By now, nearly everyone knows we can be addicted to our digital devices. The average smartphone user rarely goes two hours without using her device, unlocks her device 50 or more times a day, and swipes or taps on it as many as 2,617 times in the process. The youth are particularly affected: A 2018 Pew Research Center report found that 44 percent of teens said they often check their devices for messages or notifications as soon as they wake up, 54 percent said they spend too much time on their mobile phone, and 42 percent feel anxiety when they do not have it.
A device addiction is quite harmful. It is associated with depression and anxiety. According to the technology research firm Compare Camp, 26 percent of car accidents in the U.S. today are due to the use of smartphones while driving. These problems are obvious to almost everyone; the solutions, less so. Some experts suggest taxation to help limit digital overuse, similar to the way the government discourages tobacco use. Others say the only way to beat an addiction is to quit cold turkey and go device-free.
But in a world of electronic payments, digital documents, and remote work, a truly smartphone-free lifestyle is getting less and less practical. A better—and, for many of us, more reasonable—approach is to manage addictive behavior by moderating device use. This isn’t just a matter of setting screen-time limits you can easily break; rather, you can start to develop specific habits to replace the unhealthy ones that keep sending you back to your phone.
The digital-technology scholar Cal Newport recommends the “phone foyer” method, wherein he leaves his phone by the front door when he walks into his house, and doesn’t put it in his pocket until he leaves again. If he needs to look at it, he does so only in the foyer. Just as the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus taught in his Discourses, “No man is free who is not master of himself.”
1. How does the writer explain phone addiction in paragraph 1?A.By giving reasons. | B.By listing numbers. |
C.By raising questions. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.Charging a tax. | B.Stop eating turkeys. |
C.Stop using smartphones. | D.Discouraging smoking. |
A.To show respect to Epictetus. | B.To prove the “phone foyer” method. |
C.To advise people to be a master. | D.To inspire people to get rid of phone addiciton. |
A.How to Break a Phone Addiction | B.Effect of Phone Addiction on Teens |
C.Phone Addiction Ruins Our Freedom | D.Device Addiction Contributes to Depression |
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【推荐1】A new student group in the Highline district, south of Seattle, wants youth to have a say in hiring educators.
Jordyn Famimiko, a 17-years-old, is president of her school’s Black Student Union(BSU). She says it’s critically important to get a more diverse teaching staff. Eighty percent of students in the Highline district are youth of color. But people of color make up only 25 percent of the teaching staff. Across Washington, youth of color are about 47 percent of the student population, and people of color consist of 13 percent of teaching staff.
“I feel like students on every level need to feel safe, they need to feel valuable,” she said. “It’s not to say that minority students can’t connect with their white teachers, however, just right off the bat there is some disconnect there culturally.”
Mary Belay, 17, is entering her senior year at Mount Rainier High School in Des Moines and is an officer in her school’s Black Student Union. She helped contact BSUs at other schools to form the student association and initiate(发起)a districtwide discussion about their experiences as students of color.
The new student group met recently with Superintendent Susan Enfield. Highline does have a policy that calls for “hiring teams to reflect the diversity of our schools and community.” Mary said, to put that into practice, the district needs to include youth representation.
Highline district spokesperson Catherine Carbone Rogers said in an email that the district has included students on hiring teams for principals. The district is now considering ways to give students a role in the teacher hiring process, though it may be difficult to include students in interviews of candidates because those decisions often happen quickly and teachers of color are in high demand.
1. What’s the function of the statistics in Paragraph 2?A.To tell most students in Highline are of color. |
B.To call on people of color to become teachers. |
C.To show people of color can’t be teachers easily. |
D.To indicate unbalanced rate of students and teachers of color. |
A.To have a say in hiring educators. |
B.To connect with the white teachers. |
C.To initiate a districtwide discussion. |
D.To ensure students’ sense of security. |
A.Students decide which principals to employ. |
B.Highline district employs youth on hiring teams. |
C.The schools are in great need of teachers of color. |
D.Students are given a role in interviewing candidates. |
【推荐2】Whether you admit it or not, people’s love for Christmas jumpers (毛衣) around Christmas has increased over recent years. And while you may be less willing to get involved in the Christmas jumper trend, Christmas Jumper Day now enables you to do more with your jumper than build up sweat in an incredibly warm office.
The origin of the Christmas jumper can date back to the late 19th century in the USA. Americans in the 1930s knitted (编织) for Christmas to create an item of clothing to keep them “warm” during the tough period- the Great Depression. They copied the jumpers they saw their favorite stars wearing on the big screen. From the 1950s, it was common to see American families wearing festive jumpers as they sat down to eat their Christmas dinner.
Now, alongside wearing a festive jumper for the fun of it, there are other positive outcomes. Christmas Jumper Day has been set up to encourage people to make the world better and raise funds tor Save the Children by wearing a Christmas jumper and making a minimum donation of £1. Ladbrokes, a company, in the UK, is running a competition in which all you have to do is take a selfie (自拍) outside of one of their shops while wearing a jumper- the winner will win a good prize and for every submission Ladbrokes will donate f5 to St. Luke’s Hospital charity. For you, it’s a win-win situation.
If you’re still unconvinced that it’s about time you bought yourself a Christmas jumper, then maybe the fact that Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg have all been spotted wearing Christmas jumpers will raise your enthusiasm. Retailers (零售商) such as Topshop, Burberry and H&M have also become committed to Christmas Jumper Day and have their very own types of Christmas jumpers.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A.Christmas jumpers serve many functions. |
B.Wearing Christmas jumpers in the office has been a trend. |
C.Christmas jumpers have gained huge popularity. |
D.Everyone should have a Christmas jumper. |
A.To protect them from cold weather. | B.To lift their spirits. |
C.To follow the stars they like. | D.To establish a tradition. |
A.You may help others and win some money. |
B.You may raise awareness and save resources. |
C.You may make a donation and achieve fame. |
D.You may get some aid and promote Ladbrokes. |
A.To encourage people to donate Christmas jumpers. |
B.To show the significance of Christmas Jumper Day. |
C.To persuade readers to purchase a Christmas jumper. |
D.To prove Christmas jumpers are popular among stars. |
【推荐3】Self-driving technology is expected to have a great effect on public health and reduce the 1.25 million deaths every year on global roads. At the same time, this new technology is a threat to the employment of the millions who are paid to sit behind the wheel — from truck drivers to cab drivers and delivery workers.
Baidu chief scientist Andrew Ng, an expert in the world of artificial intelligence, acknowledges the unemployment concerns, but he sees a way forward that offers society the benefits of autonomous vehicles and blunts the negative (消极的) effects of job losses.
Baidu plans to have commercial self-driving cars on the road in 2018. “I feel a strong moral responsibility to try to make self-driving cars a reality as quickly as possible,” Ng said in a visit to The Washington Post. At Baidu, a Chinese tech company where Ng is developing self-driving technology, the number 3,000 has become a rallying call (号召), representing the number of humans killed every day on roads. For Ng self-driving cars are a good example of the benefits of what he calls the golden age of artificial intelligence.
But for humans who could lose their jobs in this golden age, governments could offer a solution. “We as a society have a responsibility to help those whose jobs are displaced by this value — creating artificial intelligence,” Ng said. “I think everyone in this country has a right to the chance of having a great life.”
He is an advocate for basic income, in which governments pay citizens a nominal (象征性的) amount to guarantee a basic standard of living. Several Northern European countries are planning basic income experiments. Ng also suggests an adjustment to basic income — paying the unemployed to study online and prepare for a new career.
1. Once self-driving cars are available, drivers and delivery workers may ________.A.lose their jobs | B.eam more money |
C.work for Baidu | D.get basic income |
A.Avoids. | B.Increases. | C.Weakens. | D.Causes. |
A.Offering them self— driving cars. | B.Funding them to learn new living skills |
C.Ensuring them to have a great life. | D.Providing them with new careers. |
A.A science magazine. | B.A transport website. |
C.A government report. | D.A tour guide. |
【推荐1】As the saying goes, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.” This is the way the charity organization Heifer International (国际小母牛慈善组织) wants to end world hunger.
It began in the 1930s when an American farmer, Dan West, went to Spain to help people in need. He tried to feed the people with milk. But it seemed that there would never be enough milk. It made him think that what they needed was “not a cup, but a cow”.
Dan West returned to America. He worked together with some friends to find ways to end hunger. He believed giving animals and providing training would stop world hunger. With his help, Heifer International was set up.
On Heifer International’s website, you will see a list of animals like cows, chickens, pigs and even fish and bees. You can offer help by buying some animals for one certain family. Those animals will have babies. With more and more animals, these families will be able to support themselves. Once these families get better lives, they will pass on the act of kindness to others. More importantly, you are buying the resources (资源) for programs run by Heifer International to help more families.
The programs also help small-sized farms. As a rule, each farmer must give his animal’s first female ( 雄性) baby to another in need. Heifer International also provides training on animals health and feeding. And these farmers all agree to teach others what they have learned as another rule.
However, there is still a long way to go. The milk may run out. But if families have their own cows, they can get plenty of milk to feed themselves. The organization wants the farmers to go on working together, helping each other and learning from each other. Maybe hunger can really be stopped.
1. According to the passage, we know that Dan West_________.A.set up a team in Spain | B.helped people with enough fish |
C.was a Spanish farmer | D.helped set up Heifer International |
A.Heifer International makes a list of animals on its website. |
B.Farmers in the program must teach others how to feed animals. |
C.Farmers in the program must give all the animals’ babies to others. |
D.Heifer Intermational provides training on animals' health and feeding. |
(①=Para.1 ②=Para.2 ③=Para.3 ④=Para.4 ⑤= Para.5 ⑥= Para.6)
A.①;②③;④⑤;⑥ | B.①;②③;④;⑤⑥ | C.①②;③;④⑤;⑥ | D.①②③;④;⑤;⑥ |
A.Advice on Feeding Cows | B.A Cow Instead of a Cup |
C.The Charity Organizations | D.An American Farmer |
【推荐2】Some African schools are adding programs that teach what officials are calling “soft skills” to students. Soft skills are personal qualities that help a person relate effectively to others. Officials say this kind of training can help students succeed in the job market and in life.
The training is being offered at the St. Bernadette Kamonyi Secondary School in Kigali, Rwanda. For weeks, its students have been visiting neighborhood businesses. The goal of these field trips is for the young people to learn what is necessary to secure a job.
For the secondary school students, this information is important. In a few months, they’ll complete their studies and try their best to find work. One of the Rwandan students is 22-year-old Aminadab Niyitegeka. He says he will look for any job available. He hopes that what he learns in his work readiness class will help. Traditionally, secondary schools in Africa have spent more time on subjects like mathematics and science, largely ignoring areas like public speaking and teamwork. But that is changing. Schools are exploring new teaching models to offer soft skills and professional training. It is part of an effort to perpare students to become better communicators, problem solvers and citizens (公民).
Rwanda has started a work readiness training program called Akazi Kanoze Access. It means “work well done” in Kinyarwanda, the official language of Rwanda. The program has trained more than 20,000 students to help make them more appealing to employers.
Emmanuel Ntagungira is a teacher and works as a trainer for Akazi Kanoze Access. He often visits employers who have given jobs to high schools. The employers are very happy because the graduates are ready to work. He says he hopes the program will help lower unemployment, which stands at over 13 percent nationwide. He also explains that the graduates have a healthy mindset and employers are satisfied with the job they’ve been doing.
1. Why do St. Bernadette Kamonyi Secondary School students visit neighborhood businesses?A.To find some suitable jobs for them. |
B.To explore new learning methods. |
C.To help the neighbors with daily affairs. |
D.To learn some skills to get a job. |
A.Subjects like mathematics and science. |
B.Public speaking and teamwork. |
C.Communicating skills with employers. |
D.New teaching models and skills. |
A.Instructive. | B.Beneficial. | C.Persuasive. | D.Controversial. |
【推荐3】The accent is the way you pronounce the words of a language. Everyone has an accent, and no one is accent-free. And for every accent, there are groups of people who react badly to it. These reactions are the result of prejudice. No accent is free from such prejudices.
I have held and expressed prejudices about other people’s accents. Over the decades, my experience of working with people from a wide range of backgrounds has led me to give up these prejudices. However, I still have prejudices that I find difficult to control in relation to some particular accents.
Language experts tell us that no accent is better than any other. But the reality is that the wider world likes the idea of simple rules which tell us what is right and wrong. We like to judge others on the basis of these rules. If you break these rules, you are somehow to blame. Jacob Rees Mogg recalls when he first stood unsuccessfully for election (选举) in Fife, Scotland: “I gradually realized that whatever I happened to be speaking about, the number of voters in my favor dropped as soon as I opened my mouth.”
And some people make their accents sound gentler when talking to people outside their circle of family and friends. However, Sky News ran a report recently in which a British woman Jemima was trying to sound less posh (上等人的), because she didn’t like random people telling her that she must be rich and from an upper-class background.
Lastly, it’s worth being reminded that people can be accented — even highly accented — and still be easily understood.
1. What does the author think of accent prejudice?A.It is reasonable. | B.It is hard to avoid. |
C.It should be banned. | D.It causes serious social issues. |
A.He was unwise. |
B.He spoke with an accent. |
C.He broke the election rules. |
D.He was unable to make himself understood. |
A.Change her accent. |
B.Speak the standard English. |
C.Pretend to be a well-educated person. |
D.Speak with the upper-class British accent. |
A.People had better speak without an accent. |
B.Everybody has prejudices about accents. |
C.People should be proud of their accents. |
D.People are judged by their accents. |