In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize and control your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is key to success in almost any field and it is especially important for high-stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I’ve seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over unimportant things because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it’s okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, think deeply on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you’re feeling, especially when the pressure is on?
1. According to the passage, what is “emotional intelligence”?2. In what occasion is Emotional Intelligence especially important?
3. How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions?
4. In your daily life, what can you do to better manage your emotions? Please give some examples.
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【推荐1】Emotions are like our best friend. They have always been a part of our lives and have been influencing our personalities from the very beginning. However, this begs the question — where do emotions come from?
Evolutionary (进化论的) psychologists believe that emotions are adaptations that have evolved in response to the challenges faced by our ancestors. They believe that emotions are innate (先天的), meaning that we are born with them wired into our brains.
Some psychologists restrict their claims to a small set of “basic” emotions, which are called the Big Six — happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger and disgust.
Critics of evolutionary psychology argue that emotions are socially constructed. They reject the evolutionary theory of emotions being involuntary; instead, they believe that emotions are voluntary choices we trick ourselves into treating as involuntary.
Defendants of this view believe that our culture influences how we should feel and what we should do in a given situation. When we feel an emotion and act on it, we engage in a behavior that is prescribed by our culture.
People argue that our presumption that emotions are involuntary, such as anger, may just be a convenient illusion (幻觉). To be angry, we need to understand something as offensive (冒犯的), which is likely based on culturally informed moral judgments. In that case, how can anger be an animal reflex (本能反应)?
Moreover, anger is not seen in all cultures. In Inuit culture, people rarely show any signs of anger, probably since threatening responses would be too risky in a small culture surviving in harsh conditions. The Malay language of Malaysia doesn’t even have a word meaning “anger”!
The fact that culture can affect the incidence and intensity of our emotions makes them look less like biological truths and more like the product of social constructs.
From my perspective, evolutionary psychologists underestimate the contributions of culture and learning, whereas social constructionists over-emphasize the same. Basically, we need an explanation that can steer between both these extremes.
The next time you feel a complex emotion bubbling up (冒出), the key is to determine the underlying basic emotions so you can take action that is the most helpful in keeping you balanced and emotionally under control!
1. What do evolutionary psychologists believe?A.We are born with emotions. |
B.Personalities influence emotions. |
C.Emotions are learned. |
D.Humans have six different emotions. |
A.Copied. |
B.Remembered. |
C.Translated. |
D.Required. |
A.Emotions play a major role in survival. |
B.People in poor circumstances have emotions. |
C.People solve problems with the help of emotions. |
D.Emotions are socially constructed. |
A.Finding out the real core emotions. |
B.Taking action to ignore basic emotions. |
C.Striking a balance between life and work. |
D.Making efforts to build confidence. |
【推荐2】A person, like a commodity(商品), needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration(夸张) will do no harm when it shows the person's unique qualities to their advantages. To show personal attractiveness in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself. A skilled packager knows how to add art to nature without any signs of embellishment so that the person so packaged is not a commodity, but a human being, lively and lovely.
A young person, especially a female, shining with beauty and full of life, has all the favor granted. Youth however, comes and goes in a flash. Packaging for the middle-aged is primarily to hide the marks made by years. If you still enjoy life enough to keep self-confidence and work at pioneering work, you are unique in your natural qualities, and your attractiveness and grace will remain. Elderly people are beautiful if their river of life has been, through plains, mountains and jungles, running its course as it should. You have really lived your life, which now arrives at a self - satisfied stage of quietness and calmness with no interest in fame or wealth. There is no need to make use of hair dyeing. The snow-capped mountain itself is a beautiful scene of fairyland. Let your looks change from young to old in step with the natural ageing process so as to keep in harmony with nature, for harmony itself is beauty, while the other way round will only end in unpleasantness. To be in the company of the elderly is like reading a thick book of good edition, which attracts one so much that one is unwilling to part with it. As long as one finds where one stands, one knows how to package oneself, just as a commodity sets up its brand by the right packaging.
1. The underlined word in the first paragraph is closest to the word ______ in meaning.A.decoration | B.clarification |
C.movement | D.identification |
A.people should be packaged at all ages |
B.people should be packaged in a special way |
C.elderly people also care about packaging |
D.proper packaging makes people attractive |
A.hardly exists | B.is the strongest |
C.comes from the inside | D.comes from the appearance |
A.dye your hair | B.make up at a young age |
C.follow the ageing process | D.give up fame and wealth |
A.are usually packaged like a finely-made book |
B.experience a lot and have rich knowledge of life |
C.do a lot of traveling and can give you much information |
D.enjoy reading thick books about beautiful nature and fairyland |
【推荐3】Finding the words to explain how you feel isn’t always easy. This is why young people’s mental health charity has made “My Voice Matters” the theme of this year’s Children’s Mental Health Week.
Do you have trouble sharing your thoughts or worry no one will listen if you do? Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. Dr Julia Clements, a psychologist, says that it means expressing your views, thoughts and feelings, not bottling them all up, and being open to hearing the thoughts, feelings and views of others too.
Clements suggests practising conversations with friends, parents or carers on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. If you’re struggling to explain your feelings, find a way that feels right for you, whether it’s talking face-to-face or writing it down.
A.What does speaking up mean? |
B.What are the benefits of speaking up? |
C.Making yourself heard isn’t about shouting the loudest. |
D.Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you are confused about something. |
E.Everyone has their own unique way of processing and sharing their feelings. |
F.Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them. |
G.Words have the power to uplift someone’s spirits and make a positive impact on their day. |
【推荐1】One day when I was 5, my mother scolded me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. In my angry motion to open the screen door with my foot, I had kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no remorse, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.
Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have scolded my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for such behavior. They never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, a breach (裂缝) in the defense against unwanted insects.
For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would constantly remind me of my mistake. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. I would wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insect entered our home, making life more terrible for us all.
My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhaps could not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Above all, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.
1. The underlined word “remorse” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ________.A.injury | B.sense | C.regret | D.notice |
A.scolded him for what he had done | B.gave him a spanking |
C.told him how expensive it was | D.left the door unrepaired |
A.He felt it destroyed the happy atmosphere at his home. |
B.He found that his family members no longer liked him. |
C.He felt ashamed of his uncontrolled anger at that time. |
D.He felt he had to work hard to make up for the damage. |
A.to have a better control of himself |
B.not to go against his parents’ will |
C.to hide his anger away from others |
D.not to make mistakes in the future |
A.Parents are the best teachers of their children. |
B.What is the best way to become a more patient person. |
C.Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior. |
D.Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people. |
【推荐2】Teachers help shape us into the people we become. They teach us academic skills, but their impact extends far beyond the classroom. Teacher Appreciation Week runs from May 2 to May 6. People across the country use this special week to show teachers how important they are to their lives. We asked our teachers to tell us about their most inspiring teachers. Read about these outstanding educators and recommend your favourite ones.
The teachers who inspires me is my art teacher, Mrs. Imel. Mrs. Imel is the best person I have known. She is always smiling and saying, “I love it! I love it” She believes in me and in every child she teaches.
——Makena Weiscopf, 11
Ms. Berra has helped me become a happier learner. She makes her class funny, and makes school funnier. When the class doesn’t understand anything, she explains it in a funny way that makes sense. She makes everybody laugh all through her class.
——Victor Padilla, 10
My 6thgrade language and literature teacher in my former school in India was Mrs. Dias. She always made sure we got to class on time and helped us with problems outside of school. Mrs. Dias also taught me to always believe in myself, no matter what the odds were. I will always remember the valuable lessons she taught me and I will always remember her.
——Akshitha Veeramachaneni, 12
I am a Chinese citizen and moved to the US in 2014. In fifth grade, I met a teacher named Mr. Mabushay. Every day, I went to his class and he taught me how to speak to people and act according to American culture. He taught me the importance of having an open mind. He inspired me to expand my vocabulary and come out of my shell. Now, I am no longer feeling lonely. It feels great to have lasting friendship with my classmates and my English continues to get better every day. Thanks, Mr. Mabushay!
—— Tingwei Ye,13
1. What can we learn about Mrs. Imel?A.She is feeling very lonely. | B.She teaches language and literature. |
C.She tends to make her class funny. | D.she loves smiling. |
A.humorous | B.kind-hearted. | C.strict | D.dull. |
A.Smile every day | B.Believe in yourself. |
C.Communicate with others. | D.Become a creative artist |
【推荐3】It is an honor for me to deliver this speech and on behalf of the graduating students, welcome you to this special ceremony 2020.
This is a unique moment. We are stepping up to another phase of our lives at a time of great hardship and global difficulties. Hope this ceremony will help erase sad memories, refresh beautiful ones and add more splendid memories into our lives.
I was born in the middle of war, which caused my family to move to Serbia for three years. When the war ended, we returned to Bosnia. My mother, who is and will ever be my heroine, was the only figure who guided me, provided for me and kept me on the right track, in the hope for a better life. I owed her so much as she is responsible for huge part of my success. I will always remember her teachings “to complain less and always find solutions at the price of whatever it takes” , which brought me to China, an ancient land of new hopes.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, I got the best opportunity to understand China. I saw millions of people united with one goal-to win the battle against this epidemic. I have never seen such a collective dedication from a nation, turning things for the better by sacrificing personal convenience on a grand scale. China's governance and health care system proves to be one of the most efficient in the world. With a population of 1.4 billion, China not only has successfully controlled the transmission of the corona-virus but also assisted many other countries across the globe.
Everyone has a role to play in the battle against the virus. In Tsinghua, I played a tiny but necessary role: Staying on campus, studying online, cooperating during temperature checks and respecting social distancing measures. The rules set by the university and Chinese government had everyone's health and safety as first priority. This made me feel safe and confident that China was on the right track towards victory. Throughout this time, despite the immense challenges, Tsinghua has facilitated many online conferences, which helped me nurture more skills in my field of study.
……
Let's undertake everything we can for the sake of unity, humanity and the international community. Let's work together for a more promising future and prosperous world.
1. In the author's eyes, the special ceremony 2020 shouldA.be a unique moment to deliver speech |
B.be a time to say good-bye to hard times |
C.be a moment to open a new chapter of life |
D.be a specific time to embrace a beautiful past |
A.she expected to escape the terrible war |
B.she longed to possess her own career |
C.she was encouraged by her inspiring mom |
D.she found the good control of COVID-19 in China |
A.The rules of the government. |
B.The joint devotion of the nation. |
C.The breaking-out of the epidemic. |
D.The great challenges of the school. |
【推荐1】From self-driving cars to carebots (care+ robots) for elderly people, rapid development in technology has long represented a possible threat to many jobs normally performed by people. But experts now believe that almost 50 percent of occupations existing today will be completely unnecessary by 2035 as artificial intelligence (AI) continues to change businesses.
“The next fifteen years will see a revolution in how we work, and a revolution will necessarily take place in how we plan and think about workplaces,” said Peter Andrew, Director of Workplace Strategy for CBRE Asia-Pacific. A growing number of jobs in the future will require creative intelligence, social skills and the ability to use artificial intelligence.
The report is based on interviews with 200 experts, business leaders and young people from Asia-Pacific, Europe and North America. It shows that in the US technology already destroys more jobs than it creates. But the report states, “Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs—just changing what people do.” Growth in new jobs could occur as much, according to the research. “The growth of 20- to 40-person companies that have the speed and technological know-how will directly challenge big companies,” it states.
Another study by Pew Research Centre found 52 percent of experts in artificial intelligence and robotics were optimistic about the future and believed there would still be enough jobs in the next few years. The optimists pictured “a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create.”
“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created. Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people, there were billions of jobs. There is no shortage of things that need to be done and that will not change,” Microsoft’s Jonathan Grudin told researchers.
1. Why are carebots mentioned?A.To give a definition. | B.To provide an example. |
C.To make a comparison. | D.To explain a theory. |
A.People will take the place of AI. |
B.US technology balances job opportunities. |
C.Many people have to change occupations. |
D.Big companies are more innovative and flexible. |
A.Hopeful. | B.Doubtful. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Worried |
A.Art. | B.Travel. | C.Education. | D.Technology. |
【推荐2】Nao, the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team. When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down. When he’s happy, he raises his arms for a hug. Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that Nao is a robot.
“We’re modeling the first years of life,” says Lola Canamero, a computer scientist at the University of Hertforshire. “The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”
In the future, says the scientist, robots are likely to act as companions, provide support for old people, and help people shop online. In such uses, the display of feeling will be important in making the interactions(交往) more natural and comfortable.
Nao has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child. It can memorize faces, and knows the basic rules of good and bad. Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on. The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but Nao decides for itself when to display them.
Nao is also programmed to have different personalities. A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications. Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents. Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious. “We want to explore different roles—the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do. We want to help the children to control their anxiety.” she says.
1. What can we learn from the text?A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create Nao’s emotions. |
B.The time when Nao displays feelings has been pre-programmed. |
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production. |
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable. |
A.displays different feelings in different situations |
B.is able to imitate adult emotional displays |
C.can remember people’s feelings |
D.learns emotions from facial expressions |
A.Courage. | B.Anxiety. |
C.Anger. | D.Satisfaction. |
A.The relationship between humans and robots. |
B.The roles that robots play in different fields. |
C.The first robot able to show feelings. |
D.The long history of robots. |
【推荐3】A team of three students won $700,000 this week for using artificial intelligence (AI) to read passages from an ancient papyrus scroll (纸草卷轴). The document is one of the more than 800 scrolls known as the Herculaneum papyri that were carbonized by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Researchers discovered the passages in the 18th century, but attempts to read them proved in vain: Unfolding them by hand only caused them to fall apart.
That’s where the Vesuvius Challenge comes in. Brent Seales, a computer scientist, and two businessmen, Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross, launched the Vesuvius Challenge in March 2023, offering more than $1 million in prize money for reaching a series of milestones using “computer vision, machine learning and hard work”. For the biggest prize, the organizers released high-resolution CT scans of the scrolls and explained the contest’s rules: Participants would need to decipher (破译) at least 85 percent of four passages. A series of smaller prizes were also awarded throughout the year.
The winning team consists of Nader (an Egyptian PhD student in Germany), Julian Schilliger (a robotics student in Switzerland) and Luke Farritor (a computer science student in Nebraska). Their submission was “met with widespread amazement” by the review team of papyrologists. Farritor also won the challenge’s $40,000 “First Letters” prize in October, when he deciphered the scroll’s first word “porphyras”, which means “purple” in ancient Greek. Nader and Farritor began working together the following month and were joined by Schilliger shortly before the December 31 deadline.
The team ultimately trained machine-learning algorithms (算法) to decipher more than 2,000 characters—more than what was needed to win the Grand Prize. These passages appear to be a philosophical discussion of life’s pleasures, including music and food, though the papyrology team is still studying the results. “It seems familiar to us, and we can’t escape the feeling that the first text we’ve uncovered is a 2,000-year-old blog post about how to enjoy life,” write the organizers.
1. Which statement fits the papyrus scroll in paragraph 1?A.Its 800-word texts were well-known. | B.It was successfully unfolded. |
C.It was discovered in 79 AD. | D.Its text contents were unavailable. |
A.Explain language rules. |
B.Decipher four passages word by word. |
C.Develop a type of CT scanner of the scrolls. |
D.Translate most characters of the given passages. |
A.To introduce some background information. |
B.To summarize the above paragraphs. |
C.To lead to a philosophical conclusion. |
D.To put forward a scientific theory. |
A.It is under discussion. | B.It is beyond expectation. |
C.It is familiar to philosophers. | D.It is uncovered by the organizers. |