Although a few recreational snowmobilers (驾驶摩托雪橇者) destroy ecosystems as they ride through the wilderness, most snowmobilers love and respect America’s natural heritage. That’s why they brave the cold to explore what is left of wild America — including Yellowstone National Park. Unfortunately these snowmobilers are unconsciously damaging what they love. Because snowmobiles in the park not only create both air and noise pollution but also strains (使紧张) the already tight budget of the park service, recreational snowmobiles should be banned from Yellowstone National Park.
It may be hard to imagine that about 1,000 snowmobiles a day could lead to air pollution in a park half the size of Connecticut, but in fact they can. In addition to polluting the air, snowmobiles are noisy, disturbing the peace and silence that park visitors have a right to expect. One study reports that twelve snowmobiles traveling together could be heard as far as two miles away. Such noise affects the park’s wildlife.
Funds that should be used to preserve Yellowstone National Park and its wildlife have been used to deal with the snowmobile issue. Also, park rangers are spending an increasing amount of their valuable time policing snowmobilers, which takes away from park rangers’ primary responsibility—preserving this country’s treasured natural resources.
Opponents of a ban argue that a central mission of the park service is to provide access to national parks. Admittedly, winter access is important, but ordinary people can enjoy the park by means other than snowmobiles. Also, the park service’s mission is not just to provide access to the parks; no less important is its mission to preserve the parks’ pristine natural resources for future generations.
Even with a ban on snowmobiling in the park itself, the Yellowstone area would still earn the title of Snowmobiling Capital of America. All of the streets of West Yellowstone, the area’s major town, are open to snowmobilers, and many trails run out of the town. As to Yellowstone National Park, a ban on snowmobiles would allow the park service to devote more of its limited resources to one of its primary missions: the protection of natural resources. Visitors would still be able to appreciate Yellowstone’s beauty— its geysers, its wildlife, and its snow-covered vistas —throughout the park’s long winter.
1. What can we learn about most snowmobilers from paragraph 1?A.They enjoy winter adventures. | B.They try to reduce water pollution. |
C.They make a lot of money by snowmobiling. | D.They have destroyed the hottest snowmobling spot. |
A.Effects of air pollution. | B.Measures of wildlife protection. |
C.Rights expected by visitors. | D.Problems caused by snowmobiles. |
A.Solving snowmobile issues. | B.Providing access to the park. |
C.Protecting natural resources. | D.Collecting funds for the park. |
A.Preserving Yellowstone’s winter wilderness |
B.Solving financial problems of national parks |
C.Improving the service of Yellowstone National Park |
D.Exploring popular snowmobile destinations this winter |
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Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia warned, using solid science and careful analysis, of the dangers of overfishing. He didn’t mince words and he wasn’t afraid to report bad news. As the Guelph Mercury reported, the 54-year-old biologist, originally from Mississippi, was known for his research and warnings about the extinction of marine life around the world.
He developed a passion for marine protection during his days in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, where he worked for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans at a time when the industry was watching the collapse (崩溃) of the cod (鳕鱼) fishery. He became, says the Guelph Mercury, a lone, unpopular voice in the discussion about the cause of the collapse, insisting overfishing was the main factor. The world was spending its energy fighting over the few fish left instead of cutting catch limits before it was too late.
He warned governments, the fishing industry and consumers, that unless commercial fishing was reduced, many large marine species would become extinct, leading to economic disruptions, food shortages, and lasting damage to marine ecosystems. He said his conclusions were shocking because people had lost sight of the true effect of the declines and they did not look back far enough in history. In other words, he said, “We’ve forgotten how big fish used to be and how many of them once lived in the sea.”
1. Ransom Myers was known for his scientific work in _____.
A.physics | B.chemistry | C.biology | D.economics |
A.He always kept his promises |
B.He was spoken highly of by his workmates |
C.He was not good at giving lectures |
D.He said exactly what he thought |
A.He became interested in marine protection when the cod fishery was in danger of collapse. |
B.He wrote a book about the history of marine protection. |
C.He suggested that commercial fishing should be reduced. |
D.Many people turned a deaf ear to his warnings about the dangers of overfishing. |
A.they didn’t have a good knowledge of the living habits of fish |
B.they could still catch a great many big cod |
C.they didn’t know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery |
D.they thought his research was not based on a detailed analysis |
【推荐2】Now Sea World on the Gold Coast is the only dolphin park in Australia to continue keeping dolphins in captivity. This wouldn't have been possible without thousands of warm-hearted supporters being a voice for dolphins protection over many years.
In August last year, Ben Pearson, our head of campaigns in Australia and New Zealand, appeared before the NSW upper house inquiry into the use wild animals for entertainment to put forward our case for ban on captive Dolphin breeding in the state. “If a dolphin were bred today, it may still be alive in 2070. This regulation frees future dolphins from being kept in lockdown at a time when the public acceptability of keeping dolphins in captivity for entertainment is declining. As the tide turns against using marine mammals in captivity for entertainment, conversation about what will happen to the dolphins at Sea World needs to start now. First step is a ban on further breeding,” Ben Pearson said.
Major travel brands including Tripadvisor and Booking. com have already committed to stop selling tickets to dolphin shows and encounters. As well as these great changes for dolphins from the travel industry, Canada recently passed a ban on keeping dolphins and whales for entertainment. This is part of a global movement towards better treatment of these wild animals, which includes the nations of Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, India, Luxembourg, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK.
Dolphins are magnificent, intelligent animals. They belong in the wild and should not be bred in captivity for entertainment. In their natural environment, dolphins swim freely in 100 square kilometres of ocean, sometimes more, but the average dolphin in captivity has a fraction of that space. Together, we can make this the last generation of dolphins in captivity.
1. What makes Sea World on the Gold Coast the only dolphin park?A.Dolphins take too long a time to feed. |
B.People's awareness of protecting dolphins. |
C.Sea World on the Gold Coast has enough money. |
D.Dolphins in Sea World on the Gold Coast like people's voice. |
A.Wave. | B.Support. | C.Opinion. | D.Doubt. |
A.More parks for dolphins will be built. | B.More dolphins will be kept in parks. |
C.Wild animals will live a better life. | D.More countries will feed wild animals. |
A.Make Dolphins Live Freely | B.Protect Sea World on the Gold Coast |
C.Change the Ways of Entertainment | D.Prevent People from Feeding Animals |
【推荐3】On Feb. 23, an environmental advocacy group “Grassroots” led by students hosted its monthly clothing exchange. The clothing exchange is a free activity on campus where students can donate clothes in exchange for new ones.
“One of the key things about sustainability (可持续性) is to reuse,” Crystal Tynon, Co-president and Clothing Exchange Chair, said. “Instead of throwing away old clothes and buying new clothes, you can donate them and give them a new purpose. You might be done with those clothing items, but someone else might not be.”
According to Tynon, “Grassroots” is hoping to expand the activities to other schools. In order to do so, the team is brainstorming new ways to get the word out about donations, hours and events. Now, the clothing exchange is one of the club’s most well-known activities. “Throughout the semester when people realize we have these exchanges, they genuinely bring clothes and participate a lot more. So it does make a difference to clothing sustainability and it does create a community where everyone can share their clothes,” she added.
As “Grassroots” is an initiative dedicated to sustainability, paper advertisement is not an option. Instead, the center relies mostly on word-of-mouth and e-mail announcements. It is bringing speakers to campus to talk about sustainability and environmental advocacy. It also has partnerships with local organizations such as “the Sunrise Rochester”, working together to have volunteers become more involved in local sustainability.
Chloe Mendoza has been a volunteer since her freshman year. Not only does Mendoza appreciate the intended mission of promoting sustainability, but she also thinks the center has transformed into a safe and accepting community space for all students. Those who have come in looking for something practical often end up leaving with an armful of clothing and a heart full of warmth.
“My favorite part about working there is that we get to help people find things that they need for free. Just providing a place for students to go where there isn’t pressure to spend money is really important. A lot of students love saving, so it’s something that students can relate and engage with easily, so I think it’s a really easy way to get students more involved in sustainability,” says Mendoza.
1. Which of the following best describes Tynon’s feelings about their clothing exchange?A.Impressive. | B.Innovative. |
C.Demanding. | D.Rewarding. |
A.It relies heavily on paper advertisements. |
B.It cooperates with local institutions. |
C.It invites speakers to be volunteers. |
D.It earns instant fame in the community. |
A.It brings spiritual comfort. | B.It widens the circle of friends. |
C.It reduces academic pressure. | D.It gives a sense of achievement. |
A.Saving Up Through Clothing Exchange |
B.Engaging Students in “Grassroots” Events |
C.Clothing Exchange Is the Only Way for Sustainability |
D.Environmental Advocacy — “Grassroots” Catches On |
【推荐1】"If you don't have time to read, you won't have time or tools to write," writes Stephen King in his memoir. He goes on to explain writers must read widely and frequently to develop their own voice and to learn how to write sentences and structure stories in ways that make readers want to pick up their work and read it.
This idea that we must be readers first in order to be writers is echoed throughout books on writing and is often the first piece of advice that authors offer to aspiring novelists. " The more we read, the faster we can perform that magic trick of seeing how the letters have been combined into words that have meaning," writes best-selling author Francine Prose in Reading Like a Writer.
According to a recent University of Florida study of 48 MBA students, what students read in college directly affects the level of writing they achieve. In the study, researchers surveyed students about their reading materials and habits, and they also took a writing sample from their cover letters. Researchers then ran those samples—as well as samples from news stories the participants had read—through programs to assess the writings' complexity.
Upon analyzing their findings, researchers concluded that students who read academic journals and literary fiction scored higher in measures of writing complexity than those who primarily read popular fiction or web contents published on sites like BuzzFeed, Reddit and The Huffington Post.
Research has found that deep reading is distinctive from other types of reading in which we merely read text superficially. The language found in literary fiction, for example, is complex and rich in detail and metaphor. And the brain handles this language by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if you were experiencing the event in real life.
Regardless of what science may say about how reading affects writing though, writers themselves tend to agree that you can't be a successful writer unless you are first a voracious(求知欲强的)reader. By reading, writers not only accumulate knowledge, but they also gain a better understanding of language, learn their genre(风格),grow their vocabulary and most importantly, find inspiration.
Perhaps that's why when the late writer and Nobel Prize winner Jose Saramago was asked about his daily writing routine, he said," I write two pages. And then I read and read and read."
1. How does the author describe the effect of reading on writing in the first paragraph?A.By using a novelist's words. | B.By making a comparison. |
C.By referring to a study. | D.By introducing a concept. |
A.The quality of reading materials affects people's writing level. |
B.People tend to read articles on web pages. |
C.Reading is more important than writing. |
D.People who read more are more likely to write better. |
A.A successful writer must first grow his/ her vocabulary. |
B.A successful writer must be experienced in real life. |
C.A successful writer must be attractive to his/ her potential readers. |
D.A successful writer must be first a"greedy" reader. |
A.Reading plays an important part in writing. |
B.People's reading habits are changing as time goes by. |
C.Deep reading is necessary for every writer. |
D.Writers tend to find inspiration from reading. |
【推荐2】People are divided into those who can jump out of bed each morning and those who need several hours to wake up. I have hated getting up early all my life. The moment the alarm goes off in the morning, I feel sick. Nights, though, are different; I'll happily stay up and I'll do anything to escape an early start.
This makes me an owl, but I know many lark who insist that dawn is the best part of the day. While I go to work sleepy, they have been up for hours and even seem cheerful about it. But it is wrong to say that society is exactly divided into larks and owls.
Surveys that explore what time of day people prefer to do activities show that only 20% of adults ate true larks or owls. That leaves 80% of us—half of which lean towards one direction or the other, the other half are neither.
Schools and work often start very early, and there's a sense of love for getting up early while owls are simply slovenly. But no one suggests that larks are lazy for having an early night while owls are working.
Fortunately, science is on my side. I'm not sleeping my life away or missing the best part of the day. I'm behaving according to my genes. Researchers have found that one's chronotype is largely genetic. So it seems that when I try to get up early I am fighting my genes. With the help of an alarm clock I can force myself to get up early. But as soon as I fail to set the alarm my genes will return me to my old ways.
1. What do we know about the surveys mentioned in the passage?A.20% of adults are true larks. | B.40% of adults are neither larks nor owls. |
C.Half of people seem to be owls. | D.People can only be divided into larks and owls. |
A.lazy | B.bored | C.tired | D.stupid |
A.What helps us fall asleep. | B.How much sleep we need. |
C.What makes people owls or larks. | D.How to change one's sleep pattern. |
【推荐3】If you have spent any time reading blogs or papers on teaching strategies in the past few years, you have probably noticed a strong backlash against rote memory(机械记忆), in favor of constructivist (建构主义的)activities and“project-based learning”.
The actual memorizing of facts, many agree, is an outdated educational practice, since anyone could search information on the Internet nowadays. They think that schools should focus constructivist activities on getting skills and knowledge.
However, learning by rote memory is more important than you think. There are many cases in which having knowledge immediately at the tip of your tongue can have great social and professional value. For example, last night at a networking event, when I casually asked a Nigerian businessman how much of his business was conducted in English against in his native Yoruba, he immediately became more engaged in our conversation. It was a simple fact that speaking Yoruba in Nigeria seemed to increase my social trust, and therefore our relationship.
The same goes for professional settings. If I am a medicine salesman talking to a doctor about a specific digestion drug, and he asks if it has any effect on the process of peristalsis(肠蠕动), it will look quite unprofessional if I have to pull out my medical dictionary to look up the word. Those facts need to be remembered in my brain so I can access them immediately!
Most situations need more personalized learning. Of course, most constructivist educators will argue that real-life simulations, on-the-job training, and project-based learning are more effective at learning new concepts than rote memory. The problem is that no single cost-effective constructivist activity will guarantee that you will be exposed to all the concepts you need or that you will fully remember the facts that you are exposed to. If you actually want to acquire a full range of knowledge about a given topic, the most guaranteed and efficient way to do so is to study by rote memory and practice time and again.
1. Which can best replace the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 1?A.determination | B.opposition |
C.response | D.inspiration |
A.Insight learning | B.Rote memory |
C.Constructivism | D.Emotional education |
A.To stress the importance of speaking Yoruba |
B.To show how to improve communication skills |
C.To show the power of social and professional value |
D.To support his view about learning by rote memory |
A.Rote Memory Is More Important than You Think |
B.School Activities Are the Main Way to Gain Knowledge |
C.Project-Based Learning Is a More Effective Learning Way |
D.Constructivist Activities Are Equal to Project-Based Learning |