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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.85 引用次数:463 题号:18953198

On a tram smoothly pulling into the heart of Luxembourg City, Marck gives a smile and takes a look at the fabric of the seat next to him. For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.

Marck is the director general of Luxtram, Luxembourg’s modern trams. It first started running services two years ago. Next year, Luxembourg will become the world’s only country to get rid of fares on all its forms of public transport. Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.

After three decades when its roads have become so crowded, Luxembourg is going to do something remarkable. Free fares, and a plan to persuade people to switch from cars to trams or trains. Marck, along with many others, is excited to see what happens next. “The fact that this is free means that everyone can use it — young or old, rich or poor,” he said. “Everyone can say to themselves it’s better to leave the car at home. We must continue to improve and extend the network. It must always be comfortable, well-connected, efficient.”

Lydie Polfer, the city’s mayor, says she hopes to reach the point where more than a third of people come into the city using public transport — at the moment, it’s less than one in five. She said, “It’s not practical to ban cars because some people, like the elderly, need them. But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true. I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport. ”

1. Why does Marck think the city’s trams are more than just transport?
A.The trams are his goal that he strives for.
B.There are more means of transportation than trams.
C.City’s trams bring more changes beyond transport.
D.The trams are the heart of Luxembourg City transport system.
2. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The cause of the traffic problems.B.The means of public transport.
C.The development of running services.D.The increase of working population.
3. What concerns people most when using the public transport?
A.The convenience.B.The fare.C.The comfort.D.The efficiency.
4. What can be inferred from what Lydie Polfer said?
A.The elderly needn’t use public transport.
B.It’s possible to persuade most people to use the trams.
C.Everyone can do his part to improve transport situation.
D.Those who don’t take public transport cause traffic jams.
【知识点】 交通与运输 说明文

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【推荐1】The London Underground is the oldest underground train network in the world. Opened in 1863, there are a total of eleven lines, 270 stations and over 400 km of track.     1     It carries about 3 million passengers every day. The deepest stations are over 60 metres below the surface, however, 55% of the tracks run above it.

In the 1830s London’s authorities had the idea of linking the centre of London with the large train stations which were located farther away.     2     Wooden carriages were powered by steam engine. The system of tracks gradually expanded. By the end of the 19th century most lines used electricity to power the trains.

The London Underground normally operates daily between 5 a. m. and midnight. Some lines stay open throughout the night on special occasions, like New Year’s Eve. London Underground stations can get very crowded during the weekday rush hours.     3    

The well-known symbol of the London Underground, a red circle with a blue bar, was developed at the beginning of the 20th century and has not changed much since then.     4     Many original stations have been restored and look similar to the way they did over a century ago.

    5     Because the water level of the Thames is constantly on the rise, thousands of cubic metres of water must be pumped out of some of the underground stations every day.

Although so many people use the underground every day, the safety record of the system is very good.

A.In 1863 the first underground railway opened.
B.Two different types of trains travel across the city.
C.That makes it the third longest subway system in the world.
D.Over the decades underground stations have been modernized.
E.Even though the system is so large, trains usually run on time.
F.The London Underground also faces environmental problems.
G.Some of London’s Underground stations have a special architectural value.
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【推荐2】At a conference on self-driving cars, Mike Harp, a government official, asked a seemingly simple question about what happens when his own car meets a driver-less vehicle. “If I honk(按喇叭), will it do any good?” Harp wanted to know. Unfortunately, manufacturers didn't have an answer. “We haven’t reached that point of deciding how and whether it would be appropriate for vehicles to react and in which way to honking,” said one of them. The brief exchange highlights a thorn in the side of automakers and policymakers alike: Self-driving cars will have to share the road with human drivers, likely for decades to come. Those vehicles must therefore respond and adapt to the peculiarities and mistakes of humans behind wheel.

Self-driving technology has already come a long way. Cars being tested on the road today use cameras and radar, for example, to detect the movements of nearby cyclists and pedestrians. There are already driver-assist technologies built into some cars that monitor the speed of vehicles around you, detect potential accidents before they occur, and automatically slow or stop the car to avoid a wreck. In a world where all cars drive themselves, the technology could operate at peak efficiency. Supporters of self-driving cars say that speed limits could be raised and fatal crashes largely avoided as no traffic laws are broken and poor drivers become a thing of the past.

But the change to driver-less vehicles is expected to be gradual, and will likely start with ride-sharing services, as the costs of personally owning a self-driving car remain extremely high. That means man and machine will have to play nice on roadways. “There are so many interesting situations,” such as honking a horn, Harp said. When “another car with a driver meets a self-driving car without a driver in there and they realize that, it will frighten some people. How that’s going to be dealt with will be part of the fun part of this process.

Any driver can tell you that driving involves a lot of social interaction, particularly the hand gestures and eye contact of fellow drivers. Much of that interaction between drivers will eventually be digital as cars increasingly collect data and share it with the vehicles around them. If a car speeds up, slows down or prepares for a stop, for example, that would be communicated immediately and electronically to the other vehicles on the road. Like self-driving technology however, it will be years before the vehicle-to-vehicle communication is common.

That challenge is being taken into account as driver-less vehicles are tested on public roads. But the honking issue is particularly tricky because it’s subject to interpretation. It’s going to be really hard for a driver-less vehicle, even if it hears the honk, to figure out what that honk means.

1. In paragraph 1, “a thorn” refers to ____________.
A.the issue that human drivers have peculiarities and make mistakes
B.the prediction that self-driving cars will be common in the future
C.the fact that driver-less cars co-exist with cars driven by humans
D.the technology that ensures driver-less cars are safe on the road
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the last two paragraph?
A.Most people don’t advocate self-driving technology
B.Inter-vehicle communication is superior to inter-personal interaction
C.Social interaction will decrease among drivers behind the wheel
D.More data is needed to make self-driving technology a reality much sooner
3. Which example is used to illustrate that self-driving technology is not something new?
A.A car communicates its speed to the other vehicles
B.A driver-less ear is likely to frighten human drivers
C.Speed limits are raised in a world of self-driving cars
D.Car cameras and radar are used to detect moving people.
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.The simple question about self-driving cars we still can’t answer
B.A golden opportunity for driver-less cars we can’t afford to miss
C.Hidden secrets of self-driving cars we can’t reveal
D.Potential risks of driver-less cars we can’t ignore
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【推荐3】Your next car might drive itself. After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the production phase. Last month, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France. Most in the automobile industry think self-driving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before.

Driverless cars will at first be huddled with human-driven cars. But the first places where they will become dominant(占支配地位的)are dense urban areas-precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age. Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of human-driven cars. Driverless cars will quicken that process and will bring us great benefits.

Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 percent. That's big-the annual death toll on the world's roads is about 1.2 million a year. Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric. The old, otherwise they would stay at home most of the time and the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility.

On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe(灾难).The best thing about the automobile age is that it employs tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles. Over the next 20 years, most men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced. Carmakers are especially scared. A few cars in the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple, Baidu and Google. Imaging the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry.

Dramatic change is coming, and driverless cars could arrive by 2020. But governments have hardly begun thinking about it. Only 6 percent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning.

A decade ago anyone hardly saw the smartphone coming. It has brought an epidemic of mass addiction. Let's hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car.

1. The underlined words "be huddled with "in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by "________".
A.show up withB.exist together with
C.get rid ofD.take the place of
2. Why can driverless cars reduce pollution and carbon emissions?
A.Driverless cars reduce the number of human-driven cars.
B.Driverless cars will be powered by electricity.
C.Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves.
D.Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents.
3. What can we know about driverless cars?
A.They will not hit the road until 2020.
B.They will only be used in urban areas.
C.They will not cause any road accident.
D.They aren't still seriously taken by governments.
4. What's the author's attitude toward driverless cars?
A.Doubtful.B.Negative.
C.Objective.D.Worried.
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