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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:111 题号:18725545

In Japan’s northeast Miyagi county, residents can find life partners via a government-sponsored, Artificial Intelligence-driven matchmaking service. Throughout the land, there are public and company-sponsored singles parties and “life design workshops” meant to urge young adults to make a concrete timeline for marriage and family. The city of Tokyo even teaches basic dating skills, such as the art of conversation.

Japan has the fastest-aging population of any post-industrial nation on earth. The current total birth rate -- the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime -- is1.3, well below the “replacement level” of 2.1 kids per woman, which is broadly accepted as the rate needed to ensure a stable population.

A periodic survey by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research found close to a fifth of men and about 15% of women expressing disinterest in marriage. Almost a third of men and a fifth of women in their fifties in Japan have never been married.

The country’s leadership is convinced that more marriages are the answer, so Japan’s new Children and Families Agency set to launch in April, will offer “marriage support service” in each of Japan’s 47 counties.

But many experts say the only way Japan can really save itself is by getting rid of the “male breadwinner, female carer” norms (准则) that continue to support policymaking and corporate management. “Post-industrial countries(like Sweden) that made it possible to balance work and family have not suffered large declines in birth rates,” Harvard sociologist Mary Brinton noted in arecent presentation.

Professor Masahiro Yamada, a sociologist at Chuo University, is doubtful whether Japan will escape its existential crisis. “It’s not a problem of matchmaking. It’s an issue of more men with unstable incomes,” he said. “Even among regular workers, relative incomes are falling.”

Lower incomes are far more of a discouragement to marriage in East Asia than in the U.S. or Europe, Yamada says, as Asian men put more emphasis on unilaterally(单方面)earning enough to support children. A truly effective policy, he argues, would double or triple investment in families instead of seniors. “Japan is going to sink, right along with its birth rate,” he warned. “And South Korea and China will be right behind us.”

1. What’s the function of AI-driven matchmaking service?
A.To offer a platform for seeking life partners.
B.To update the country’s basic dating service.
C.To sponsor residents to attend singles parties.
D.To teach young Japanese how to go on dates.
2. What can we learn from paragraphs 2 and 3?
A.Birth rate in Japan is higher than aging rate.
B.Japan’s population structure is out of balance.
C.Most of the Japanese dislike children or seniors.
D.Women are less likely to marry than men in Japan.
3. What does Masahiro Yamada think of the matchmaking service?
A.It leads to an increase of income.
B.It touches the surface of the issue.
C.It saves Japan from the present crisis.
D.It departs from Japan’s existing norm.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Can Japan increase its birth rate?
B.Will the service catch on in Japan?
C.Will Japanese men’s incomes rise?
D.Can Japanese balance work and family?

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阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项调查研究发现每天花太多时间在社交媒体上会影响年轻人的心理健康。

【推荐1】For some adolescents and teenagers, using social media can be as easy as breathing. But a study suggests there could be a hidden price: their mental health.

Young people who spend more than 3 hours a day on social media are more likely to suffer from depression (沮丧) , anxiety and other illnesses and are more likely to experience bad feelings about themselves, according to the study by Johns Hopkins University.

“Time spent on social media may increase the risk of experiencing cyberbullying (网络霸凌),’’ according to the study. Seeing others’ lives on social media “may also expose adolescents to idealized self-presentations that encourage social comparisons”.

But it might be difficult to break the close connection between young people and social media — something that’s ubiquitous and seemingly an extension of their personal lives.

“A 2018 Pew Research Center survey found that 97% of adolescents report using at least 1 of the 7 most popular social media platforms,” according to the study. “Moreover, digital media use by adolescents is common: 95% report owning or having access to a smartphone, and almost 90% report they are online at least several times a day.

The study sought to examine the data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health. Data was examined for some 6,600 adolescents aged 12 to 15 who reported spending time on social media during a typical day but who also reported mental health difficulties.

After weighing factors, the research found that the youngsters who spent more than three hours a day on social media were more likely to report mental problems, compared with adolescents who didn’t use social media.

One potential solution is to help young people reduce the time they spend online, according to Kira E. Riehm, the lead researcher. More importantly, she adds, parents should teach their children to think critically about what they’re seeing online, and that “idealized” photos of their friends don’t necessarily represent an ideal life.

1. What can cause mental problems of the young according to the study?
A.Too much learning pressure.
B.The occasional social comparisons.
C.Spending too much time daily on social media.
D.Holding negative opinions about others constantly.
2. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Very common.B.Rather strange.
C.Old-fashioned.D.Quite expensive.
3. How was the study carried out?
A.By having face-to-face interviews.
B.By conducting a series of surveys.
C.By collecting information from social media.
D.By analyzing the data from believable resources.
4. What does Kira E. Riehm want to emphasize (强调) in the last paragraph?
A.The benefit of a strict time limit.
B.The importance of critical thinking.
C.The necessity of representing an ideal life.
D.The frequency of family interaction.
2023-03-13更新 | 130次组卷
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【推荐2】Feeling hungry? If so, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy and hectic lives, or some other reasons that we lack the skills to prepare a meal for ourselves might add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.

Eating options (the freedom to choose) are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings or eager desires at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the recent corona virus (冠状病毒) crisis, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It’s estimated (估计) that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that its research “suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future”.

It’s no wonder we are tempted and attracted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity (肥胖) and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.

Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.

1. Why might some people choose to order a takeaway meal?
A.They might be too lazy to cook themselves.
B.They might never have the experience of cooking.
C.They might be so young that they can’t cook for themselves.
D.They might be too busy to cook or might be short of the skills to prepare a meal.
2. What is the quick and easy way to order your takeaway food?
A.Takeaway delivery appsB.A takeaway menuC.Grocery shopping.D.Going to the restaurant.
3. What’s the number of the takeaway meals eaten by people a day in the United Kingdom?
A.100.B.60,000.C.3,000,000D.3,000,000,0000
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The reasons of the great need of takeaway food.
B.The suggestions of making takeaways healthier.
C.The increases of takeaways in the future.
D.The results of fast food.
2022-01-22更新 | 115次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约240词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐3】Young people are being criticized for working from home again, with one professor saying it adversely affects their professional and romantic success.

Scott Galloway, a marketing professor at the New York University, spoke about the harms of being at home at The Wall Street Journal’s CEO Council Summit, on Wednesday.

A clip posted on TikTok shows Galloway saying, “You should never be at home. That’s what I tell young people. Home is for seven hours of sleep and that’s it. The amount of time you spend at home is oppositely correlated to your success professionally and romantically. You need to be out of the house.”

In another clip at the same event, the professor insisted that success and work-life balance do not go hand in hand. He said, “If you expect to be in the top 10% economically, much less the top 1%, buck up. Two decades plus, of nothing but work. That’s my experience.”

Galloway has long been an advocate of office working and shunned remote working habits because it weakens young people’s ability to build relationships and network. He previously advised young workers, “Before you collect dogs and spouses, get into the office, establish mentors, establish friends,” in an interview with CNN. He added that workers who get promoted are the ones with the best relationships at work.

1. What can be the harm of working from home according to Galloway?
A.Less successful careers.B.Imbalance between work and life.
C.Worse relationship at home.D.Loss of sleep time.
2. What can be Galloway’s advice to young workers?
A.Develop remote working habits.B.Keep a pet at home.
C.Establish relationships in the office.D.Get promotion at work.
2024-04-18更新 | 46次组卷
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