise. |
【推荐3】The sparkling drink (气泡酒), Champagne, which we’ve all come to adore has an interesting backstory. Back in the 1690s, wine growers in France were trying their best to develop a new version of wine that would rival Burgundy wines, which are considered to be the best money can buy. The pioneer leading this project was Dom Pierre Pérignon, who was a French monk.
However, these efforts kept failing. It was all down to the fermentation (发酵) process being stopped because of cold winters in the region. But then something magical happened. When springtime rolled around, the yeast (酵母) became active again. The delayed fermentation process caused carbon dioxide to be released in the bottles that the wine had been stored in.
The result? You guessed right: champagne!
However, in recent years, some have argued that an Englishman was actually the first to invent sparkling wine, which, they claimed, happened around 30 years earlier. A scientist named Christopher Merrett was apparently experimenting with different ideas, one of which involved adding sugar to wine. The debate continues, although we recommend you avoid saying this to any French people, especially if you are a guest in their house!
Today, the Champagne regions in France consist of over 34,000 hectares given to vineyards (葡萄园). It produces 300 million bottles of sparkling wine every single year. Interestingly enough, many argue that three grape varieties are used in the Champagne region. However, the truth is that there are actually seven varieties that can be used. The area is home to over 250 Champagne houses directing the industry. The industry directly employs around 30,000 people and had an annual global market size of nearly $6 billion U.S. dollars in 2021.
1. What does the underlined word “rival” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Be as good as. | B．Be as interesting as. |
| C．Be an addiction to. | D．Be an attachment to. |
| A．It ended up as a failure. |
| B．It was a complete accident. |
| C．It was contributed to by the cold weather. |
| D．It caused conflict among the French people. |
| A．Not giving up despite disappointing failures. |
| B．Not ignoring different ideas when doing experiments. |
| C．Not arguing with an Englishman about the origin of Champagne. |
| D．Not mentioning Merrett as the inventor of sparkling wine to a Frenchman. |
| A．The huge French Champagne industry. |
| B．A breakthrough of the Champagne houses. |
| C．An argument over the origin of Champagne. |
| D．The present condition of the Champagne region. |
